高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义6

高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义6 公共英语3级精讲班第6讲讲义 Dialogue Dialogue 1. Karen is ordering her dishes in a restaurant. Background knowledge: Names of dishes: 1. charbroiled steak 炭烤牛排 2. leg of lamb 羊腿 3. peas and carrots 豌豆与胡萝卜 4. straw mushroom 草菇 5. string bean 菜豆 6. baked/mashed potatoes 烤/捣碎马铃薯 7. dressing :sauce for food, esp. a mixture of oil and vinegar for salad. 配菜 8. French, Italian., Russian blue cheese 法国/意大利/俄国奶酪 Language points: 1. It’s really hard to make a pick. 很难做出选择。 make/take a pick 挑选 make/take one’s pick 随便挑选 I’ll lend you a pen. Take/Make your pick. 2. Medium-rare 中等火候的 Well-done 熟透的 3. I’ll take your menu. 我很快就给您上菜。 Dialogue 2. Jean is complaining to the waiter in a restaurant 1. By no mean. Madam. 不可能的，夫人。 by no means 不会的，不可能的，绝不，根本不，一点也不，远非 He is by no means the best student in our class. 当句首短语含有否定此no时，常用部分倒装。 By no means is this exercise easy. by all means 无论如何也要做某事 Should I inform you the match result as soon as possible. By all means. 2. What’s up? 1)怎么了，出什么事了, What’s wrong with you? What’s the matter with you? 2)最近怎么样, How are you! Hello! Hi! Monologue: The following passage is a new type of restaurant that has emerged in Hong Kong. 1. Don’t bother checking the phone book or going to the city’s entertainment district. 不需要麻烦查寻电话本或是去城市的娱乐区。 bother doing sth 麻烦做某事 He didn’t bother saying thanks to you. Why would people bother going out to cook their own meal? 2. The most sought-after tables are hidden away, several floors above ground, in the city’s narrow high-rise apartments, which are run by chefs out of their own house or from rented space. 最受欢迎的桌子在隐藏在七层楼的上面，在城市狭窄的公寓里。它们通常是由自己在自己家屋外或租来的房里经营的。 3. Exclusivity is the main attraction for customers in a city that is still obsessed with status, if not showiness. 在这个对身份着迷的城市里特权是吸引顾客的重要因素，如果我们不把其成为炫耀的话。 be obsessed with被某事牵挂、着迷、困扰 She was obsessed with the idea that she was being watched He is obsessed with the fear of unemployment. 4. For the owner’s point of view, such tiny restaurant make good business sense. 对店主来说，这样的小店会带来经济效益。 make good business sense 会带来利润，带来经济效益 Dialogue 3: Marion and her roommate Joyce are in the kitchen, because Marion’s fiancé and his parents are coming for lunch. 1. Can I be of any help? 需要我帮助吗, be of any help = be helpful be + of + n. = be + adj Can I be helpful? be of importance = be important be of value = be valuable 2. Steve’s parents would probably like a healthy dessert. 斯蒂文的父母可能会喜欢健康甜 点。 healthy dessert 健康甜点 Passage: 1. barbecue joint 烧烤店 2. But instead of sauce-covered mutton served-up from the kitchen, they saw a buffet of uncooked meats and vegetables. Instead of knives and forks, they were given large scissors, chopsticks and metal tongs. 他们没见到厨房送来的汤汁覆盖的羊肉，却看到了柜台上的生肉和蔬菜。店里没给他们刀子和叉子， 却给了他们大的剪子、筷子和金属钳子。 instead of Let’s play card instead of watching TV. Instead of Tom, it was Peter who moved it. 3. No candle flicked at their table, but a bucket of fiery wood charcoal hissed in the tabletop grill pit. 桌上没有烛光闪耀，在桌上烧烤架上却有一桶木炭在嘶嘶作响。 4. “I didn’t realize there were restaurants like this,” marveled Spangler to her friends, who hail from Knoxville, Tennessee, “and I worked in restaurants for 20 years.” “我在饭店工作了20年，从来没见过这样的饭店”来自斯宾格乐对他朋友感叹道。 5. The secret is out, thanks to the growing popularity of restaurants where the customer is the chef. 秘密是显然易见的，这是由于顾客流行自己做厨师造成的。 thanks to:because of sth/sb 由于某人或某事 The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 6. With family spending 46% of their food budget on meals outside the home, they miss the cooking experience. 家庭46%的食品费用花在外面，人们想念自己做饭的这段经历。 (with (without) 引导的分词的独立结构。 1)He walked across the meeting room ____everyone looking at her. A. with B. as C. while D. when (:A。 with 或without 可以引导分词的独立结构，做伴随状语。) 2)With the old man ______the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave. A. leading B. led C. lead D. to be led (答案为A) 7. Men often sit with their arms crossed. 人们经常坐在那儿袖手旁观。 with --- done 8. Restaurant-owners insist that the customer knows best. 店主认为顾客对此最了解。 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you were wrong. Exercises. Exercises: Use of English 2. not --- but --- 不是而是 14. proportion比例, percentage百分比, portion部分， take large portions of the foods he does like. 17. dignified愤怒的, satisfied满意的, thoughtful想的周到的, grateful感激的 倒装句 倒装句 1. 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until„ 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1) Why can't I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until„的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only„but also, Hardly/Scarcely„when, No sooner„ than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题 No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only„but (also), no sooner„than, hardly„ when scarcely„ when 等等。 注意:只有当Not only„ but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only„ but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won't go, neither will I. 典型例题 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know, _____. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. 5 only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。 注意: 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 7 其他部分倒装 1) so„ that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中: May you all be happy. 3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again. 典型例题: 1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B。 3) Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don't know, ___. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 解析:答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。