Bwajtty管理经济学计算题试题

Bwajtty管理经济学计算题 七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。乃书于纸上。毕而卧。凄然入梦。乙酉年七月初七。 -----啸之记。 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 25. 甲公司和乙公司是机床行业的两个竞争者，这两家公司的主要产品的需求曲线分别为 P=1 000-6Q，P=1 500-4Q，这两家公司现在的销售量分别为100单位X和250单位XXYY Y。 (1)求X当前的价格弹性; (2)假定Y降价后，使Q增加到300单位，同时导致X的销售量Q下降到75单位，YX 试问甲公司产品X的交叉价格弹性是多少? (3)假定甲公司的目标是谋求销售收入最大化，你认为它降价在经济上是否合理? 3226. 一个完全竞争厂商具有下列短期生产函数:Q=-0.01L+L+36L，其中Q是以单位计量的 日产量，L是以工时计的日劳动投入。劳动是唯一的可变要素，产品销售价格为0.1元， 工资率为每人每小时4.8元。如果每天的总固定成本为50元，问厂商追求利润最大化， 需投入多少工时的劳动量?每日的纯利润是多少? 27. 某公司生产产品A的年生产能力为24 000件，预计明年的销售量为12 000件。全部固 定费用为48 000元，该产品的销售价格为32元/件，单位变动费用为26元/件。 问:(1)该公司的盈亏平衡点产量是多少? (2)如果公司的目标利润为72 000元，为保目标利润实现的产量是多少? 28. 永胜公司估计它生产的产品在年产量为16 000件时的单位全部成本为20元/件。这个产 量为其生产能力的80%。该公司的总投资为160 000元，如果该公司希望获得20%的年 投资回报率，那么该公司对其产品应定什么价格?按此定价的成本利润率是多少? 29. 某企业为了扩大经营，准备生产一种新产品，两年后投放市场，共生产五年。生产这种 产品的方案有三种:(1)改建本厂原有生产线;(2)从国外引进一条高效自动生产线;(3) 按专业化协作组织“一条龙”生产。由于对未来两年市场需求无法预测，只能大致估计 较高、一般、很低三种可能情况的需求量。并且这三种情况发生的概率也不知道。估计 的损益值如题29。试用最大最小收益决策法和最小最大遗憾值决策法分别做出选择。 题29表 方 案 自然状态 改建生产线 引进生产线 协作生产 of the accident to develop preventive and corrective measures to prevent accidents from happening again. 8.8.3 telephone company Office Tel: 2814263 (24 hours) Safety Department: 2814828 Safety Department: 7720936 municipal work safety supervision Bureau Tel: 2823733 municipal work safety supervision station Tel: 2825983 first aid of focus construction, and guarantee progress plans of smooth implementation for purpose, in engineering implementation Qian, developed detailed of material production, and processing, and stacked, and transport plans, and the jobs construction team into exit adjustment plans. While working out the concrete implementation of these programmes, strictly in accordance with the standards and other regulations, construction management of graphic Sciences, civilization. (2) stress management plans construction of plane scientific management is the key to the science of planning and careful detail specific plans. Formed in the project schedule based on the materials, machinery, labour of advance and retreat, vertical transportation and installation plans to ensure that balanced progress and fully use the plane as a target, work out a realistic plane management to implement the plan. While the plan into a computer, dynamic regulation. (3) stress management plan according to the construction schedule of implementation and adjustment phases publish plane management to implement the plan, including time schedule, responsibility, performance standards, reward and punishment criteria. Plan implementation, not scheduled will be held on a regular basis, after sufficient coordination, research, publish plans to adjust. 2) stress management construction plane managed by the project manager in overall charge, project foreman, material, machine 需求量较高 700 980 400 需求量一般 250 -500 90 需求量很低 -200 -800 -30 五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分) 30. 造成市场机制失灵的原因有哪些?如何更好地发挥市场机制的作用? 31. 某城市公共交通的需求价格弹性估计为1.3，城市管理者希望知道，为了增加公共交通 的收入，其价格是应当增加还是降低，请你为其提供方案并作出解释。 rvision Bureau Tel: 2823733 municipal work safety supervision station Tel: 2825983 first aid nt: 7720936 municipal work safety supeof the accident to develop preventive and corrective measures to prevent accidents from happening again. 8.8.3 telephone company Office Tel: 2814263 (24 hours) Safety Department: 2814828 Safety Departme of focus construction, and guarantee progress plans of smooth implementation for purpose, in engineering implementation Qian, developed detailed of material production, and processing, and stacked, and transport plans, and the jobs construction team into exit adjustment plans. While working out the concrete implementation of these programmes, strictly in accordance with the standards and other regulations, construction management of graphic Sciences, civilization. (2) stress management plans construction of plane scientific management is the key to the science of planning and careful detail specific plans. Formed in the project schedule based on the materials, machinery, labour of advance and retreat, vertical transportation and installation plans to ensure that balanced progress and fully use the plane as a target, work out a realistic plane management to implement the plan. While the plan into a computer, dynamic regulation. (3) stress management plan according to the construction schedule of implementation and adjustment phases publish plane management to implement the plan, including time schedule, responsibility, performance standards, reward and punishment criteria. Plan implementation, not scheduled will be held on a regular basis, after sufficient coordination, research, publish plans to adjust. 2) stress management construction plane managed by the project manager in overall charge, project foreman, material, machine 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 25.某律师受雇于一家公司任法律顾问，年薪80 000元。他打算放弃目前的工作去开办一个律师事务所。他估计，为开业租用办公室每年需要花费10 000元，租用办公设备每年需要15 000元，雇用一名秘书每年需要花费20 000元，支付电费、电话费等每年需要5 000元，而开业后事务所的每年收入将为120 000元。假定该律师对继续从事目前的法律顾问职业与开办律师事务所在职业偏好上无差异，试问该律师是否应该开办律师事务所, 26.假定某印染厂进行来料加工，其产量随工人人数的变化而变化。两者之间的关系为: 2Q=98L-3L，这里Q指每天的产量，L指每天雇佣的工人人数。又假定成品布不论生产多少，都能按每米20元的价格出售，工人每天的工资均为40元，而且工人是该厂唯一的可变投入要素。问该厂为谋求利润最大化，每天应雇用多少工人, 27.在纽约市比萨饼的价格为每个10美元，现有一家新开设的比萨饼店，由于比萨饼店数量很多，新企业进入市场不会影响这一价格。新店老板估计，包括正常利润在内的月度总成本 2为:TC,,.01Q+2Q+1 000，为了使总利润最大，该店每月应生产多少比萨饼,每月的经济利润为多少, 28.大华公司估计它生产的产品在年产量为15 000件时的单位全部成本为每件22元。该公司的总投资为175 000元，如果该公司希望获得20%的年投资回报率，那么该公司对其产品应定什么价格, 29.假定某投资方案的投资额为12 000元，预期寿命为3年，第一年末的净现金效益为4 740元，第二年末的净现金效益为5 100元，第三年末的净现金效益为5 496元，资金成本为12%。问该方案的净现值是多少,该方案可否接受, 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 25.A公司和B公司是家电行业的两个竞争者，这两家公司的主要产品的需求曲线分别为P=1 000-5Q，P=1 600-4Q，这两家公司现在的销售量分别为100单位a和250单位b。 aabb 求:(1)a和b当前的需求价格弹性是多少, (2)假定b降价后，使Q增加到300单位，同时导致a的销售量Q下降到75单位，ba 试问A公司产品a的交叉价格弹性是多少, (3)假定B公司的目标是谋求销售收入最大化，你认为它降价在经济上是否合理, 26.假设新鲜草莓市场是完全竞争的市场，新鲜草莓的供给量Q=8 000个单位，市场上需求s 函数为Q=20 000,100P。 d 求:(1)新鲜草莓的市场均衡价格是多少, (2)如果新鲜草莓的价格不是由市场调节，而是固定在每单位100元，那么市场的供需 缺口是多少, 27.某公司生产的家电产品年生产能力为22 000件，预计明年的销售量为10 000件。全部固定费用为48 000元，该产品的销售价格为34元/件，单位变动费用为28元/件。 问:(1)该公司的盈亏平衡点产量是多少, (2)如果公司的目标利润为72 000元，为保目标利润实现的产量是多少, 28.东方公司估计它生产的产品在年产量为24 000件时的单位全部成本为20元/件。这个产of the accident to develop preventive and corrective measures to prevent accidents from happening again. 8.8.3 telephone company Office Tel: 2814263 (24 hours) Safety Department: 2814828 Safety Department: 7720936 municipal work safety supervision Bureau Tel: 2823733 municipal work safety supervision station Tel: 2825983 first aid of focus construction, and guarantee progress plans of smooth implementation for purpose, in engineering implementation Qian, developed detailed of material production, and processing, and stacked, and transport plans, and the jobs construction team into exit adjustment plans. While working out the concrete implementation of these programmes, strictly in accordance with the standards and other regulations, construction management of graphic Sciences, civilization. (2) stress management plans construction of plane scientific management is the key to the science of planning and careful detail specific plans. Formed in the project schedule based on the materials, machinery, labour of advance and retreat, vertical transportation and installation plans to ensure that balanced progress and fully use the plane as a target, work out a realistic plane management to implement the plan. While the plan into a computer, dynamic regulation. (3) stress management plan according to the construction schedule of implementation and adjustment phases publish plane management to implement the plan, including time schedule, responsibility, performance standards, reward and punishment criteria. Plan implementation, not scheduled will be held on a regular basis, after sufficient coordination, research, publish plans to adjust. 2) stress management construction plane managed by the project manager in overall charge, project foreman, material, machine 量为其生产能力的80%。该公司的总投资为240 000元，如果该公司希望获得15%的年投资回报率，那么该公司对其产品应定什么价格,按此定价的成本利润率是多少, 29.某企业为了对产品进行更新换代而拟定了三个可行性方案:方案一，上新产品甲，需追加投资500万元，若产品销路好，每年可获利润300万元;若销路差，每年将亏损30万元。据预测，销路好的概率为0.7，销路差的概率为0.3。方案二，上新产品乙，需追加投资300万元;若销路好，每年可获利润120万元;若销路差，每年可获利润30万元;销路好与差的概率分别为0.8和0.2。方案三，继续维持老产品的生产，不需追加投资，若销路好，每年可获利润60万元;若销路差，每年可获利润20万元;销路好与差的概率分别为0.9和0.1。各方案的经营期均为5年。试用决策树法进行决策。 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 35 8825.已知厂商的生产函数为,又设=3元,=5元。求该厂商生产10单位产品时，PQ,LKPKL 应该使用多少单位K和L才能使成本降至最低, 3226.垄断厂商的短期成本函数为STC=0.1Q-3Q+100Q+2 500，使利润最大化的产量为40，利润为1 000。求该厂商在均衡点的边际收益、总收益及销售价格。 27.某企业产品每件价格10元，单位可变成本6元，固定成本12 000元，计算该企业产品的盈亏平衡点。如果目标利润为6 000元，销量应该是多少, 28.某旅游点打算增设一处游乐场,游乐场的门票若为5元/每人,估计每天有5 000人来游乐场,游乐场每天平均成本折合为30 000元。由于新增了游乐场，估计该旅游点除游乐场外，每天平均可增加收益20 000元，同时成本增加10 000元。问是否应当增设此处游乐场所, 29.某外国公司打算在中国投资建一座电视机组装工厂，估计需投资312 700元，每年可得税后净现金效益100 000元，但到第五年末，根据协议，这座工厂的资产将无偿地全部移交中国政府。如果该公司的资金机会成本为12%，问这家外国公司的净现值是多少,这样投资是否合算, 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 写出下列每小题的计算过程，否则只给结果分。 25.甲公司生产电脑鼠标，现价30元，2007年它的销售量为每月10 000个。2008年1月它 的竞争对手乙公司把鼠标价格从每个32元降到28元。该年2月，甲公司的销售量跌到 只有8 000个。 (1)问甲公司鼠标对乙公司鼠标价格的交叉弹性是多少, (2)假设甲公司鼠标的弧价格弹性为,1.0，再假设乙公司把鼠标价格保持在28元，甲公 司想把销售量恢复到每月10 000个的水平，问其鼠标的价格要降至多少, 21 33LK26.已知某企业的生产函数为:Q,。其中:劳动力(L)的价格为2元，资本(K)的 价格为1元。 (1)如果企业打算在劳动力和资本上总共投入3 000，它在K和L上各应投入多少能使产 量最大, rvision Bureau Tel: 2823733 municipal work safety supervision station Tel: 2825983 first aid nt: 7720936 municipal work safety supeof the accident to develop preventive and corrective measures to prevent accidents from happening again. 8.8.3 telephone company Office Tel: 2814263 (24 hours) Safety Department: 2814828 Safety Departme of focus construction, and guarantee progress plans of smooth implementation for purpose, in engineering implementation Qian, developed detailed of material production, and processing, and stacked, and transport plans, and the jobs construction team into exit adjustment plans. While working out the concrete implementation of these programmes, strictly in accordance with the standards and other regulations, construction management of graphic Sciences, civilization. (2) stress management plans construction of plane scientific management is the key to the science of planning and careful detail specific plans. Formed in the project schedule based on the materials, machinery, labour of advance and retreat, vertical transportation and installation plans to ensure that balanced progress and fully use the plane as a target, work out a realistic plane management to implement the plan. While the plan into a computer, dynamic regulation. (3) stress management plan according to the construction schedule of implementation and adjustment phases publish plane management to implement the plan, including time schedule, responsibility, performance standards, reward and punishment criteria. Plan implementation, not scheduled will be held on a regular basis, after sufficient coordination, research, publish plans to adjust. 2) stress management construction plane managed by the project manager in overall charge, project foreman, material, machine (2)如果企业希望生产800个单位的产品，应投入K和L各多少能使成本最低, 新飞冰箱厂的有关数据如下: 27. 冰箱价格:8 000元,台; 2总变动成本(元):TVC,3 500Q，10Q，Q为产量; 总固定成本(元):TFC,500 000。 (1)求盈亏分界点产量; (2)求利润最大化产量。 28.某公司生产皮鞋，固定成本为每年200 000元。公司市场部估计每年销售2 000双，这 时的总变动成本将为100 000元。企业的总投资为400 000元。如果每双皮鞋价格定为 200元，问目标投资回报率是多少, 29.某方案的投资额为10 000元，预期方案寿命为10年，在10年内每年的净现金流入为 1 358.70元。 (1)问这一方案的返本期是多少, (2)假定资金成本为12%，问该方案的净现值是多少, (3)问这一方案的内部回报率是多少, (总现值系数=7.360;总现值系数=5.650) (6%，10)(12%，10) 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 25.市场调查表明，目前我国市场上对汽车的需求价格弹性为1.3，收入弹性为3.2，问:(1)如果汽车价格下降10,，市场上汽车销售量会出现什么变化,(2)如果居民收入提高4,，市场上汽车销售量会出现什么变化, 26.某饭店有100个客房，目前正处于旅游淡季，客房出租率只有30,。今有一个单位要租用该饭店50个房间举办一个月(按30天计)的班，但他们每个房间只肯出价45元，该饭店每个客房的平均变动成本为每天5元，全年固定成本为800 000元，正常价格为每天每房65元。问:该饭店是否应该承接这项业务, 27.假定某企业有两种主要产品(x，y)，已知这两种产品的生产函数分别为: 0.40.40.1Q=1.6LKM，Q=10L+7K+M xy 式中，Q为特定时期的产量，L为投入的劳动力数，K为投入的资本数，M为投入的管理人员数。试问:这两种产品的规模收益各属于什么类型, 28.假定某企业生产的某种产品的固定成本为60 000元，平均变动成本为每件3元，产品价格为每件5元。试计算盈亏分界点的产量，并画出相应的盈亏分界点图。 3229.完全竞争行业的代表厂商的长期总成本函数为:LTC,q,60q，1 500q，成本用美元计算，q为每月产量。 (1)求出长期平均成本函数和长期边际成本函数; (2)假设产品价格P,975美元，求利润最大时的产量。 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)请写出计算过程，否则只得结果分。 25.假定某印染厂进行来料加工，其产量随工人人数的变化而变化。两者之间的关系为: 2Q=98L-3L，Q为每天的产量，L指每天的雇佣人数，又假定成品布不论生产多少都能按of the accident to develop preventive and corrective measures to prevent accidents from happening again. 8.8.3 telephone company Office Tel: 2814263 (24 hours) Safety Department: 2814828 Safety Department: 7720936 municipal work safety supervision Bureau Tel: 2823733 municipal work safety supervision station Tel: 2825983 first aid of focus construction, and guarantee progress plans of smooth implementation for purpose, in engineering implementation Qian, developed detailed of material production, and processing, and stacked, and transport plans, and the jobs construction team into exit adjustment plans. While working out the concrete implementation of these programmes, strictly in accordance with the standards and other regulations, construction management of graphic Sciences, civilization. (2) stress management plans construction of plane scientific management is the key to the science of planning and careful detail specific plans. Formed in the project schedule based on the materials, machinery, labour of advance and retreat, vertical transportation and installation plans to ensure that balanced progress and fully use the plane as a target, work out a realistic plane management to implement the plan. While the plan into a computer, dynamic regulation. (3) stress management plan according to the construction schedule of implementation and adjustment phases publish plane management to implement the plan, including time schedule, responsibility, performance standards, reward and punishment criteria. Plan implementation, not scheduled will be held on a regular basis, after sufficient coordination, research, publish plans to adjust. 2) stress management construction plane managed by the project manager in overall charge, project foreman, material, machine 每米20元的价格出售，工人每天的工资均为40元，而且工人是该厂唯一的可变要素，问该厂为谋求利润最大，每天应雇佣多少工人, 26.某垄断厂商拥有不变的平均成本和边际成本，并且AC=MC=10，如果该厂商面临的市场需求曲线为Q=60-P，求该垄断厂商利润最大化时的价格-产量组合及其相应的利润水平。 27.某企业单位产品的变动成本为2元，总固定成本为10 000元，原价为3元，现有人愿按2.5元的价格订货5 000件。如不接受这笔订货，企业就无活可干。企业应否承接此定货, 28.某企业生产的产品，平均变动成本(AVC)为每件10元，产量为50万件，为生产能力的80%。总固定成本(TFC)为250万元，如果企业的目标成本利润率为20%，问价格应定为多少, 29.假定A方案的期望现金流量效益为100万元，标准差为1 000元;B方案的期望现金效益为20万元，标准差为500元。问哪个方案风险大, 四、计算题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分) 写出下列每小题的计算过程，否则只给结果分。 225.假定在产品A和产品B之间有以下关系:Q,80P,0.5。式中，Q为消费者对产品PABAB A的需求量;P为产品B的价格。 B 试求:(1)当P,10元时，产品A对产品B价格的交叉弹性是多少,(保留两位小数) B (2)产品A和产品B互为互补品还是替代品, 26.如果某企业的生产函数为Q,LK。式中:Q为年产量，L为使用的劳动力数量，K为使用的资本数量。假定劳动力的成本为每单位2元，资本成本为每单位4元。如果该企业打算每年生产50单位产品，试求当投入劳动力和资本各为多少时成本最低, 27.假定东方公司原设计能力为5 000机器工时，但实际开工率只有原生产能力的80,，现准备将剩余生产能力用于发展新产品甲或新产品乙。甲、乙两种新产品的有关资料如题27表: 题27表 新产品甲(预计) 新产品乙(预计) 每件定额工时 5 2 销售单价 82元 44元 单位变动成本 70元 38元 固定成本总额 14000元 问:根据以上资料，公司开发哪种产品最为有利, 3228.完全竞争市场条件下单个厂商的短期成本函数为:STC=0.04Q,0.8Q+10Q+5。 试求:(1)当价格P,26元时，厂商的短期均衡产量; (2)市场价格为多少时，厂商要停止生产, 29.方案甲的净现金投资量为1 800元，预期方案寿命为5年，在5年内每年的净现金流入量为524.32元。 试问:(1)这一方案的返本期是多少, (2)假定资金成本为12,，该方案的净现值是多少,(总现值系数=3.605)(保(12%,5) 留两位小数) rvision Bureau Tel: 2823733 municipal work safety supervision station Tel: 2825983 first aid nt: 7720936 municipal work safety supeof the accident to develop preventive and corrective measures to prevent accidents from happening again. 8.8.3 telephone company Office Tel: 2814263 (24 hours) Safety Department: 2814828 Safety Departme of focus construction, and guarantee progress plans of smooth implementation for purpose, in engineering implementation Qian, developed detailed of material production, and processing, and stacked, and transport plans, and the jobs construction team into exit adjustment plans. While working out the concrete implementation of these programmes, strictly in accordance with the standards and other regulations, construction management of graphic Sciences, civilization. (2) stress management plans construction of plane scientific management is the key to the science of planning and careful detail specific plans. Formed in the project schedule based on the materials, machinery, labour of advance and retreat, vertical transportation and installation plans to ensure that balanced progress and fully use the plane as a target, work out a realistic plane management to implement the plan. While the plan into a computer, dynamic regulation. (3) stress management plan according to the construction schedule of implementation and adjustment phases publish plane management to implement the plan, including time schedule, responsibility, performance standards, reward and punishment criteria. Plan implementation, not scheduled will be held on a regular basis, after sufficient coordination, research, publish plans to adjust. 2) stress management construction plane managed by the project manager in overall charge, project foreman, material, machine