初中一般现在时与现在进行时语法详解及习题

一般现在时 一、概述 一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性,它不表示特定时间内发生的事。 用法: 1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。 e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 二、一般现在时的结构 时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。一般现在时间有两种结构,一种是动词原形,用于主语为非第三人称时的情况;另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于主语为第三人称时的情况。Eg1.We often get up early in the morning. Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning. 三、谈谈“主语为三单,其后动词s添” 在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为“主语为三单,其后动词s添”。何谓第三人称单数?用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”,如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc. Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike. Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor. 四、动词第三人称单数变化规则 动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。 规则一、一般在词尾加-s。 如:looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。 规则二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。 如:goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。 规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。 如:fly→flies,try→tries,fry→fries,copy→copies buy→buys,enjoy→enjoys,play→plays,say→says,pay→pays五、 一般现在时的句子转换 (1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例: ①陈述句:She is a student. 一般疑问句→Is she a student? 否定句→She is not a student. ②陈述句:I can swim. 一般疑问句→Can you swim? 否定句→I can not swim. (2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成一般疑问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例: ①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句:She has a little brother. 一般疑问句→Does she have a little brother?否定句→She doesn’t have a little brother. 标志:其时间状语为often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。 特殊用法:下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后 六、练习巩固 1.写出下列动词的三单形式 go__________ catch_________ brush(刷)_____ wash___________ do________ like________ have___________ watch________ drink ___________ fly___________ say_______ learn ___________ eat___________ read___________ sing___________ buy__________ study_______ stay __________ make __________ look ____ pass__________ carry ____ come__________plant(种植)______ teach_______ buy__________ 2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. We often___________(play) in the playground. 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock. 3.__________you_________(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What________ (do) he usually______ (do) after school? 5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths, Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she often__________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day? 9.How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday? 10. What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework? 3.选择 ( )1. I ________to school at 7:00 in the morning. A. go B. going C. goes ( )2. They _______books every day in the library. A.reads B. read C. reading ( )3. The monkey________ eating bananas very much. A.like B. likes C. liking ( )4. My father ________to read newspaper after supper every day. A.like B. likes C. liking ( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _________like it. A. don’t B. doesn’t C. does ( )6. ____________ your father drink milk every day? A.do B. are C. does ()7. We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A. don't rain B. didn't rain C.doesn't rain D. isn't rain ()8. He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets ()9.Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen ()10. Jenny____ English every evening. A has study B studies C study D studied 4.改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachsus English. __________________ 5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 5.把下列句子变成一般疑问句(并作肯定和否定回答)、否定句例:I like cooking. →Do you like cooking? Yes, I do. No, I don't. I don't like cooking. 1.My friends like playing soccer. 2.They speak English every day. 3.Daniel watches TV every evening 4.John is from Canada. 5.Tom does his homework at home. 6.My dog runs fast. 7. Amy likes playing computer games. 8. She can play the piano well. 课后作业 一.选择题 2. There _____ an English film. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. is 3. The picture _______ nice. A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking 4. She ______ down and soon falls asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lies 5. They _____ the office in time very morning. A. reach to B. arrived C. went D. get to 6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back nextweek. A. will come B. came C. would come D. come 7. The plane ______ off. A. takes B. took C. was taken D. is take 8. I see her ____ the room this morning. A. to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 9. The teacher asks us ______ to school on time. A. to come B. coming C. come D. comes 10. John is always ______ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help 11. He tells us ______ at eight. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 12. You’d better ______ at home and ______ your homework. A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do 13. He sits down ______ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. had 14. Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine. A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make 15. Jim decides _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he is back to England. A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave 一、将下列句子译成英语 1. 汤姆喜欢英语。 2. 他们看电视。 3. 杰克是个老师。 4. 妈妈在11点吃午饭。 5. 我们踢足球。 二、变否定句。 1. He wants a book. 2. Jimmy washes hands before dinner. 3. Lisa likes milk very much. 4. They walk to school. 5. Lingling and Dandan are 10 years old. 6. I am Chinese. 7. Ben is from America. 三、变一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。 1.He wants a book. 2. Jimmy washes hands before dinner. 3. Lisa likes milk very much. 4. They walk to school. 5. Lingling and Dandan are 10 years old. 6. I am Chinese. 7. Ben is from America. 现在进行时 构成:Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式 一般情况V +ing falling 1.以不发音字母e结尾的单词去e, +ing having write ---writing make--- making ride---riding take---taking 2.以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写词尾字母+ing sit---sitting swim---swimming put--- putting run--- running get----getting 什么是音节?闭音节?重读闭音节? 1,英语单词是由字母组成的,字母构成音节。一般来讲有一个元音就是一个音节。含一个元音的词叫作单音节词,含两个或两个以上元音的单词叫作双音节或多音节词。单音节 词都是重读音节,双音节和多音节词中一般有一个重读音节,其他的是弱读音节。 2,闭音节:闭音节是两个辅音中间有一个元音的音节。例如:not,thank,ten,am,six 等。 3,重读闭音节是需要重读的闭音节,如果是单音节一定重读,但是重读符号省略;如果是多音节,一定有一个需要重读。重读闭音节(辅音1+元音+辅音2)中的辅音2在构词法中要双写,如果不重读,如listen中的第二个音节ten(闭音节)中的n就不用双写,因为重读在第一个音节lis上 特殊变化(或者说以Ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕: lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing. 基本用法 ○1表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now连用,有时用一个动词如look(看)、listen(听)来表示now(现在)这一时间概念。 Look!A train is coming.看!火车来了 Listen!He is playing the piano.听!他在弹钢琴。 ○2表示现阶段正在进行着的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present(目前)、this week(本周)、these days(这几天)等时间状语连用。 What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?(说话时并不在学)○3现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按或安排要进行的动作 即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go(去)、come(来)、leave(离开)、start(开始)、arrive(到达)、return (返回)、sleep(睡觉)、… Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow?你明天去天津吗? How many of you are Coming to the party next week?你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会? ○4 be going to+动词原形 这一句型表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事,我们把它归在将来时里了。 she isn't going to speak at the meeting.她不打算在会议上发言。 注意:如果没有表示将来时间的状语,此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。 Where are you going next week? 下周你计划去哪儿?用现在进行时表示将来时,因为有next week(下周)这一时间状语。 Where are you going?你现在去哪儿? 因为没有表示将来时的时间状语,所以就按句型来翻译,即现在进行时。 ○5 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别 一般现在时表示经常性的动作;而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。 He walks to work.他步行上班。(习惯、经常性的动作) He's walking to work because his bike is being repaired. 他现在走着上班,因为他的自行车正在修理。(只是暂时的情况) Where does he live?他家住在哪儿?(询问一般的情况) Where is he living(staying)?他这几天住在哪儿?(询问暂时一段时间的情况)○6现在进行时有时可用来代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感情,使句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与always,forever连用。 You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪) Mary is doing fine work at school.玛丽在学校学习得挺不错。 现在进行时练习 一、按要求改写句子 1. The boy is playing basketball. 否定句:___________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________ 肯定回答:_______________________否定回答:______________________ 对“ The boy”提问:__________________________ 二、单项选择 ()1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)I'm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby. ( )2._____friend's making______a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his ( )3.Is the woman wearing______ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking ( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where ( )6.Isshe____something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats ( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do? ( )8.What are you listening_____? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to ( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him. (C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him. ( )10.Theyare_____their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on ( )11.Listen! She____in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing ( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing ( )13.______are you eating?I'meating______meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a ( )14.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching ( )15.Thechildren_____football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a ( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river. I want_____you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucyis_____a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing 三、用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_________you__________(do)? 2.I_____________(sing) an English song. 3.What________he____________(mend)? 4.He______________(mend) a car. 5.______you__________(fly) a kite?Yes,_______. 6.______she___________(sit) in the boat? 7.______you_____________(ask) questions? 8.We_______________(play) games now. 四.写出下列动词的现在分词 stand_________ swim_________ play_________ watch________ skate_______run__________sleep_________jump_________ walk_________ ride__________ clean_________ make________ wash_________ do____________ go__________ listen_________ play_________come_________sing__________have_________ write________dance_________ sit___________ read_________ 课后习题 现在进行时专练 一用括号中动词的适当形式填空: 1. My parents _______(watch)TV now. 2. Look. Three boys _______(run). 3. What _______ your mother _______(do)??? now? 4. _______ your dog _______ now?(sleep) 5. _______ you _______(listen)?? to music? Yes, I am. 6. Look, Miss Chen _______ football.(play) 7. Tom and his sister _______(wait)for you over there. 8. Now Class 3 and Class 4_______(have)a test. 9. Listen, someone _______(sing)in the classroom. 10. ——Where is Zhang Yan? ——She _______(talk)with her teacher in the teacher’s office. 11. What are you _________(do) now? I ___________(eat) bread. 12. It’s nine o’clock. My father__------_______(work) in the office. 13. Look, the boy____________(put) the rubbish into the bin. 14. __________he__________(clean) the classroom? No, he isn’t. He____________(play). 15. Where is Mark? He___________(run) on the grass. 16. Listen, who____________(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_____________(sing) there. 17.(do) _______you like animals? Yes, I ________ What are you _________? I am ________ my? homework. 18.(dance) My sister likes __________. She can _________well. Now she is ___________ 19.(swim) Her parents can _______ They like ___________ They are ___________now 二.选择填空: ()1. Who ______ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing ( 2. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class. A. hav B. having C. are having ()3. Listen! The boy________ A. crying B. is crying C. cries ()4. Don’t talk here. Grandparents ______. A. sleep B. is sleepin C. are sleeping ()5. Is the man _______ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C. drinking