煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程87

煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程87 煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程 关于颁发《煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程》 的通知 (87)煤地字第656号 《煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程》从1979年7月颁发以来，•对提高煤田地质勘探的煤样采取质量起了显著作用。随着煤炭工业的发展，对煤质评价提出了更高的要求。原规程的某些条文与新近颁发的有关国家标准和部标准不一致，原规程已不能满足当前煤炭资源勘探的需要。为此，部地质局组织力量进行了广泛的调查研究和征求意见，对原规程作了修编。现将修编后的《煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程》正式颁发执行。执行中如有问题和意见，请随时报部地质局。 中华人民共和国煤炭工业部 1987年11月4日 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 目录 1、总 则................................................................................................. 2 2、煤芯煤样 ............................................................................................ 3 3、可选性试验煤样 ............................................................................... 5 4、专门性试验煤样 ............................................................................... 8 5、煤岩煤样 .......................................................................................... 10 6、孢粉煤样 .......................................................................................... 11 7、煤样的包装、保存和煤样说明书 .............................................. 12 附录 煤的肉眼描述 ...................................................................... 14 der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon 1 1、总 则 1.1 煤样是研究煤质的基础。•煤样的采取质量直接影响对煤岩特征，煤的物理、化学性质及其工业用途的正确评价。因此，所采取的样品必须能如实地反映煤层的自然特征，保证样品的代表性。 1.2 本规程对各类煤样采取方法的规定及质量要求，•是根据目前国内技术水平并吸收了主要产煤国家的经验而提出的。在工作中，应注意国内外煤质研究、煤的加工利用等方面的新技术和新方法，做好采样工作。 1.3 本规程是根据《煤炭资源地质勘探规范》对煤质工作的要求编制的，适用于煤炭资源勘探中各种煤样及其夹矸样的采取。 凡采样方法已有国家标准或部标准的，均按国家标准或部标准执行。 aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require2 2、煤芯煤样 2.1 煤芯煤样从钻孔煤芯中采取，•取样前应对煤芯进行整理和编录，要求如下: 2.1.1 煤芯提出井口后，要按上下顺序依次放入岩芯箱内，断口互相衔接，煤芯不得受污染，采样前要先进行拍照; 2.1.2 记录煤层各分层的厚度和芯长，描述宏观煤岩类型及煤芯状况; 2.1.3 从煤芯取出到采样结束一般不得超过48小时。 2.2 煤芯煤样一般按独立煤层采取全层样。 特厚煤层可分层采样，分层厚度一般不得大于3.0米，•应尽量使各采样点的分层层位相一致。急倾斜特厚煤层可适当加大分层厚度。 当煤层结构十分复杂或煤岩类型及煤质有显著差异时，应根据具体情况分层采样。 顶底界面不明显的煤层和高灰分煤层，分层厚度一般不得大于0.3米。 有专门研究目的的煤样的分层厚度，应根据需要确定。 2.3 大于0.01米至等于煤层最低可采厚度的夹矸应单独采样;大于煤层最低可采厚度的夹矸，属非炭质岩的，一般不采样，属炭质岩或松软岩的，需单独采样。厚度小于或等于0.01米的夹矸，应与相连煤分层合并采样。不得剔除。 煤层中的多层薄层夹矸，可单独采样，也可按相同岩性 nning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conss3 合并采样。 2.4 炭质泥岩为煤层的伪顶或伪底时，•应分别采取全层样。非炭质泥岩为伪顶或伪底，层厚大于0.1米时，采0.1米;层厚小于0.1米者采全层，分别送验。 2.5 煤芯煤样一般不缩分，应全部送验。若必须缩分时，•应按国家标准GB474-83《煤样制备方法》的规定进行，缩分出的煤样重量不得少于表1的规定，•并应能满足各试验项目的粒度和重量要求。 表1 ???煤样的最大粒度50 25 13 6 3 1 (mm) 煤样的最小重量(kg) 100 60 15 7.5 3.75 1 2.6 清除了泥皮等杂物，并去掉磨烧部分的干净煤芯，在空气干燥状态下所称得的重量，称为煤芯送样重量，以千克为单位，取小数点后一位。煤芯送样重量是计算重量采取率的基础数据，是衡量煤样代表性的依据之一。 2.7 •按《煤田勘探钻孔工程质量标准》评定的取芯质量不合格的煤层，其煤芯不能代表全层的质量，一般不应采样。 2.8 热稳定性、煤对二氧化碳反应性、结渣性、可磨性、•煤尘爆炸性、燃点等几种试验用煤样，从煤芯煤样(或煤层煤样)中缩制。缩制工作一般在实验室进行，也可在现场按规定破碎、缩分后单独送验。试验样粒度和重量要求见表2。 表2 e control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick requirearation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfa4 试验项目 粒度(mm) 最小重量(kg) 6,13 褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤、贫煤热稳定性试验 1.4、无烟煤1.6 反应性试3,5 0.6 煤对CO2 验 (褐煤4,6) 结渣性试验 3,6 5.0 可磨性试验 0.59,1.19 0.1 煤尘爆炸性试验 0.2,0.075 1.0(剔除所有夹矸) 2.0(剔除所有夹矸，立即装入铁煤的燃点试验 0.15 筒或玻璃瓶中密封) 2.9 为保证获得足够数量的煤样，应合理选择取煤管，•其内径一般不应小于46毫米。 3、可选性试验煤样 3.1 可选性试验煤样包括筛分、•浮沉试验煤样和简易可选性试验煤样(即简选样)两种。 3.2 筛分、•浮沉试验煤样须在生产矿井或勘探坑道中采取。其重量(•指按规定的井下拣矸拣除部分矸石并经空气干燥后的原煤)不少于10吨。在生产矿井中采取煤样时，应符合GB481-87•《生产煤样采取方法》的规定。在勘探坑 approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of co5 道(•包括生产矿井中为采样专门开掘的坑道)中采样时应符合以下规定: 3.2.1 采样点应布置在氧化带以下及煤层厚度、结构、煤质正常的地段。当不能肯定是否穿过氧化带时，应先取煤层煤样测定氧化指标。 3.2.2 采样点位置要用仪器测量并计算出经距、纬距、标高。采样点附近要作详细的地质编录。 3.2.3 用全巷法采样(•即采取采样巷道中从煤层顶板至底板的全部煤炭)时，如采出煤炭数量太多，可用四分法缩取。 3.2.4 应尽量使用打眼放炮法采取煤样，特别松散的煤层也可用手镐落煤。 3.2.5 煤样中应包括开采的夹矸和自然混入的伪顶、伪底板矸石。除设计部门要求分层采样者外，一般采s取全层样。 3.2.6 应在同一地点用刻槽法采取煤层煤样和简选样。 3.3 简选样可在坑道中专门采取或从煤层煤样中缩取，•煤样重量不少于40千克。也可从钻孔中采取，煤样重量按煤层厚薄分别规定为:薄煤层不少于5千克，中厚煤层应大于5-13千克，厚煤层13千克以上(计算煤样重量时均不包括厚度>0.01米的夹矸和伪顶、底板岩石)。 薄煤层可用人工斜孔或加大孔径等措施增加煤样数量，有条件时也可用相邻两孔合并采样。 简选样的煤芯采取质量应达到《煤田勘探钻孔工程质量标准》规程优质级。 与煤层同时开采的厚度小于0.3米的夹矸，•应与煤层 aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require6 合并进行简易筛分和浮沉试验。 3.4 小于0.5毫米煤粉的筛分、浮沉试验样，可从原煤筛分样缩取，重量为0.5-1.0千克。 3.5 小于0.5毫米煤粉的浮选试验样，从原煤筛分样中缩取，重量为5千克(或按试验部门要求的重量送验)。 3.6 简选样的煤粉不足筛分、浮沉和浮选试验用量时，•可用同一煤层2-3件简选样的煤粉合并进行。 煤样存放时应密封包装。 3.7 煤岩可选性鉴定样，由实验室从煤层煤样、煤芯煤样或可选性试验煤样中缩取，粒度小于1.5毫米，重量为10-30克。 3.8 煤的泥化试验样，从可选性试验煤样或煤层煤样中制取，粒度为100-13毫米，重量为150千克。试样应密封包装。并将煤层夹矸及伪顶底板岩性、厚度填入送样说明书。 煤的泥化试验样，必须同时作煤岩组分鉴定。 3.9 煤矸石的泥化试验样(指采煤时混入原煤的泥质岩伪顶、伪底及夹矸)，可用下列方法采取: 3.9.1 从筛分、浮沉试验3,6毫米自然级的沉矸中制取。沉矸比重烟煤为+1.8，无烟煤为+2.0。沉矸中的黄铁矿、非泥质岩和其他杂物应拣出。 3.9.2 在坑道中用刻槽法采取。 3.9.3 在岩芯中采取伪顶、伪底和夹矸。 样品粒度应为3,6毫米，重量0.5千克以上，均应密封包装。 3.10 可选性试验煤样在运输和存放过程中，应避免日 upon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and s7 光和风雨影响，防止不正常的破碎、损失和杂质混入。从采样到试验结束不得超过30天。 3.11 散煤容重、静止角和摩擦角的测定，可用筛分前的原煤和筛分后各粒级产品分别进行，不需单独采样。 4、专门性试验煤样 4.1 200千克焦炉炼焦试验煤样，一般从坑道内用刻槽法采取。刻槽规格应根据煤层的可采厚度和送样重量确定，也可以从可选性试验煤样中缩取。 煤样重量根据试验确定。•进行单种煤试验时，•需送精煤250千克，或相当于250千克精煤的原煤。进行配煤试验时，其重量应根据配煤比和试验次数确定。 采样时应同时采取煤层煤样，以便测定一般项目。 4.2 抗碎强度试验煤样，一般在坑道中采取。•根据煤层结构和煤岩类型，按比例选取粒度为60-100毫米的块煤的，其数量按测定方法确定。用25千克的测定法，煤样重量约为50千克;用10•块法测定时应不少于20块。 4.3 风氧化带煤样，•一般在沿煤层倾向开掘的斜井中采取。从露头开始沿坑道向深部每隔5-10米采样1个(煤层倾角小于25•?者用10米间距，倾角大于25?者用5米间距)，当接近氧化带下界时采样间距缩小为1-2米，达正常 aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require8 煤后再超前5-10米。•每个采样点均需测量距地表的垂深。 煤样用刻槽法采取，在较薄的煤层中可从顶到底取全层样，在厚煤层中，可只取某一个固定的层段(1米左右)。送样重量3千克以上。 4.4 体重煤样必须在坑道中采取。选择构造正常，•煤层厚度和结构有代表性的地点，先将煤壁表面受氧化的部分剥去，平整工作面，铺好防水布，从煤层顶板至底板刻取13米左右的体积，样槽各壁必须平整，互相垂直，样槽宽度不得大于深度的两倍。 厚煤层可按煤的自然分层或人工分层分别采取，分层厚度一般不大于3.5米。 厚度大于0.05米的夹矸一律选除。 准确丈量样槽的12个边长，计算其体积。用同一方法计算厚度大于0.05米的夹矸体积。如夹矸形状不规则，可将夹矸浸入水中，测出其体积。 准确称出空气干燥状态的全部煤样重量。也可在井下称出全部湿煤重量，从中缩取20千克左右运至室内风干后再称重(精确到0. 1千克)，求出风干前后重量的差值，即蒸发的水分。然后按比例减去湿样的水分，即为风干煤重量。这份煤样作工业分析用。 以样槽体积(不包括厚度大于0.05米夹矸的体积)除以33风干煤重量，即为煤的体重值，单位:吨/米(t/m)。 同一采样点应取两份规格相近的体重样，其测值之差不3得大于0.05吨/米。超过时应再采第三份样。符合允许差的规定后，取其 (两分样或三份样)平均值。 4.5 全水分煤样应在坑道中选择无淋水、•温度正常的 der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon 9 新鲜煤面，按GB482,79《煤层煤样采取方法》采取，•或利用筛分浮沉煤样、生产煤样按四分法缩取。粒度小于13毫米，样重不少于2千克，•装入磨口样瓶中(装样量不得超过煤样瓶容积的3/4)。煤样缩分、装瓶必须在采样地点尽快完成，并立即用黑胶布缠封，运至室内再加蜡封。擦净容器表面，准确称重(称重用托盘天平，感重0.1克)•，瓶上贴好标签(表3)，5天内送交实验室。 表3 煤样编号 采样地点 (矿名、开采水平、巷道编号) 勘 探 区 样重(kg) (瓶重、净重、总重) 采 样 年 月 日 煤 层 号 采送日期 送 样 采 样 人 采样单位 5、煤岩煤样 5.1 反映正常煤质情况的煤岩煤样，其采样点应避开断裂带、风氧化带、岩浆岩接触带、自然烘烤变质带等非正常地带。仅作显微组分定量的煤样可以在氧化带内采取。有特殊研究目的的煤岩煤样，需在特定地点专门采取。 e control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick requirearation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfa10 5.2 采样时，要对采样点的煤层结构、煤的物理性质、宏观煤岩类型和顶底板岩性及附近的构造特征等进行详细描述。 5.3 煤岩煤样可分为混合煤样、柱状煤样和块状煤样。 混合煤样可从煤层煤样、煤芯煤样和可选性煤样中缩制。 柱状煤样可从探槽及坑道中采取，其方法是:先清理煤壁使之平整，从顶板到底板画两条间隔10厘米左右的垂线，挖掉两条垂线外侧的煤，深5-10厘米，使其成为具有三个自由面的煤柱体，套上三面木箱，将煤柱体打下。煤层厚度很大时，可分段采取。夹石处理原则同煤芯煤样。 结构完好的柱状煤芯，可作为柱状煤岩样。 当煤质坚硬时，可用连续块状煤样代替柱状煤样。 如果煤芯及坑道内煤层不适宜采柱状煤样，可拣取不连续块煤作煤岩煤样。煤块规格一般不小于10×5×5厘米。各煤块需注明上下方向，并顺序编号。煤块数量根据煤层厚度、煤岩类型确定。 6、孢粉煤样 6.1 确定地质时代的孢粉煤样，可利用煤层煤样、•煤芯煤样或在煤层露头处垂深1米以下采取的煤样。 -us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep11 6.2 用于对比煤层的孢粉样，除在煤层中采取外，•还要在煤层的顶底板距煤层1米的范围内，各采岩样1-2块。 为了研究煤层的分岔、合并、尖灭等变化情况，可在煤层中采取块段煤样。当煤厚小于1.3米时，可等距离采取2-3块;•煤厚为1.3-3.5米时，每间隔0.5米采一块;煤厚大于3.5米时，每间隔1米采一块。 6.3 孢粉样采样点应避开断裂带、风化带、岩浆岩接触带、自燃烘烤变质带等非正常地带。 6.4 样品应自上而下依次编号，严防次序颠倒。 样品不得混装，应一样一袋，且应密封包装，以防止不同层位的煤末、岩粉、现代花粉及其他杂质混入。 6.5 孢粉样的重量和块度规格: 粉煤样重量不少于100克。 坑道采取的块段煤样为5×5×5厘米;煤芯中采取的块段样，一般垂直层理厚度为5厘米。 顶底板岩样，在坑道采样的刻槽规格为5×5×5厘米，岩芯中采样取其垂直层理厚度为10厘米。 7、煤样的包装、保存和煤样说明书 7.1 煤样的包装方法、保存时间，应根据煤的性质、试验要求和运送距离等因素确定。一般要求如下: aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require12 7.1.1 煤芯煤样应用结实洁净的塑料袋包装，然后依次放入塑料煤样箱或铁筒内待运。 煤芯煤样从采样到送达实验单位的时间应不超过下列规定: 褐 煤 5天 烟 煤 10天 无烟煤 15天 用体积适宜的密闭防锈铁筒，以胶布缠口、蜡封或焊封等方法密封包装的煤样，放置时间可稍延长。 7.1.2 可选性试验煤样(筛分样、浮沉样和总样)，从筛分结束到送达实验室在10天以内者，可用结实洁净的塑料袋包装并外套木箱;如10天内不能送达实验室，则必须用铁筒密封包装。 7.1.3 专门性试验煤样，一般应用洁净麻袋或木箱(•内衬塑料布)包装。抗碎强度试验煤样应在木箱或铁筒内垫以清洁软纸，以防煤块破碎。从采样到送达实验室的时间不得超过10天。 7.1.4 煤样包装好后，须立即将煤样编号标签贴在煤样箱(袋)上，注明“共×箱第×箱”等字样。 7.2 勘探队一般不保存留样。煤芯煤样、煤层煤样、•煤岩煤样、孢粉煤样等，由实验单位保存分析样(或煤片)。保存时间自报出试验结果之日起，一般为半年，即至该样所有试验项目质量审查合格为止。 7.3 煤样说明书应按规定内容逐项认真填写，一式三份。•一份用塑料纸包好放入煤样袋内，一份寄交实验室单位，一份由送样单位保存。要求字迹清晰，数据准确，并应 nning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conss13 由煤质负责人审查、签字。 填写煤样说明书(表4)应注意以下几点: 7.3.1 煤样编号要系统、简单，不重复。按钻孔从上而下顺序编号，分层样号应有所区别。 7.3.2 煤样粒度，未缩分写“自然粒度”，缩分后写“小于×毫米”或“×-×毫米”。 7.3.3 煤样重量指送样重量。 7.3.4 采样方法指取煤管(型号)、单岩芯管(内径)、井壁刮煤、放炮取芯及刻槽法、拣块法等。 7.3.5 煤样状况指煤心结构是否清楚，污染程度，磨烧情况及处理办法。 7.3.6 试验项目应按勘探设计要求和煤样实际状况填写。 7.3.7 筛分、浮沉试验煤样应说明采样方法(全巷法、抽车法、胶带输送机上截取等)、采煤方法、伪顶伪底及夹矸的岩性、厚度，矸石混入情况及井下是否人工拣矸等。 7.3.8 煤层柱状图应包括从顶至底的全层厚度(指钻探厚度)，注明采样位置及样品编号。 附录 煤的肉眼描述 一、煤层结构 1、结构简单:一般为没有夹矸的单一煤层，或偶有1-2 aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require14 层夹矸，层位固定，厚度稳定，岩性变化不大，一般容易对比。 2、结构中等:一般有2-3层夹矸，层位较固定，厚度较稳定，岩性无大变化，对比较容易。 3、结构复杂:一般有3层或者更多的夹矸、层位、厚度及岩性有变化。层位对比困难。 二、煤层与顶底板的接触关系 1、明显接触 2、过渡接触 3、冲刷拉触 三、煤岩组分和煤岩类型 1、煤岩组分 镜煤:镜煤是煤中光泽最强，颜色最深的部分，质地均匀如玻璃，断口呈贝壳状。内生裂隙发育，性最脆，易破碎成棱角状碎块。镜煤与其他煤岩组分的界线分明。 亮煤:亮煤的光泽强度、内生裂隙发育程度、质地均一性、脆性等方面都亚于镜煤。亮煤内部隐约可见微细纹理，常呈不规则的条带状分布。 暗煤:暗煤主要特点是光泽暗淡，比重大，内生裂隙不发育，坚硬，韧性强，不易破碎。为均一结构或粒状结构，一般无微细纹理。多呈不规则的厚薄不等的条带状分布。 丝炭:丝炭具有明显的纤维状结构和丝绢光泽，外表象木炭，易染手。丝炭疏松多孔隙、易碎。如果其空腔被矿物质充填，称为矿化丝炭。矿化丝炭坚硬，比重大。丝炭多呈透镜状夹层分布，厚数毫米，1厘米以上的丝炭层少见。 2、煤岩类型 us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-15 在同一煤层煤柱中，根据煤的平均光泽强度，煤岩成分的含量和组合情况划分出四种宏观煤岩类型，作为肉眼观察煤的单位。 光亮型煤:光泽最强，主要由亮煤和镜煤组成，可夹有暗煤和丝炭的透镜体或薄层。一般条带结构不明显，近似均一结构，内生裂隙发育，脆度较大，常具贝壳状和眼球状断口。 半亮型煤:光泽较强，主要为亮煤与夹于其中的镜煤、暗煤、丝炭等薄层或透镜体交互而成。条带状结构明显，常具棱角状或参差状断口，性脆。 半暗型煤:光泽较弱，主要为暗煤。亮煤、丝炭呈条带或透镜体互层，有时比较均匀，只夹一些镜煤的细线理。比较坚硬，断口呈参差状，条带状结构明显，内生裂隙不发育。 暗淡型煤:光泽暗淡，主要由暗煤构成，偶夹镜煤和丝炭的透镜体或线理状夹层。常呈粒状、均一状、线理状结构，多为块状构造。坚硬、韧性大，内生裂隙不发育，常为棱角状或参差状断口。 四、结构和构造 1、结构 条带状结构:煤的组成部分相互交替成条带状，向一个方向延伸。多见于中变质的烟煤，褐煤中不明显。按条带宽窄又分为: 宽条带状 大于5毫米 中条带状 3-5毫米 细条带状 1-3毫米 线 理 状 小于1毫米 aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require16 均一状结构:煤的组成部分较单纯、均匀。多见于腐泥煤、腐植腐泥煤和腐植煤的光亮型煤。 木质结构:煤的外表具有木质组织的结构。褐煤中常见，有时也见于低变质烟煤中。 纤维状结构:为丝炭所特有的结构，似细长的纤维束向一个方面延长。 粒状结构:煤表面粗糙，由大量稳定组分或矿物质所造成。常见于半暗型或暗淡型煤。 叶片状结构:煤的断面表现为许多薄片。多见于某些残植煤，如角质残植煤。 透镜状结构:镜煤、丝炭或粘土矿物、黄铁矿等呈透镜体薄层夹于半暗型煤、暗淡型煤中。 2、构造 层状构造:层理是煤层的主要构造标志。凡具有水平层理、水平波状层理和斜波状层理的称层状构造。 块状构造:煤的外表致密均一，不显层理的称块状构造。多见于腐泥煤和腐植腐泥煤，某些暗淡型煤也具有块状构造。 煤在各种方式的应力作用下，受破坏而形成构造煤。它可为煤层的一部分，也可为全煤层。构造煤发育有密集的近于平行的劈理和强烈的层间揉皱构造，大多数失去原生结构，而具有碎裂状、砂糖状、土状、鳞片状、并有揉皱镜面等特殊结构特点。构造煤一般松散易碎，手捻即可成煤粉。 构造煤按其破碎程度可分为三种: 碎裂煤:与上下分层整合接触，煤被密集的相互交叉的裂隙切割成碎块，碎块保持尖棱角状，互相之间没有大的位 hipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuo17 移，仅在剪性裂隙表面煤被磨成细粉。煤岩类型界线清晰，原生条带结构断续可见。 碎粒煤:煤已破碎成粒状，大部分颗粒已磨去棱角并重新压紧。光泽暗淡，构造镜面发育。为统一描述起见，规定其主要粒级在1毫米以上，与上下分层呈构造不整合接触。 糜棱煤:这种煤是在强烈形变和发生塑性流动下造成的。已破碎成细粒状并重新压紧。肉眼常可见流动构造，如长条状颗粒的定向排列等。糜棱煤光泽暗淡，构造揉皱镜面发育。规定主要粒度在1毫米以下。与上下分层呈构造不整合接触。 构造煤按其受构造变动所产生的形态特征有下列几种: 揉皱煤:由煤的条带状结构形成强烈的小褶皱称为揉皱煤。 鳞片煤:煤受破碎再压紧形成片理，貌似鱼鳞，其颗粒可是碎粒状或糜棱状。鳞片方向往往斜穿层理。 镜面和揉皱镜面:由于塑性流动的结果，常使大量镜面状的擦光面发生揉皱。反映塑性流动的流层以磨光镜面相隔，流层方向常与层理斜交。镜面可同时产生在煤层伪顶、底板，及夹矸、包裹体、结核等的接触面上。 五、颜色 褐色、深褐色、黑褐色; 黑色、深黑色、灰黑色; 深灰色。 六、条痕色 浅褐色、黄褐色、褐黑色; 黑色、深黑色、灰黑色; -ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick requirearation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep18 灰色。 七、光泽 弱沥青光泽、沥青光泽、强沥青光泽; 弱玻璃光泽、玻璃光泽、强玻璃光泽; 金刚光泽; 似金属光泽。 八、硬度和坚硬程度 1、硬度 指用标准矿物刻划煤所测定的相对硬度。在各种煤岩组分中，暗煤比亮煤和镜煤硬。煤化程度低的褐煤和焦煤的硬度最小，•约2-2.5，无烟煤的硬度最大，接近4。 2、坚硬程度 指煤抗外力敲击的强度。可分为三级: 坚硬:用地质锤敲击，煤块一般不破碎。 半坚硬:用地质锤敲击，煤可破碎成小块。 松软:用手捻即可使煤块变形或成煤粉。 九、断口: 贝壳状断口:形如贝壳。在腐泥煤、光亮煤和无烟煤中常见。是均匀煤的特征。 眼球状断口:煤的断裂面上呈圆形或椭圆形似眼球状的表面，常见于均一且脆度较大的镜煤中。 阶梯状断口:由两组以上的裂隙面相交而成，形似阶梯，在条带状烟煤中常见。 canci 参差状断口:煤表面凹凸不平。 棱角状断口:由几个破碎面相交而成，呈棱角状。在不均一的亮煤中常见。 nning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conss19 平坦状断口:断面平整光滑。 十、裂隙 1、内生裂隙 主要出现在较均匀致密的煤分层中，垂直或大致垂直层理面。裂隙面平坦，常伴有眼球状断口，有时为矿物薄膜充填。裂隙面常成相互垂直或斜交的两组，一组较密，一组较稀。 2、外生裂隙 可出现在煤层任何部位，并同时穿过几个分层，可以不同角度斜交层理面。裂隙面上有各种波纹状、羽毛状滑动痕迹，可以为次生矿物或煤屑充填。 外生裂隙有时沿着内生裂隙发生，使之深化。主要外生裂隙组的方向常与附近断层方向一致。 煤沿裂隙发生破裂，常构成板状、柱状、立方体状、平行六面体状等几何形态。 描述裂隙时，用X/5cm来表示在5厘米的长度内裂隙的条数。 十一、包裹体 包裹体是指泥炭层在堆积过程中，由于水流的搬运。而混入的泥质岩、粉砂岩、炭质泥岩或石英岩、花岗岩等的碎块。例如漂砾即是。 应记录包裹体的岩性和长短轴大小。 十二、结核 煤层中常见有黄铁矿质、白铁矿质、方解石质、白云石质、菱铁矿质及硅质等不同矿物成分的结核。 结核外形有透镜状、球状、瘤状、豆状、鲕状等等。 film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick requirearation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into20 记录其岩性、长短轴大小、以及与层理面的关系(平行、垂直或斜交)。 “煤核”系指煤层或煤层底板中经矿化的植物遗体，一般保存有十分完整的植物组织结构。 十三、动植物化石 记录植物化石的根、茎、叶部及不完整动物化石的所属部位，化石所在层位。 动物化石要求鉴定到“类”，完整植物化石鉴定到“属”。 十四、绘制煤层柱状图 柱状图比例尺一般为1:50或1:100。 图中应包括孔号、煤层号、孔深、煤层结构，分层厚度、宏观煤岩类型及其厚度、构造煤夹层(•如全层均为构造煤则不再划分煤岩类型)、包裹体、结核、动植物化石所在部位等。 几种图例规定如下: 《煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程》执行说明 1、《煤炭资源勘探煤样采取规程》总则中指出:本规程是根据《煤炭资源地质勘探规范》对煤质工作的要求而编制 us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conssnning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-21 的各类煤样采取方法，说明二者的主从关系。《规程》只讲采样方法。而采样目的，采样点布置和试验项目等已在《规范》中有原则规定。对于各种项目的试验方法和质量标准，如筛分、浮沉试验、容重测定等，均应按照国家标准或部标准执行，不在本《规程》中重述。 2、“煤样的代表性”具体体现在《煤田勘探钻孔工程质量标准》煤芯采取的三条规定中，达到“合格”以上的则认为煤样有代表性，“不合格”的则没有代表性。 3、特厚煤层，一般指真厚?8米的煤层点，•急倾斜特厚煤层，指煤层倾角?60?的特厚煤层点。 高灰分煤层，即经肉眼鉴定，估计灰分在40%左右的煤层点。 4、有专门研究目的的煤芯煤样，一般指下列各种情况: (1)从岩浆岩接触带上采取的，•以研究岩浆侵入对煤质影响程度的煤样。 (2)从煤层自燃烧变烘烤带采取的，•以研究自燃对煤质影响程度和范围的煤样; (3)从构造破碎带采取的，•以研究构造对煤质影响程度和范围的煤样; (4)以寻找煤层对比标志为目的的分层煤样; (5)以研究微量元素分布规律和富集程度为目的的分层煤样; (6)以研究风氧化带厚度(深度)为目的的分层煤样; (7)为配合测井解释而采取的分层煤样; (8)为其他专门研究目的而采取的煤样。 5、凡从煤层煤样、煤芯煤样中制取的一些试验项目所 aration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfae control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick require22 需的煤样，如热稳定性、煤对CO反应性、结渣性、可磨性、2 煤尘爆炸性、煤的燃点及煤中微量元素等等试验用煤样，采样方法均无特殊区别，有的仅有粒度和重量要求，故不再单列章节或条目。 6、简易可选性试验，在未颁发国家标准或部标准之前，原则上应按GB477-87《煤炭筛分试验方法》和GB478-87《煤炭浮沉试验方法》进行。粒度分级为13-6、6-3、3-0.5、<0.5四级。如因煤样较少，经主管部门同意后，可减少筛分粒级，简化试验流程。 简易可选性试验质量标准与筛分、浮沉试验标准相同。 7、小于0.5毫米的煤粉按部标准MT58-81《煤粉筛分试验方法》和MT57-81《煤泥浮沉试验方法》试验。 8、煤的泥化试验、矸石的泥化试验按部标准MT109-85《煤和矸石的泥化试验方法》进行。 9、各种半工业性试验煤样，一般用量为数十吨至上千吨，必须在矿井中采取。采样、运输及试验成本很高。因此，这类试验应该在煤的加工利用方向已基本确定的前提下进行，一般不属于资源勘探的工作内容。 10、采取筛分、浮沉试验煤样和各种半工业性试验煤样，必须编制单项采样设计。其主要内容如下: (1)煤层层位，采样地点，是否利用某生产矿井(小窑)•或新开掘坑道采样; (2)探巷工程量，开拓方式、采样件数和煤样数量、运输方式; (3)试验单位、试验地点、试验起止日期; (4)试验流程(图)、化验、试验项目和其他特殊要求; nning ahead of time comes intoaration 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, plafilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-us water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thinntinuohipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of coapproval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and supon der high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete un grees,aken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 deility, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be tstab temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength,easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to rying,truction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast dummer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete conss23 (5)所需各种设备、工具和材料名称、数量预计; (6)采样、运输、化验、试验等项经费预算; (7)采样、试验技术力量配备、技术负责人。 11、在掩盖区、利用煤芯煤样的分析结果来测定煤层风氧化带厚度(深度)，其样品的采取和一般煤芯煤样相同，故《规程》正文中未专列条目。 12、从煤芯煤样中测定煤的视比重(容重)，按国家标准GB6949-86《煤炭视比重测定方法》进行。该标准所用煤样是从煤芯煤样或煤层煤样中缩制的，废除了沿袭多年的选块法。因此，《规程》中未专列《煤芯煤样容重样采取方法》的条目。 13、瓦斯煤样的采取按部标准MT77-84•《煤层瓦斯含量和成分测定方法》进行采样、野外解吸和质量评定。本规程中不再重述。 14、煤层煤样按国家标准GB482-79《煤层煤样的采取方法》进行。 e control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengC. timance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. th the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performB. wi re control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees.es, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperaturocessaytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing ph, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring dtrengtn concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early ss sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact osummer of masonry construction, brick requirearation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes intofilm wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction prep-ing and covering thince drythen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surfa24