于无声处听惊雷

于无声处听惊雷 ——浅谈如何从课题入手进行阅读教学 教者:杨明林 题目是一篇文章的眼睛～我们往往能够透过这双‚眼睛?窥视到文章的思路、中心和内容。在阅读教学中～我们可以从课题入手～发挥这双‚眼睛?的作用～帮助学生理解课文～学习课文。下面我以小学语文第十册的课文为例～谈谈我在教学中的做法。 一、从课题的类型入手～了解课文内容 这册书的课题可粗略地分为下面的几种类型: ,1,用地点作题目的有:《小站》、《大理石街》、《记金华的 双龙洞》、《蟋蟀的住宅》、《可爱的草塘》。 ,2,以上人物作为课题的有:《我的伯父鲁迅先生》、《挑山工》、 《齐天大圣》、《老水牛爷爷》。 ,用相关联的人或物作为题目的有:《渔夫和金鱼的故事》、,3 《蛇和庄稼》、《我和狮子》。 ,4,用动物作为题目的有《燕子》、《缝纫鸟》。 ,5,用景物、景观作为题目的有:《鸟的天堂》、《火烧云》、 《威尼斯的小艇》。 ,6,用物件作为题目的有:《神秘的小坦克》。 ,7,以事件作为题目的有:《跳水》、《抢险》、《飞夺泸定桥》、 《草船借箭》。 ,8,用拟人手法命题的有:《灰尘的旅行》。 教师指导学生弄清题目的类型～有助于他们了解课文～有助 于他们对同类型题目的课文进行比较学习。 二、从课题的重点词语入手～抓住文章关键～学习课文 题目中的重点词语往往暗示着课文的主要内容是什么～教师可以从课题的重点词语入手～抓住文章关键～直奔中心～以主带 次～进行阅读教学。 例如:讲授讲读课文《可爱的草塘》～教师设问:题目中哪个词语是重点词语,再问:课文围绕哪几个方面描写了草塘的可爱,教师要求学生带着这个问题学习课文～在老师的指导下～学生讨论归纳出课文是从‚草塘的景色优美和物产丰富?这两方面写出了草塘的可爱～然后～教师运用感情朗读的方法～指导学生对这些重点内容进行细细品味～读出感情～体会作者对北大荒～ 对草塘的深深喜爱之情。 1 再如:学习新闻记者课文《神秘的小坦克》～教师可这样指导学生自学:题目里哪一个是重点词语,课文中从哪里写出了小 坦克的‚神秘?,你能揭开它‚神秘?之谜吗, 三、从题目的特点入手～猜想文章的思路、中心和内容 例如:学习独立阅读课文《抢险》～教师可以这样指导学生自学:让学生根据《抢险》这个题目～猜一猜课文会写些什么内容～会运用什么写作顺序～会先取哪些地方作为详写～然后学生根据自己的想法去阅读课文～进行对比学习。这样既激发学生的学习兴趣～调动学生的学习积极性～又促使学生通过独立思考～理解了课文内容～弄清作者写作思路和顺序。结合单元训练重点 懂得运用按事情发展顺序写的时候～要抓住重点来写。 又例如:学习阅读课文《老水牛爷爷》教师可以让学生猜一猜?老水牛爷爷‚是不是真名～调动学生的学习兴趣～再指导学 生看书～弄清这个怪名字的来历。 四、分析题目每个词的含义～从文章的思路入手～指导学生阅读～ 简单地说就是‚抓审题～揭思路?。以讲读课文《飞夺泸定桥》为例。 ,1,理解课题每个词的含义。‚飞?在课文中是指抢时间～和敌这赛跑,‚夺?地课文中是指攻天险～夺取,泸定桥是大渡河上的一座桥～红军只有夺取了泸定桥～才能渡过大渡河北上抗日。 ,揭示文章思路～从题目可知:文章是按事情发展顺序来写的～ ,2 先写‚飞?～再写‚夺?。 ,3,整体入手～指导学生按文章的思路进行学习。先讲‚飞?:时间短～距离远～战士和敌军冒雨赛跑,再讲‚夺?:桥险～敌凶～战士冒着枪林弹雨和桥上大火～奋不顾身去夺取泸定桥。 这样通过具体字词的教学～揭示文章思路～既引导学生步步深入理解课文～又掌握了单元的训练重点——‚按事情的发展顺 序来写。? 五、分析比较整个单元的课文题目的特点～从单元训练重点入手 进行学法迁移～学习课文 例如:学习完讲读课文《鸟的天堂》以后～教师可引导学生对该单元的三篇课文的题目进行分析比较～学生发现《鸟的天堂》、《火烧云》、《威尼斯的小艇》都是以景物或景观作为命题的～初步感知这三篇课文都是描写事物,景物、景观,的。教师再结合单元训练重点进行学法指导～让学生运用学习《鸟的天堂》的方法来学习后两篇课文是些怎样进行动态和静态描写的。并帮助学生认识到:要注意观察事物的静态和动态～这样～写文章就可 以把事物描述得生动一些～给读者留下的印象更深刻一些。 2 从课题入手进行阅读教学的方法是多种多样的～有时候是单独采用一种方法～有时候是几种方法综合运用。如果用得好～无疑能起‚于无声处听惊雷?的作用～加深学生对课文的理解～给 学生提供学习课文的线索～以达到 提高课堂教学的效率。 浅谈学法指导的四个环节 教者:杨明林 教育家叶圣陶说过:‚教是为了不教。?因此～教师在教学中不仅要向学生传授书本知识～更重要的是加强学法指导。教会 学生如何学习知识～培养学生的自学能力。那么～在语文教学中如何落实学法指导～培养学生自学的能力呢,我认为学法指导的过程大致可分为以下四个环节。 一、教师示范～展示学法 由于学生的认识规律是感性认识到理性认识～所以上课开始便向学生灌输抽象的学习方法是很难被小学生所接受的。即使接受了也只是机械地记忆～而不是理解～更谈不上应用。因此～学法指导的第一环节应先让学生积累一定的感性认识。即通过教学中的示范性指导～让学生从教师的教学中感知学法～领悟学法。这就要求教师的示范过程必须做到两点:一是教师的教应做到线条明确～层次清楚～便于学生发现和领悟学法。二是教师的教应 做到难易适度～便于学生尝试和运用学法。 如在教学第十册第三课《古诗三首》时～我将第一首诗《江畔独步寻花》作为展示学法的范例。指导学生分五步进行学习:1、初读～读准字音。1,学生自由朗读～注意读准字音。2,指名朗读～纠正春错误读音。3,教师示范朗读～读出诗句的停顿节奏～以唤起学生的注意。4,学生试读～达到能读准字音～会停顿的程度。2、细读～理解字词。1,学生自读诗句～勾画出不理解的字词。2,指导学生运用查字典、联系诗句等方法理解这些字词的意思。3、精读～体会诗意。1,指导学生再读诗句～一边读一边想每句讲的是什么。2,学生逐句讲述诗句意思～要说得通顺、连贯、明白。4、赏读～想象意境。1,再读《江畔独步寻花》～思考诗中描写了哪些景物,这些景物构成了怎样的画面,2,自由朗读～想象诗的意境～体会诗的情感。3,反复朗读～欣赏诗的韵律～感受诗的情趣。5、诵读～背诵诗句。让学生在声情并茂的读书声中再次体味诗的意境～欣赏诗的美感～并能熟领略了诗的意境～同时使学生从这一学习过程中获得了清晰完整的感性认识。为下一 步发现和领悟学法打下了良好的基础。 3 二、回顾小结～归纳学法 通过第一部分的学习～学生积累了一定的感性认识～如果不及时加以指导和归纳～将感性认识上升为理性认识～他们对学习方法的认识就不能深化～也就达不到掌握技能方法的目的。因此～当学生对学业法的感性认识达到一定的程度时～教师要及时引导他们对第一部分的学习过程进行简要回顾。使其从回顾中发现和领悟学法～再用一定的方式指导学生将发现的领悟到的学法归纳 出来。使他们对学法的认识更加清晰和深刻。 如在学完《江畔独步寻花》这首诗后～我就问学生:‚我们刚才是分了几个步骤来学习这首诗的,每一步又是怎样做的,通过回答问题～学生对刚才的学习过程进行回忆思索～把发现和领 司到的学法简明准确地归纳出来。 三、自学实践～运用学法 通过前两个步骤～学生已经领悟和归纳了学法。但学法作为一种方法和本领～不但要靠讲授～靠理解～更重要的是要靠实践活动的训练。只有通过学生的自学实践才能真正掌握学法～也才能使学生的自学能力真正得到培养。所以～领司和归纳学法并不是学法指导的最终目标～而只是一个起始。在此基础上还应给学生自学实践的机会。让学生在尝试过程中运用学法～把学法转化 为自己的东西～进而形成能力。 如在教学第二首古诗《游园不值》时～我就把主动权留给学生～让出人头地通向旬才理解和归纳的学法自学这首诗。在学生自学之前～我用小黑板出示学法～强化学生的意识～防止自学过程的混乱性,同时我还向学生提出相应的要求。这样～学生既明白了学习的方法～又弄清了自学要求～就能按部就班地进行自学。在学生自学焊～教师进行巡视～了解学生的自学情况和是否按上面的方法进行自学。对成绩较差的学生进行指导和点拨～使他们 也能运用学法进行自学～逐步提高自学水平。 学生在学习《游园不值》这首诗时～自己去朗读诗句～分阅读、品味、想象、诵读～在此过程中～学生动脑、动手、动口～使阅读的理解过程与培养学生自学能力有机地结合起来～让理性的学习方法通过实践真正转 化为技能。理实证明～这样做～便学 生的自学能力得到发展和提高～效果很好。 四、检查效果～巩固学法 检查学生的自学效果～这是一个必不可少的环节。通过检查～可以纠正不足,通过检查使学生盾到自己运用学法所取得的成绩～获得成功的满足和喜悦～激发学生运用学法的兴趣。所以在学生自学后～应采取一定的方法检查自学效果～了解学生的自学情况。 4 在教学《游园不值》时～我了以下几个步骤检查自学效果:1、说说下列词语的意思:‚不值?、‚游园不值?、‚应?、‚怜?、‚屐齿?、‚苍苔?、‚小扣?、‚柴扉?。2、作者未能进园赏花～但他并不扫兴～你从哪里看出来,3、图文结合～讲述诗的意思～体会诗中的思想感情。4、感情朗读和诵背全诗。在检查过程中～允许学生发现不同意见～并善于用‚不同?去效地促使他们独立思考、评议、争论和互相启发。然后～再让学生根据学法继续自学、检查～使学生真正地掌握学习古诗的一般方法和步骤～ 同时培养了学生的自学能力。 当然文体不同。学习的方法也不同。不论是学习古诗还是其他课文～都有各自不同的学习方法～教师要善于把握各类文体特点～在教学中加强学法指导～切实培养学生的自学能力～这是时 代发展的要求和素质教育的需要。 以读带说～以说促理解～促进学生思维发展 教者:杨明林 《九年义务教育语文教学大纲》要求:‚从一所级起就应指导学生正确、流利、有感情地朗读～注意培养朗读兴趣?。由此可见小学语文教学就是训练学生读书能力的过程之一。古人云‚读书百遍～其义自见?～‚读得熟则不待解说?～‚熟读唐诗三百首～不会做诗也会吟。?那么地低年级的学生来说～特别是一年级的学生如何进行引读说训练呢,我在教学中进行了‚以读带说～以说促理解～促进学生思维发展?的试验。收到一定效果～下面 浅谈认识和做法。 一、多读少讲～在读得准确、流利上下功夫 一节课将大量的时间让学生读书～借助汉语拼音让学生自己读出汉字的读音～然后个别检查～看年进否读得准确～对比较容易读错字正音。注意做到教师少讲～让学生多读～以读为训练的主要形式～整堂课都听到琅琅的读书声。我要求学生在读书时要读准每一个字音～做到不减字、不添字、不改字、不重复、不颠倒、停顿恰当、不顿读、不唱读～做到心到、口到、眼到～总之在‚准确?、‚流利?上下功夫。通过一年的训练～我班学生在读课文时能做到读得正确、流利、有感情、发音准确、声音亮、 按句逗停顿不唱读。 二、重视范读、领读～读中领会语言文字的意思及思想感情 5 心理学研究表明:初入学儿童自控能力差～注意力维持时间短～单一的朗读形式容易使学生疲劳和厌倦。所以我根据不同的训练内容和目的要求～有针对性的采用自由读、个别读、小组读、集体读、分角色读、老师范读、领读等～力求学生百读不厌～每读一次都有收获。而儿童的模仿性又很强～教师作适当的、及时的范读和领读是不可缺少的。在范读我注意把感情、语气以及音调的高低～速度的快慢示范给学生。例如～我教《小竹排在画中游》一课时～是这样领读的～先用轻松的语气～节奏较慢的语调领读的‚小竹排～顺水流?～将学生带入诗的意境,接着欢早地领读‚鸟儿唱～鱼儿游?～用声音渲染快乐的气氛,领读‚两岸树木密～禾苗绿油油～?则用欣喜的语气诱发学生对景物喜爱之情,最后充满激情地高声朗读‚江南鱼米乡～小竹排在画中游～?将学生的情绪推向高潮。跟随老师的领读～学生读着读着情不自禁地陶醉了～一个个犹如置身于美丽的江南鱼米之乡～亲身感受着那里风景如画～鸟语花香的动人美景。实践证明:学生十分喜欢听以及模仿老师范读～教师的朗读示范作用发挥得越好～学生的朗读水平就提高得快～教师的正确领读～将无声的书面的语言变成了富有感情色彩的口头语言～学生在跟读中不但能领会文意～ 展开想象～体验情感～而且能学会断句～纠正方言。 三、以读带说～以说促理解 一年级的学生～语言正处在发展阶段～掌握的语言材料不多～不易完整地表达他们的意思～更难回答老师提出的问题。我先引导学生读出课文中的语句～在反复熟读的基础上～再教给他们按照回答问题的形式用文中的语句引导回答。这样学生回答问题表达得确切～说得流利～畅通～帮助学生在读流利的基础上理解课文内容～又在理解课文内容基础上进行说的训练～做到朗读与理解课文内容有机结合～读说相得益彰。如我教《三只白鹤》时～先向学生提出:哪只白鹤找到鱼呢,为什么只有第三只白鹤才找到鱼～而另外两只白鹤为什么找不到鱼,我让学生先读课文～找出课文中三只白鹤为了记住埋鱼地方用什么作标记～然后让学生通过思考再回答:,1,三只白鹤在什么时候埋鱼,,中午～太阳在正在头顶,它们找鱼又在什么时候,,第二天～太阳刚刚升起～在东边,。,2,第一只白鹤找到鱼吗,,太阳的位置变了～找不到,。,3,第二只白鹤又能找到鱼吗,,白云在天空中不断飘动着～位置不断地移动,,4,第三只把鱼埋在柳树旁～位置是固定的～所以～只有第三只才能在原来的地方找到鱼。以问促读～问读结合～读中有思～让学生带着问题读书思考～读而后答～教学中所设计的问题一定要有利于学生的读说训练～以读带说～以说 6 促理解。这样提高了说的能力～促进了学生学思维的发展。 四、读说促进学生思维发展 学生朗读时、耳、口、脑多种感官密切配合～迅速协调～注意力高度集中～把书面文字转化为有声语言这个复合感知过程～能开拓思维～激发情感。训练说的过程～让学生读出文中语句～帮助学生组织思维～把对局面文字的感知和情感联系来理解课文～再现情境～意会内涵。如教《种鱼》一课时～我设计了这样的问题:,1,小猫种鱼～能收到鱼吗,,齐答:不能。,,2,小猫种鱼为什么收不到鱼,它怎样做才能收到鱼,很多学生都争着发言～有的说:‚小猫应该把鱼养在鱼塘里就能收到鱼。?有的说‚鱼不能种在地里～应该养在水里。?有的说:‚小猫把鱼养在水池里就能收到鱼。?让学生通过读课文～认真思考～引导学生用完整、准确、通顺的句子回答～将范文的语言内化为学生自己的语言～使学生加深对语言文字和课文的内容的理解～逐步使口 语化～发展语言～促进学生思维发展。 语言积累是提高语文素质的重要手段 教者:杨明林 根据二十一世纪人才素质要求～语文素质应包括四大方面:1,要求学生既能迅速而有效地理解评议文字接受信息～不断提高文化科学水平～进行思想交流。2,要学会做人～要有良好的性格高尚的思想、品德、情操,要勇于克服困难～迎接挑战。3,要有中国和世界优秀文化的积累及正确的审美观念～形成文明的素质。4,要有良好的思维品质。可见～语文素质的内涵是非常丰富的。但最突出的表现便是在人类交往过程中的听说读写的能力。无论是口说～还是笔写～都是要通过对其加以组织而成的～反过来说～能否听懂别人的,能否在阅读中迅速抓住文章的要点～也都是以自身的语言储存为基础的。只有不断熟悉语言～积累语言～才能把古今中外的语言精华据为己有。因此～在小学语文教学中～语言积累的指导是不容忽视的～只有这样～才能为学生语文素质的全 面提高 打下坚实的基础。 一、强化熟读背诵～在诵读中积累语言 《教育心理学》指出:‚在儿童的记忆仓库中～丰富的语言材料的储备～是理解和运用语言能力的必要条件～也是提高思维能力和智能活动水平的基础。这个‘储备’的手段～就是背诵。不背诵是不会将规范的书面语言‘植入’记忆的仓库～内化为自 7 己的语言的。?但纵观多年来～语文教学采和的却是‚以理解为目标～以讲解为手段?的阅读模式。为了理争得深透～老师唯有不停地讲～岂不知越讲解得多～教学效率就越低下～其主要症结就地于违反了‚背诵?这一学习语言的基本规律。所以～我认为～现代语文教学模式取而代之的应该是‚以掌握祖国的语言为目的～以熟读背诵为手段。?为了强化这一手段我采取了以下三条措施: 1、阅读教学淡化内容分析～加强朗读、背诵训练。 语文教学时着重在熟读课文上下功夫,在记忆常用词语～名言警句上下功夫,在背诵诗文佳作上下功夫。一课书教完了～通过检查是否读熟、是否能把该背诵的地方背诵出来～作为评价自 己教学成败的首要标准。 2、增加课本中的背诵量。 就现用的教材来看～不论是寓理于事的寓言故事～意境优美的散文～还是含蓄隽永的诗歌～都是学生语言积累的优秀范文～但教材中要背诵的地方却为数不多。以小语第九册为例～要求背诵的课文中涉及到7篇～共1090字～平均每天背诵却不足10个字。这是多么令人惋惜的数字:所以我除了落实课本的背诵量～每单元还挑选3—4个妙语佳句、精彩片断让学生熟读成诵～并把 增加的部分列入考核之列。 3、每学期补充八篇左右的诗文和现代中外名篇～要求学生在粗知大意的基础上背下来。一代伟人毛泽东酷爱读书～许多名篇熟读成诵。江泽民总书记访日进～主人问他访问的结果怎样。他顺口吟诵了李清照的《如梦令》:‚昨夜风疏雨骤……?这两例～不正从一个侧面印证了‚背诵古诗文和名篇受益不浅?吗,现用教材虽有精选部分古诗文和中外名篇～但数量太少了～所以我有计划地给学生提供一定数量的篇目～让学生博闻强记。久而久之～ 学习对语言的运用就得心应手了。 二、抓好课外阅读～在博览中积累语言 博览～能给大脑皮层形成多侧面的语言刺激～而在阅读过程中～能再次强化大脑皮层已有的语言信息～使大脑中业已形成的联系系统更为完整、严密。因此～我除了上好阅读课外还注意指导学生开展课外阅读～让学生从大量的课外阅读中汲取养料。我 采取了以下四方面的措施: 1、指导学生精心选择读物。 语文课外阅读活动。目标尚在起步阶段～一套完善的语文课外阅读教材仍未问世～所以～作为小学语文教师～有责任～也有必要指导学生选择课外读物～使其在读中积累语言。我是从三方面引导学生的:1,省编的《小学业生阅读文选》与教材配套～便 8 于学生迁移自学～是阅读的好材料。2,订阅少儿刊报。我根据学生的年龄特点～除要求他们人人订阅《中国少年报》、《小学生周报》和《小学生优秀作文》外～还推荐了一些优秀的刊物让学生自行订阅～并组织学生交换阅读。3,结合学校、班级开展的主 题活动组织学生到图书馆、书店借阅。 2、指导学生养成‚不动笔墨不读书?的良好习惯。 俗语云:‚好脑瓜比不上烂笔头。?学生读的东西不少～但是真正留在记忆中的却不多。指导学生写读书笔记～不失为一种好办法。读书笔记立足于读～落实于记。就类型而言～包括摘录好词好句、编写写作提纲和写读后感。写读后感是属于创造性读记～它使阅读活动由被动接受变为主动探究～调动了学生的思维、 想象用情感活动的有效参与。 3、给学生展示‚才华?的机会。 在大量的课外阅读中～学生增长了知识～开阔了眼界～掌握了许多的精妙词句～他们就非常渴望自己的努力得到别人的肯定。所以我给学生提供尽量多的机会让他们展示‚才华?。我的做法 ,每周星期六的语文活动课～便让它成为学生们表演的舞台。是1 活动谭的形式多种多样～比如‚词句接力赛?、‚美文欣赏会?、‚朗诵擂台赛?等。2,在班上的学习园地中～我专门开辟了‚读书?专栏～其中设有‚采蜜集?和‚知识角?等小栏目～发动学生把课外阅读中学业到的精词妙句、百科知识等摘抄上去～以互相交流学习。如此一来～学生的阅读成绩获得了肯定的展示～心理上产生了极大的满足感～从而更加激发了他们课外阅读的热情。 三、增加作文密度～从写中积累语言。 熟读背诵是通过语言输入增加大脑皮层的语言信息～作文训练是调动大脑中的语言信息来激发大脑皮层细胞之间的信息回忆、交流筛选～从而达到巩固、运用语言的目的。因此～俄文是更高层次的积累语言过程。要使大脑的语言信息系统灵活自如地运转～必须加大语言运用的频率。那么怎样指导学生巧红笔～使其像数学练习一样～课课练～日日练呢,我认为～除了结合单元小练笔和俄文题指导写作外～更重要的还是恰当地把握课堂练笔 的时机。着眼点有四方面: 1、练在知能转换处。 如教学《小音乐家扬科》～为了让学生理解并掌握联想的用法～教学时在引导学生分析理解了课文中有关句子～明确了什么是实在事物和联想之后～发下短文让学生进行联想练习。又如仿写句式～仿写篇章结构～仿写过渡句等～都是属于知能转换的训 练。 9 2、练在情感交融处。 如《我的心事》～课文教学到‚我刚进屋～见一位解放军阿姨坐在椅子上……我看着眼前的一大堆玉米棒子～不由行流下了眼泪?一段时～我指导完学生分角色朗读后～学生完全沉浸在课文童境中～我马上安排了写一段话的练笔:‚看着眼前的一大堆玉米棒子～大林会有许多话要对小姐弟说～他会说什么呢,?这 样一安排～学生就有话可说了。 3、练在思维的发散点。 如教学《凡卡》最后一段后～为了训练学生的发散性思维和表达能力～我提出假设:‚假如爷爷收到了凡卡的信～将会怎样呢,请以‘爷爷收到信后’为开头写一段话。?这样就收到了一 箭三雕的作用了。 4、练在情节的空白处。 如《小英雄雨来》中‚芦花村的人们听到河岸上呼了几枪。老人们含着泪说:‘雨来是个好孩子:有志不在年高:’这段情节较简单～为了加深对雨来英雄品质的认识～我安排了一次扩写 练习～训练了学生的想象能力和语言表达能力。凭借以上途径～学生的语言运用频率不断加大。学生在不断运用语言中～既激活了自身的语言积淀～又吸收了其他的新鲜语汇～不断丰富自身的语言。综上所述～诵读、博览、作文～三者都以语言积累为轴心～再加上三管齐下～持之以恒～坚持不懈～学生的语文素质定能得以提高。 课虽尽而意无穷 ——语文课结尾艺术的探索 一堂成功的语文课～不仅要开始引人入胜～中间环环相扣～ 而且课的结尾也要精心设计～做到课虽尽而意无穷。 在全面推进素质教育的今天～如何让学生在语文学习中～获得正确的观点～形成高尚的品格～健康的审美观念～并在语文基础知识和能力方面得到发展～养成良好的学习习惯～完成《大纲》提出的语文教学的任务～就要在课堂教学中下功夫。课堂教学的成功是提高语文教学质量的关键。长期以来～人们对于一堂课的开头艺术研究甚多～而对于课堂教学的结尾艺术则涉及较少。下 面～我就语文课结尾艺术的探索谈谈自己的体会。 一、结尾发散式——激思 语文课如果以‚填鸭?的方式进行～‚灌?完为止～学生只是被动地接受知识～局限在狭小的圈子里～不能发散、灵活运用 10 的能力也就相应地降低了。因此～我们在教学中～让学生掌握课文思想内容和语言形式的基础上～结尾的时候围绕一个中心～启发学生积极思维～帮助他们开开思路～对于提高学生的能力～发 展学生的智力是大有益处的。 例如我教何其芳的《一夜的工作》时～则采用了其方法。《一夜的工作》通过描述周总理劳苦的工作和简朴的生活～满怀深情地赞颂了他的优秀品质和崇高精神。周总理日理万机、夜以继日工作～该有多少事可以大写特写啊:然而～作者只截取了一个片断～以小喻多～我们由此可以推想出总理的为人了。学生学了这篇课文～应该从文中的一些重点词句～体会到总理工作劳苦～生活简朴。我提示学生回忆五年级学过的一篇课文《十里长街送总理》。我说:‚同学们应该还记得课文描写总理的动人场面吧:为什么总理得到那么多人的爱戴呢,同学们联想一下《一夜的工作》中的总理～就可以找到答案。我们能不能根据课文内容自己所了解到的情况～用美好的语言来赞扬敬爱的周总理,?这一启发～使得同学们思路大开～纷纷要求发言——有的说:周总理生活简朴～严于律己～只求贡献不求享受～的确是新中国的好总理, 也有的说:周总理平易近人～热爱人民～有 一次…… 二、回味式——激情 一堂课的起始和高潮～往往需要教师以其丰富的感情积累和知识底蕴纵情渲染～从而为课堂创设一种富有感染力的情境～为学生理解课文内容筑路架桥。结尾时教师能把握好时机～用发自 内心的情感～围绕课文的内容创设情境～就能激发学生情感～收到课虽尽而意无穷的效果。 例如我教《我的战友邱少云》一文时～在结尾部分我作了如下处理～我问:‚课文最后一句:我忘不了那一天。指哪一天,我永远忘不了什么,?学生回答。此时～我祟 了邱少云的大幅挂图～用苍松翠柏衬托着墓碑文。一边播放着英雄曲的激昂调子～一边用铿锵有力的声音说:‚同学们～在‘391’高地夺下不久～ 朝鲜人民在那里竖起了邱少云同志永垂不朽:这样的结局～设计了音响、图片～化静为动～挖掘内涵～符合‚儿童用声音、色彩、形象来思维?的心理特点～不仅教给了学生知识～发展了能力～还给学生以灵魂的洗涤～学生感到回味无穷。也就是说～讲读一篇课文～不光要有‚凤头?似的入手点～‚猪肚?似的着力点～还要有‚豹尾?似的结局点。 三、延伸式——激趣 11 语文教材内容广泛～有文学、历史、地理、科学等～几乎涉及到古今中外各个领域。如果我们就文教文～不作任何延伸～势必局限在十分狭小的天地里～学生所知甚少～不能引发他们的兴趣。如果我们注意因文制宜～适当沟通学生的生活积累和阅读所及～扩充领域～开拓视野～就可以有效地提高学生的学习积极性～激发学生浓厚的学习兴趣。这种延伸式可以结合讲解进行～也可 以在课终进完成。 例如学习《少年闰土》一文～它是根据鲁迅的小说《故乡》节选出来的～课文描写了一个健壮朴实～聪明能干、知识丰富的农村少年的形象。结束教学时～我把学生引导到课外阅读领域～指导他们去找《故乡》争取阅读～了解全貌。又如学习了《卖火柴的小女孩》后～指导学生写读后感～使同学们加深对社会主义祖国的热爱～对人剥削人～人压迫人的资本主义的无比痛恨。再如《金色的鱼钩》一文～课后我布置同学们以6—8人小组排演课文剧～在班上表演～并选出优秀的一队～老师再作辅导～无论从道具到音响～舞台设计等都作精心的编排～让他们为全校师生作汇报表演～此举轰动了全校。同学们通过朗诵表演～使老班 长舍己为人的光辉形象永远活在人们的心中。 总之～课终安排没有固定不变的格式～教学艺术的探索是永无止境的～无非是因文而异罢了。在语文课堂教学中～一节课的 结尾搭桥铺路做得好～处理灵活～课内外联系紧密～就能使语文教学低耗高效。 把学习主动权交给学生 ——浅谈语文自学能力的培养 《小学语文教学大纲》明确规定:小学语文教学的目的是培养学生识字、看书、作文的能力。我对《大纲》的认识归纳起来是三句话:培养能力是重点;搞好自学是关键;狠抓作文破难关。 一、语文是工具，掌握工具必须具备能力，所以语文教学必须在 学懂语文知识的前提下，以培养能力为重点。 过去的语文教学老师只看着卷面成绩，而忽略了教学过程中听、说、读、写的能力培养。我感到:语文书是培养学生能力的“工具”;语文课是培养学生能力的“车间”;语言文字是车间加工产品的“零件”。为了确保“产品”的合格，我给自己定了一个教学原则:上每节课前一定根据教材特点和单元重点明确: 12 给学生为什么知识，训练什么能力及怎样训练。我培养、提高学生能力的路子是:教师引导，提示规律、辅导探索、放手实践、 抓住不放、反复训练。 培养学生的识字能力。 为了走出长期以来老师“扶一扶”学生“走一走”，老师“不扶”学生“不走”的识字教学误区。在教学中，我注重培养训练学生自学字词的能力，让学生取得识字的主动权:首先我让同学们过汉语拼音关;然后在新学期伊始专门上好两至三节培养学生识字能力的理论课。讲汉字的特点规律，讲自学汉字的方法，并进行具体辅导。我把识字方法归纳为六个字:点(点出生字)、读(读准字音)、记(记住音、形特点)、查(利用工具书查字义)、写(连词端正书写)、默(自己默出所学生字)。经过一段独立性学习。学生完全养成习惯，不仅每篇课文中的生字学生完全掌握，就连课外阅读中发现的生字，学生也主动学习掌握。学生掌握了识字能力，学习兴趣高了，看书、作文的能力也相应 提高。 培养学生的阅读能力。 培养学生的阅读能力，是项细致、复杂而艰巨的教学任务。 这里仅就在课堂教学中，怎样阅读能力浅谈一些做法。 以《珍贵的教科书》为例。这是一篇记事为主的记叙文。学生在阅读中经常遇见，在生活中也经常接触有教育意义的事，需要记叙下来。因此，我在备课时不仅确定在字、词、句、章方面要传授哪些知识，而且把培养阅读和写作这类记叙文的能力作为教学和重点。正如《大纲》上所说:“在理解思想内容的基础上， 指导学生逐步学会看书和作文。” 那么怎样培养呢,我反复阅读、研究、思考找出这类记叙文的特点和规律，简略归纳为两点:,.要把事情发生的时间、地点、人物以及起因、经过、结果写清楚、明白。,.在记叙过程时，要把重要的场面、中心话语写具体生动。教学时，揭示以上规律，发挥老师的主导作用，引导学生按以上两点自学，边阅读、边思考、边讨论，只用了一堂课，使学生既清楚、明白、深刻懂得了这篇文章，受到了教育，学到了知识，又初步培养了学生阅读和写作这类记叙文的能力。接着，我又用了一课时，叫学生根据老师归纳的两条规律，试分析“习作选”上的同类文章。由于学生手中有了“工具”，独立实践很快就把文章的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果搞清楚了。我又设计了短文练习进一步培养和检查学生的能力窨提高如何，短文的题目是:“记一次自己深受 教育的事”。作业效果较好。 13 学生应具备的阅读能力是多种多样的。我根据不同的课文，培养学生的不同能力，充分发挥课文应有作用，真正做到学以致 用。 学习《黄继光》、《小珊迪》就重点学生有详有略，通过人物语言、动作记叙事情经过的能力;学习《颐和园》就重点培训学生先总述后分述再的能力;学习《三味书屋》就重点培训学生按不同空间方位描述事情的能力;学习诗歌、古诗就培训学生的朗读及欣赏诗句的能力„„这样抓住不放，积少成多、 学生的能力一堂课一堂地逐渐形成技能。 教学的实践，使我尝到了重视培养学生能力的甜头，学生通过老师的引导从一堂课中增长知识:识字能力、阅读的能力、写作的能力。慢慢“入了门”、“上了路”有了自己皖，独立实践， 解决问题的能力，成了学习的主人。 二、语文是工具，亲自使用工具，才能掌握好工具。所以，语 文教学要提高效果，必须培养学生的自学能力。 学生的能力从何而来,不是当“观众”看来的，也不是当“听众”听来的。同任何事件一样，能力是从实践中来的。勤于实践，能力必强。我常想:几个月能培养出一名熟练的汽车司机，二、三年能培养出一我优秀的飞行员，就在于他们学了知识后天天实践。小学生学好语文必须勤于实践，这个“实践”就是“自学”。所以，我们语文老师不要总是“抱”着学生走，生怕学生摔倒了;也不要把课文“嚼”得太烂，尽让学生吃米糊，久而久之消化能力就会逐步退化了。我给自己订了一个教学原则:给自学让路;把时间“还给”学生;把学习主动权“交给”学生，决不独霸课堂教学时间，逐步培养学生的自学能力，养成自学习惯。具体培 养自学能力和习惯的路子是: 第一步:读文、点字、查字、认字、写字。 第二步:读文、思考、分层分段、写大意。 第三步:读文、划重点的字、词、句，提出不懂的问题，写出文章中心。 第四步:读文、背好词好句好段至全文，抄写好的句、节、段、创造性讲述课文内容;最后运用课文中所学的写作方法，写自己生活中可写的事情。自学的四个步骤，二十字的自学方法，开学初主教给学生，以便学生按法自学。 由于开展了自学，不仅提高了学习语文的能力，而且逐渐形成了:“主动学、动脑思、学踏实、学方法、勤实践、好又精”的良好学风。 14 提高语文教学的效果，必须抓好作文教学，突破这一难关，培养写作能力。 作文是学生认识水平和文字表达能力的具体体现，是字、词、句、篇的综合训练，教师感到难，学生更感到难，只有突破这一难关，才能提高语文教学的效果。为了突破这一难关，我给自己的作文教学定了“两紧”、“两多”、“一改”的教学原则。“两紧”是:紧密联系阅读联系阅读教材;紧密联系实际生活。“两 多”是多读、写写。“一改”是改革指导和批改的方法。 紧密联系阅读联系教材，紧密联系实际生活。 阅读教学与作文教学有着密切的联系。每篇课文都有是学生的范文，在阅读教学中，引导学生学习作者是怎样围绕中心思想，用词造句、谋篇布局的，有助于提高学生的作文水平。但这只是纸中谈兵，要把知识化为能力非多写不可。我教完一篇有特色的课文，就要求同学们进行一次小练笔，运用所学到的写作方法进 行练习。 例如:学了《颐和园》一课，就写自己去过的公园或自己的校园;学了《三味书屋》就写“我们的教室”仍要求用方位顺序来写。学生既熟悉课室，加之有范文为例，因此写起来得心应手。又如:学了《劳动最有滋味》一课，我设计了《我学会,,》。这样的练习既是仿写的练习又是劳动后心灵感受的真实体会，同时更加深了思想教育。 再如《小珊迪》、《黄继光》、《种子》等课文都是通过具体事例写好人物形象的优秀范文。阅读后，我设计了“记两件小事”的写作训练。要求第一件事一定用对话形式写实际生活中的一件事，第二件事一定用描写环境、动作、神态及人物语言的方法写出人物品质，但选材一定要真实。结果学生写出了内容丰富、生动的好文章。 多读、多写 要提高写作能力，必须多读多写。这是有效的经验。在教学中我为同学创造多读多写的条件，促进其能力提高。 多读:,(我在班级办了个“小图书馆”有多种儿童读物，供大家课余时间阅读，并鼓励大家摘抄好的词、句、节;充分利用每周五班去校图书馆阅览时间，帮助他们找好书、看好书;节假除了要求他们多注意在大街、小巷、家里耳闻目睹的新鲜事，还要求用一小时时间读各种类型的书籍;从天文、地理到花草、鸟禽;从历史人物到现代英雄等等。使用权他们不仅开阔了眼界 而且增长了知识。 ,(每星期抽一、二节语文课，由老师或同学介绍一两篇好文章，师生共同细细欣赏。从而达到:学写作方法，品好词好句，练写 15 作能力目的。 多写:笔勤出好文。我们班坚持每周两篇小作，两周一篇大作，有的同学还坚持写日记。这样，每周动三次笔进行写作练习，思路会开、笔头会活、文章会精。 改革指导和批改作文的方法。 写作量一大，指导和批改作文的方法一定要改革。我的方法是:一是亲自“下水”二是认真记录;三是面批面改;四是加强评讲。 亲自“下水”:教师跟学生一起作文，是无声的战鼓，最能激励、启发学生。同时能发现写作时，可运用哪些学生学过的知识技能加以指导;能发现写作时的重、难点加以帮助。 认真记录:学生初稿我都认真记录下优缺点，便于面批，评讲时用。 当面批改:为了使批改更有效，我见缝插针，挤出每堂下课十分钟，面批一、二人，中午上课前面批五、六人，两天就可面批二分之一，且批改效果好。 加强评讲:(,)读好的例文;(,)找出病句、病节抄在小黑板上，全班同学当“小医生”为其“治病”。(,)学生互相评阅。 除了上述所说，提高作文教学的效果还要从学生的生活实际、知识实际出发，这样学生才能写出体会最深、感情最真的精品。 把学习的主动权交给学生，既“解放”了老师，又“救活”了学生，何乐而不 为呢, 16 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 17 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 18 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 19 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 20 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 21 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 22 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 23 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 24 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 25 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 26 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 27 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 28 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 29 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 30 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 31 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 32 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 33 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 34 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 35 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 36 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 37 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 38 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 39 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 40 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 41 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 42 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 43 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 44 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 45 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 46 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 47 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 48 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 49 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 50 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 51 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 52 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 53