种草养鹅可行性的

种草养鹅可行性的 种草养鹅可行性的(简要)(壹万只) 随着农业产业结构调整的深入，为提高土地资源的经济效益，种草养鹅是具有巨大的经济、社会和环境效益的项目。 1.种草养鹅的重大意义 1.1 随着城乡居民生活水平的提高，对肉食品的需求已从量到质的改变，对传统畜禽肉的需求在不断下降，而对鹅肉的需求大幅升高，因为鹅以草食为主的，饲料中基本不添加抗生素(因鹅抗病力特强)或促生长制剂(因鹅本身生长速度已经很快)或人工合成的营养素(因鹅可以在地面饲养和放牧，可从自然界获取有关营养素)，因此，鹅肉是优质、风味好的绿色、安全、健康禽肉，发展养鹅业，顺应了改善肉类生产和消费结构的大趋势。 1.2 投资少，产出多。在鹅的整个生产周期内，除育肥期间需要一些房舍与保暖设施外，肉鹅和种鹅舍可以因陋就简，或利用现有空置旧房即可，能遮雨挡风就行了，养鹅设备投资甚少，而鹅产品如鹅肉、羽绒、肥肝、裘皮、鹅掌、鹅翅、鹅肫等价值很高，有广阔的销售市场。 1.3 生长快，耗精料少。一只中型的肉用鹅饲养60,80天，活重可达3,4kg，在放牧的情况下，料肉比为1.5?1。鹅的消化能力强、食性广，可充分利用低值土地资源进行种草养鹅，不与人争粮争地。特别是在宁波、温州、广州、南京等地，每年需从外地调入大量的饲料原料，饲料资源短缺，价格较高，而养鹅以青粗料为主，饲料成本比其它畜禽低，和猪相比，同样的配合饲料(不包括青饲料)，养鹅可以得到3倍的产量，鹅产品价值更高。 1.4 鹅全身是宝，经济价值高。白鹅羽绒是上等的轻工原料，1吨含70%绒质的白鹅羽绒出口价高达6万多美元;鹅肥肝鲜嫩味美，营养丰富，位居世界三大美食之首，是世界公认的最佳类的食品之一，一只3.5kg的鹅经填肥后，肥肝重达600克左右，每公斤鲜肝出厂价40美元左右，鹅肥肝生产属劳动密集型产业，可利用我国廉价的劳动力，参与国际竞争，国际市场十分紧缺，随着我国加入WTO后，鹅肥肝、羽绒的出口将突飞猛进。 1.5 鹅耐粗饲，适应性广。鹅是草食水禽，以放牧为主，不仅农作物的四分之三和野生植物及水草的大部分可作饲料，而且生活力强，适应性广，耐寒能力好，鹅对气候的适应性强，在各种环境下均能饲养。 2 种草养鹅的可行性 2.1 栽种牧草技术完全成熟 利用不同的牧草可一年四季提供优质牧草，冬、春季以黑麦草为主(可混播紫云英、毛苕子等牧草)，夏秋季则以杂交狼尾草、墨西哥玉米等，同时可以在水面上养殖夏天和冬天的绿萍(巴拉圭绿萍和哥伦比亚绿萍)，并利用杂地、水application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 边野草适当放牧。以上牧草良种和栽培技术均已成熟可靠，亩年产鲜草达壹万公斤以上，一年可养四批鹅，每批80,100只。 2.2 鹅的良种和饲养技术完全成熟 在此方面技术可依托浙江省农科院已进行较多的研究，利用江南白鹅杂交配套系，母鹅是体型中等偏小，产蛋量较高的二元杂交母鹅，可降低苗鹅成本，公鹅是生产速度快、肉质好的浙东白鹅等，可提高商品肉鹅的肉用性能，进行三元杂交商品肉鹅及苗鹅生产。我们已拥有现成的白鹅良种、饲养管理规程、饲料配方技术、疫病防疫规程、鹅肉加工技术、肥肝生产技术、活拔鹅毛技术、鹅裘皮生产技术等，有效克服了技术风险。 2.3 全国各地各具特色的鹅市场和国际市场已经形成2.3.1 南京地区有巨大的鹅肉市场。 南京鹅肉市场巨大，南京盐水鹅是地方名特优和旅游产品，销量大，市场辐射面广。南京的盐水鹅、板鹅及鹅内脏制品是久负盛名的旅游产品，到南京不吃、不带盐水鹅，等于没有真正到过南京。鹅加工厂、加工点遍布城乡各地。 2.3.2 浙江省和广东省的地方特色鹅产品闻名全国。 如以浙东白鹅为原料水煮而成的“宁波白斩鹅”、温州地区的特产“温州熏鹅”、“温州烧鹅”、主要出口港澳和东南亚地区的“宁波冻鹅”、广东省的“烧鹅仔”等闻名遐尔，这些名特鹅产品的加工对养鹅业起到了有效的促进作用。 2.3.3 创立名牌，在加入WTO之后，抢入国际市场。养鹅业属于劳动密集型行业，随着加入WTO后各种关税和非关税贸易壁垒的减少，促进了各种鹅产品的出口，而国际市场兴起的绿色壁垒较难阻挡中国的鹅产品。 2.4 公司+科技+农户+政府的模式可行 首先有龙头企业投资;广大农户有饲养肉用仔鹅(商品肉鹅)的传统;种草养鹅全程技术成熟先进，可操作性强;各级政府在农业产业结构调整等政策上正在加大力度给以支持、倾斜。龙头企业投资办种鹅场和孵化场，结合依托技术部门，以饲养种鹅为主，适当养一些商品肉鹅以作示范，适当时发展加工厂;龙头公司向农户提供苗鹅、饲料、疫苗及技术服务，利用广大农户的劳动力和土地等资源，商品肉鹅销往市场(或龙头公司的加工厂)，增加公司和农户的收益。 3 生产条件 以饲养10000只规模种鹅场为例(8500只母鹅，1500只公鹅)。 3.1 各种生产场地面积 3.1.1 鹅舍面积(简易鹅舍)10000只鹅?2.5只/m2=4000m2 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 3.1.2 陆上运动场面积:等于鹅舍面积×2=8000m2 3.1.3 水上运动场面积:等于鹅舍面积×3=12000m2 3.1.4 附属用房(包括饲料仓库、种蛋仓库、饲养员住宿等，和鹅舍一起): 附属用房面积=鹅舍面积×20%=800m2 3.1.5 孵化车间(前期可以考虑让别人孵化加工，支付孵化费)。 3.1.6 种草农机具仓库和汽车库面积150m2 3.1.7 种草土地面积等于10000只鹅?800,100只鹅/亩=100,125亩。 3.1.8 其它用地 水面积若干(若鹅鱼立体养殖，则要求较高)，杂地面积若干。鹅场总面积160,200亩。 3.2 所需人员 3.2.1 饲养员:20人 3.2.2 管理人员:3人 3.2.3 技术人员:2人 3.3 所需设备 3.3.1 小型货车1辆(2T左右)。 3.3.2农机具若干。 4 投入产出分析 4.1 饲养种鹅 4.1.1 固定投入 4.1.1.1. 建筑简易房(草房)面积=鹅舍+附属用房=4800m2×40元/m2=19.2万元。 4.1.1.2 农机具、汽车库150m2×200元/m2=3万元。 4.1.1.3 种鹅 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 种鹅培育至开产每只成本40元，10000只计40万元。 4.1.1.4 汽车、机械约20万元。 4.1.1.5 固定投入小计82.2万元。 4.1.2 流动资金 以二个月的开支为流动资金。 总开支=饲料开支?75%=10000只×0.15kg/只?天×1元/kg×60天?75%?7万元。 4.1.3 效益分析(以1年为一个周期) 4.1.3.1 收入: 种蛋8500只母鹅(10000只种鹅中有1500只公鹅)×45个/只?年=38.25万个 孵出苗鹅:34万个种蛋×85%受精×80%孵化率=26万只苗鹅 苗鹅收入:26万只×8元/只=208万元 淘汰种鹅收入:10000只×5kg/只×8元/kg=40万元 合计收入248万元。 4.1.3.2支出: 4.1.3.2.1 精饲料:10000只×0.15kg/只?天×1元/kg×365天=55万元 4.1.3.2.2 青饲料:10000只×0.75kg/只?天×0.06元/kg×365天=16.5万元(青饲料承包给农户种植，种鹅场向农户购买牧草) 4.1.3.2.3 种鹅成本:10000只×50元/只=50万元 4.1.3.2.4 孵化费=26万只苗鹅×1.5元/只=44万元 4.1.3.2.5 其它开支(包括工资、折旧、利息、兽药、死淘损耗、管理费用等): 一般其它开支占总开支的25%，饲料开支占75%(视管理效率有所波动) 其它开支=饲料开支?75%×25%=(55万+16.5万)?75%×25%?24万元 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 4.1.3.2.6 总支出:169.5万元 4.1.3.3 利润(养殖业免营业税)78万元 4.2 饲养商品肉鹅 4.2.1 固定投入 4.2.1.1 简易房:同上，19.2万元 4.2.1.2 农机具、汽车库:同上，3万元 4.2.1.3 汽车、机械:同上，20万元 4.2.1.4 固定投入42.2万元 4.2.2 流动资金:同上，7万元 4.2.3 效益分析 一年可养4批肉鹅，每批10000只，计40000只。 4.2.3.1 收入:商品肉鹅销售40000只×4kg/只×8元/kg=128万元 4.2.3.2 开支: 4.2.3.2.1 苗鹅成本:44000只(考虑到成活率)×8元/只=35万元 4.2.3.2.2 精饲料:40000只×8kg/只×1元/kg=32万元 4.2.3.2.3 青饲料:40000只×36kg/只×0.06元/kg=9万元 4.2.3.2.4 其它开支:饲料开支?75%×25%=(32万+8.7万)?3=14万元 4.2.3.2.5 总开支:90万元 4.2.3.3 利润:38万元 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check