护士都知道,医生都明白

护士都知道,医生都明白 护士都知道，医生都明白 ～～～ 1。牙痛:乙酰螺旋霉素片+甲硝唑 乙酰螺旋霉素片+人工牛黄【消炎】 乙酰螺旋霉素片+糖甾醇片 2。干咳:百合固定口服液 养阴清肺 3。白痰:固本止咳膏 。黄痰:急支糖浆 肺力咳合剂 等等。。。。。。 4 白痰和黄痰都可以使用:镇咳宁含片 5。眼药:复方硫酸软骨(润洁)【保健】 萘敏维(润洁)【消炎】 氯霉素滴眼液【沙眼】 6。近视眼:珍珠明目滴眼液 四味珍层冰硼滴眼液(珍视明滴眼液) 眼药水开封后，一个月内使用完，不然会氧化 7。慢性鼻炎:鼻炎片(中联) 千柏鼻炎片(奇星) 鼻炎康片(德众) 丙酸倍氯米松鼻气雾剂(伯克纳) 丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂(辅舒良) 8。肠胃炎:胃肠安丸 9。鸡眼:水杨酸苯酚贴膏 10。感冒药要凡是含有〈扑尔敏〉的成分都会犯困 11。扁桃体炎:一清胶囊 众生丸 银黄颗粒 喉炎 12。调理睡眠:夜宁颗粒 复方枣仁胶囊(希尔安宁) 灵芝胶囊 13。小儿《12岁以下》发烧:美林 14。小儿《12岁以下》拉肚子:蒙脱石散(思密达)+地衣芽孢杆菌活菌颗粒(整肠丸) 15。补脑:核桃 16。减肥:决明子+荷叶 17。廯:盐酸特比萘芬乳膏(康王) 复方酮康唑软膏(皮康王) 联苯卞唑乳膏(孚琪 克霉唑乳膏 硝酸咪康唑乳膏(达克宁) 盐酸柰替芬乳膏(欣欣) 18。湿疹:复方醋酸地塞米松乳膏(999皮炎皮) 糖酸莫米松乳膏(艾洛松) 丁酸氢化可的送乳膏(尤卓尔) 曲安奈德益康唑乳膏(派瑞松) 硫软膏 19。烫伤:京万红 湿润烧伤膏(美寳) 复方愈创蓝油烃乳膏 葡萄糖酸氯己定乳膏(顺峰宝宝) 红霉素乳膏 20。疱疹:阿昔洛韦乳膏 复方片仔癀乳膏 21。荨麻疹:氯雷他定片(开瑞坦) 氯雷他定片分散片(雷宁) 氯雷他定片(息斯敏牌) 22。哮喘:布地奈德雾剂(普米克) 硫酸沙丁胺醇吸入气雾剂(万托林) 沙丁胺醇气雾剂(信宜) 23。晕车药:盐酸苯环壬酯片(飞赛乐) 茶苯海明片(华亭) 晕车清凉贴(百脉)【贴在耳朵】 24。怀孕头『三个月』用药参考 应避免使用的药物(肯定产生损害):沙立度胺 性激素(雄激素,雌激素) 己烯雌酚 口服避孕药 孕酮 促进蛋白质合成药 四环素类 烟碱(烟草) 男性激素样药(用于增加食欲和体重) 秋水仙碱 环磷酰胺 25。仅在必需时使用的药物(有潜在的损害):苯丙胺类 抗癌药物 口服抗凝药 卡马西 巴比妥酸盐类 氯霉素 氯喹 多粘菌素E 可的松类 氟哌啶醇 卡那霉素 甲硝唑 萘啶酸 去甲阿米替林 苯妥类 扑痫酮 丙基硫氧嘧啶 奎尼丁 利血平 链霉素 赛禽类利尿药 氨砜噻吨 万古霉素 紫霉素 26。尽可能避免或减少使用的药物(可能产生损害):制酸药 阿斯匹林 苯氧苯丙酸 呋噻咪 庆大霉素 吲哚美辛 铁 甲氧卞啶 钾 烟酰胺 口服降血糖药 磺胺甲基异恶唑 弱安定药类 维生素C(大剂量) 维生素D(大剂量) 27。怀孕『4,9个月』用药参考 完全避免使用的药物:促进蛋白质合成药物(男性激素样药物可增加食欲与体重) 口服抗凝剂 阿斯匹林(长期或大剂量) 氯霉素 己烯雌酚 碘化物类 烟碱(烟草) 呋喃妥因 磺胺类 四环素类 性激素类 口服降血糖药(服用33周以后) 28。遵医嘱使用的药物:苯丙胺类 强镇痛药 麻醉药品 制酸药(含钠离子) 抗甲状腺药 巴比妥酸盐类 溴化物 氯喹 可的松样药物 麦角胺 轻泻药 萘定酸 吩噻嗪类 扑米酮 奎宁 丙硫氧嘧啶 链霉素 噻嗪类利尿药 弱安定类 万古霉素 紫霉素 维生素C(大剂量) 维生素K(合成品) 钾 卡马西平 多粘菌素E 环磷酰胺 卡那霉素 去甲阿米替林 苯妥英 普萘洛尔 奎宁丁 利血平 1、一般在服毒后几小时内洗胃最有效 4~6 小时内 2、 重金属中毒时用下列哪一种解毒药效果最好 ? 二巯丁二钠 3 、抢救巴比妥类中毒所致呼吸衰竭的首要措施是什么, 保持呼吸道通畅，人工辅助呼吸 4 、银环蛇咬伤致死主要原因 呼吸衰竭 5 、毒蛇咬伤最有效的早期治疗方法 单价抗蛇毒血清 6 、毒蛇咬伤最有效的局部早期处理是 胰蛋白酶局部注射或套封 7 、哪一种食物中毒以神经系统症状为主要临床现，且病死率高 肉毒杆菌食物中毒 8 、对溺水所致呼吸心跳骤停者，其紧急处理措施是 人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压 9 、重度哮喘时，应采取哪些措施 吸氧，改善通气、支气管解痉、控制感染、纠正水和电解质平衡失调，应用糖皮质激素 10 、重度哮喘是指严重哮喘发作至少持续时间是多少, 24 小时以上 11 、重度哮喘时，每日氨茶碱静脉滴注的剂量不宜超过 1.5g 12 、重度支气管哮喘，一般抢救措施是什么, 静脉滴注氨茶碱，静脉滴注糖皮质激素，氧气吸入，静脉补充液体 13 、支气管哮喘发作期禁用 吗啡 14 、支气管哮喘的临床特征是 反复发作阵发性呼气性呼吸困难 15 、急性肺脓肿的治疗原则 积极抗感染，辅以体位引流 16 、急性原发性肺脓肿特征性的临床表现是 大量脓臭痰 17 、肺结核小量咯血(痰中带血丝)的处理是 安静休息，消除紧张情绪 18 、抢救大咯血窒息时，最关键的措施是 立即采用解除呼吸道梗阻的措施 19 、肺结核大咯血，最危险的并发症 窒息 20 、浸润型肺结核大咯血采取 患侧卧位 21 、慢性支气管炎急性发作期治疗最主要的措施是 控制感染 22 、突然发作的吸气性呼吸困难，临床上最常见于 气管内异物或梗阻 23 、哪一种疾病，最易发生呼吸衰竭 阻塞性肺气肿 24 、高血压患者发生心力衰竭的最早症状是 劳力性呼吸困难 25 、诊断急性肺水肿，最有特征意义的表现是 严重呼吸困难伴粉红色泡沫痰 26 、诊断右心功能不全时，最可靠的体征是 颈静脉怒张，肝颈静脉回流征阳性 27 、呼吸困难最常见于 左心功能不全 28 、哪种情况产生急性肺水肿时，宜用吗啡 急性心肌梗死伴持续性疼痛 29 、心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘主要不同点是 心脏扩大伴奔马律 30 、心功能不全最早的体征是 舒张期奔马律 31 、左心衰最严重的表现是 肺水肿 32 、右心衰竭的主要临床表现是 体循环静脉淤血及水肿 33 、急性肺水肿最有特征性的表现是 咯大量粉红色泡沫痰 34 、产生左心衰竭的临床表现，主要是 肺淤血、肺水肿 35 、呼吸困难最早出现于 左心衰竭 36 、室上性心动过速最多发生于什么 无器质性心脏病 37 、用刺激迷走神经的方法，可以纠正的心律失常是 阵发性室上性心动过速 38 、预激综合征最常伴发 上性心动过速 39 、预激综合征最主要的特征是 QRS 波群开始部粗钝 40 、诊断室速最有力的心电图证据是 出现心室夺获或室性融合波 41 、表现为心动过缓 - 心动过速综合征的患者，最好选用 安装按需型人工心脏起搏器 42 、室速伴严重血流动力学障碍时，终止发作首选措施是 电复律 43 、 III 度房室传导阻滞伴短阵室性心动过速，首选 心室起搏 44 、左右束支阻滞，治疗应选用 安置心脏起搏器 45 、以下各项中，哪项最易引起阿 - 斯综合征 III 度房室传导阻滞 46 、房颤发生后易引起哪种合并症 体循环动脉栓塞 47 、二尖瓣狭窄早期大咯血的原因是 支气管静脉破裂 48 、风心病二尖瓣狭窄发生房颤后，常见的并发症是 动脉栓塞 49 、哪种心脏病，不宜使用血管扩张剂 心包填塞征 50 、二尖瓣狭窄合并房颤，心室率 120 次 / 分，首选治疗是 西地兰控制心室率 51 、心绞痛及昏厥常见于 主动脉瓣狭窄 52 、二尖瓣狭窄窦性心律由于过劳而发生急性肺水肿，最恰当的治疗是 速尿 53 、二尖瓣狭窄引起肺水肿的原因主要是 左室衰竭 54 、风湿性心脏瓣膜病致死的主要原因是 心力衰竭 55 、二尖瓣狭窄最早出现的症状是 劳力性呼吸困难 56 、洋地黄中毒伴缓慢性心律失常时选用 阿托品 57 、洋地黄中毒所致的室性早搏，治疗应首选 苯妥英钠 58 、洋地黄中毒常见的心电图表现是 室性早搏二联律 59 、心力衰竭引起的室性早搏，未经药物治疗应首选 洋地黄 60 、急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的主要原因是 心排血量急剧降低 61 、急性心肌梗死早期( 24 小时内)死亡主要原因是 心律失常 62 、急性心肌梗死时缓解疼痛宜用 吗啡 63 、硝酸甘油缓解心绞痛主要是由于 直接扩张冠状动脉 64 、急性心肌梗死患者心电监护示“室颤"，立即进行抢救，第一步应行 非同步直流电除颤 65 、心脏猝死病人一半以上见于何种疾病 冠心病 66 、血压突然升高，剧烈头痛，抽搐，昏迷的患者，诊断可能是什么, 高血压脑病 67 、高血压病最常见的死亡原因是 脑血管意外 68 、什么表现最能提示急进性高血压 视力迅速减退，视网膜出血及渗出或视乳头水肿 69 、治疗高血压危象，哪一种药物应考虑首选 硝普钠 70 、心包填塞与右心功能不全，哪项在鉴别上最有意义 奇脉 71 、急性心包积液时最突出的症状是 呼吸困难 72 、猝死较多见于哪种心肌病 肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 73 、哪种疾病引起的休克其外周血管阻力将明显下降 革兰阴性杆菌败血症 74 、男性， 20 岁。肌注青霉素后突然昏倒，血压测不到，最主要的抢救措施是 立即静脉注射肾上腺素 75 、休克的基本原因是 有效循环血量不足，脏器的微循环灌注不良 76 、引起心源性休克最常见的病因是 急性心肌梗死 77 、哪种休克单独使用血管收缩药效果好 过敏性休克 78 、提示胃穿孔最有意义的根据是 气腹征象 79 、消化性溃疡最常见的并发症是 出血 80 、上消化道大出血最常见的原因是 消化性溃疡 81 、出血坏死型胰腺炎的特征是 脐部及腰部皮肤呈青紫色 82 、急性腹痛伴休克，最常见的病因是 急性坏死型胰腺炎 83 、肝昏迷患者，躁动不安和抽搐，选用下列哪种药物治疗最合适 安定 84 、对肾病综合征最有效的治疗药物是 糖皮质激素 85 、肾病综合征最常见的并发症是 感染 86 、尿毒症患者纠正酸中毒后发生抽搐，最迅速有效的治疗措施是 静注葡萄糖酸钙 87 、尿毒症病人病情危重的表现是 心包炎 88 、尿毒症最常见的死亡原因是 心功能不全 89 、治疗尿毒症心功能不全的最有效方法是 透析 90 、慢性粒细胞性白血病发生急性左上腹剧痛，首先考虑的诊断为 脾梗死 91 、在我国糖尿病死亡的主要原因是 脑血管意外、冠心病 92 、脊髓休克时，出现什么症状 双下肢瘫痪或四肢瘫痪，并肌张力低下，反射消失，尿潴留 93 、高血压性脑出血最好发的部位是 基底神经节 94 、脑出血最常见的部位是 内囊外侧部 95 、脑出血最常见的病因为 高血压 96 、高血压脑出血最常见的诱发因素为 情绪激动或用力过度 97 、急性脑血管疾病伴脑疝形成，最急需的措施是 静脉滴注甘露醇 98 、高颅内压病人做腰椎穿刺放脑脊液后，突然呼吸停止。这是因为诱发了 小脑扁桃体疝 99 、颞叶钩回疝出现同侧瞳孔散大的常见原因是 动眼神经受压 100 、枕大孔疝疝出的组织是 小脑扁桃体 101 、枕大孔疝与颞叶钩回疝的主要鉴别点是 早期出现呼吸骤停 102 、脑疝致命的原因是 脑干受压 103 、治疗脑水肿 尽早使用肾上腺皮质激素 104 、脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血的重要区别点为 有无定位体征 105 、脑出血的急性期治疗为 降血压 甘露醇降颅内压 保持水、电解质平衡 ，抗生素预防治疗感染 106 、蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的原因 先天性脑底动脉瘤 107 、蛛网膜下腔出血最常出现 脑膜刺激征 108 、蛛网膜下腔出血最可靠的诊断依据是 均匀血性脑脊液 109 、蛛网膜下腔出血急性期的治疗选用 尼莫地平 110 、脑血栓形成最常见的病因是 脑动脉粥样硬化 111 、脑梗死急性期主张不用血管扩张药，是因为可引起 脑内盗血现象 112 、脑血栓形成治疗应选用 低分子右旋糖酐 113 、在急性脑血管病中，起病最急的是 脑栓塞 114 、造成癫痫的常见原因 产伤 颅内肿瘤 脑炎 脑囊虫病 115 、癫痫持续状态是指 全面性强直 - 陈挛性发作频繁出现，间歇期仍意识不清 116 、全面性强直 - 阵挛性发作时，首先要 注意呼吸道通畅 117 、治疗敌敌畏急性中毒的胆碱酯酶复能剂是 双复磷 118 、有机磷农药中毒所致的呼吸肌瘫痪应选用 解磷定 119 、急性有机磷农药中毒发生肺水肿时，首要抢救措施是 静注阿托品 120 、急性有机磷农药中毒死因，最主要 呼吸衰竭 121 、急性一氧化碳中毒时，首要的治疗方法 氧气疗法 122 、下肢远端严重活动性出血时，止血带扎在哪个部位最合适, 大腿中 1/3 123 、四肢开放性损伤合并大血管损伤使用止血带时，连续阻断血流时间不得超过: 60 分钟 124 、在创伤急救止血时，常用的止血方法有: 指压止血法，压迫包扎法，止血带止血法，加垫屈肢止血法 125 、创伤性窒息的特征是 面部、眼结膜、上胸部淤血 126 、胸部外伤后，胸壁软化，主要病理生理紊乱为: 二氧化碳储留，缺氧 127 、开放性气胸的急救，首先要: 迅速封闭胸壁创口 128 、严重多根多处肋骨骨折的紧急处理是 胸壁加压包扎 129 、张力性气胸急救措施为: 粗针头排气减压 130 、外伤性血胸简便而又可靠的诊断方法是: 胸腔穿刺 131 、前胸刀刺伤、休克、颈静脉怒张，首先应考虑 心包填塞 132 、腹腔损伤行腹腔穿刺，抽出不凝血液，应诊断为 实质性脏器破裂 133 、腹部外伤合并出血性休克时，主要的处理原则是 在积极治疗休克的同时手术探查止血 134 、胃穿孔的 X 线检查所见为 膈下游离气体 135 、急性阑尾炎临床症状发生的顺序一般是 先上腹痛，后恶心或呕吐，再右下腹痛 136 、单纯性阑尾炎的腹痛性质是 隐痛或钝痛 137 、急性坏疽性阑尾炎，当阑尾壁全层坏疽后，腹痛性质是 持续性胀痛 138 、急性阑尾炎，当腹痛尚未转移到右下腹前，在诊断上具有重要意义的是 压痛已固定在右下腹 139 、高位小肠梗阻除腹痛外，主要症状是 呕吐 140 、胆管结石急性发作和急性胆管炎典型的三联征是 突发剑突下偏右阵发性绞痛、畏寒发热、黄疸 141 、急性胰腺炎时，血淀粉酶升高的规律为 发病后 3~12 小时升高， 24~48 小时达高峰 142 、下列哪种肾外伤最常出现血尿 肾裂伤 143 、颅内压增高的三联征是 头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿 144 、急性枕骨大孔疝与小脑幕裂孔疝最主要的区别是 剧烈头痛 145 、诊断心跳骤停迅速可靠的指标是 大动脉搏动消失 146 、心跳停止时间是指 循环停止到重建人工循环的时间 147 、复苏处理要争分夺秒，最主要的目的是 为迅速恢复脑的血液循环 148 、一旦确诊为心跳骤停，必须争取在几分钟内重建呼吸和循环 4~6 分钟 149 、胸外电击除颤时，电极板安放的位置应在 右第二肋间前胸壁，心尖区或心尖区后胸壁 150 、心跳复苏后，最容易出现的继发性病理改变是 脑缺氧性损害。 1、全身骨与关节结核中发病率最高的是(脊柱结核)。 2、诊断感染性心内膜炎的最重要方法是(血培养)。 3、抢救由心室颤动引起的心脏骤停时，最有效的方法是(非同步电击复律)。 4、发现早期直肠Ca最有意义的方法是(直肠镜)。 5、最常见的子宫肌瘤变性是(玻璃样变). 6、肾病综合征最基本的表现是(尿蛋白大于3.5g/24h)。 7、确诊肿瘤最可靠的方法是(病理学检查)。 8、法鲁四联征最早且主要的表现是(青紫)。 9、对原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症的诊断最有意义的血检结果是(皮质醇下降)。 10、复苏后治疗，保证一切复苏措施奏效最重要的是(脑复苏)。 1、引起牙周脓肿最常见的病原菌是(甲型溶血性链球菌)。 2、体内CO2分压最高的部位是(组织液)。 3、易位型21,三体综合征最常见的核型是〔46，XY，-14，，t(14q21q)〕。 4、洋地黄中毒最常见的心电图表现是(室性期前收缩)。 5、鉴别水肿型和出血坏死型胰腺炎最有价值的是(Cullen征)。 6、预防手术后肺不张最主要的措施是(多翻身多做深呼吸，鼓励咳嗽)。 7、最常见的卵巢肿瘤并发症是(蒂扭转)。 8、急性白血病引起贫血最重要的原因是(红系增殖受白血病细胞的干扰)。 9、急性心肌梗死早期最重要的治疗措施是(心肌灌注)。 10、结肠癌最早出现的临床症状是(排便习惯和粪便性状的改变)。 1、导致阑尾穿孔最主要的因素是(阑尾腔阻塞)。 2、最先提出“不伤害原则”的西方医学家是(希波克拉底)。 3、最常见的女性生殖器结核是(输卵管结核)。 4、偏盲型视野缺损最常见于(垂体腺瘤鞍上发展)。 5、胃溃疡最常见的位置是(胃窦小弯侧)。 6、对霍奇金淋巴瘤最具诊断意义的细胞是(R-S细胞)。 7、右心衰竭患者最有诊断意义的体征是(胸骨左缘3,4肋间闻及舒张期奔马律)。 8、伤寒最严重的并发症是(肠穿孔)。 9、血浆蛋白质中含量最多的是(清蛋白)。 10、后纵隔肿瘤最常见的是(神经源性肿瘤)。 1、深静脉血栓形成最常见于(下肢深静脉)。 2、正态分布的数值变量资料，描述离散趋势的指标最好选用(差)。 3、对慢性疾病进行现况调查，最适宜计算的指标是(患病率)。 4、大肠癌诊断和术后监测最有意义的肿瘤标志物是(CEA)。 5、右侧结肠癌最多见的大体形态是(肿块型)。 6、胃窦部溃疡的最佳手术方式是(胃大部切除胃十二指肠吻合术)。 7、烧伤最常见的死亡原因是(休克)。 8、急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的致病菌是(金黄色葡萄球菌)。 9、在感染过程中的5种表现中所占比例最低但最易识别的是(显性感染)。 10、了解子宫内膜周期性变化最可靠的诊断依据是(诊断性刮宫)。 1、难以鉴别的肾癌和肾囊肿最可靠的鉴别方法是(肾动脉造影)。 2、肌肉中最主要的脱氨基方式是(嘌呤核苷酸循环)。 3、医学伦理学中最古老、最有生命力的医德范畴是(医疗保密)。 4、最有助于诊Crohn病的病理改变是(非干酪性肉芽肿)。 5、诱发DIC最常见的病因为(革兰氏阴性细菌感染)。 6、卵巢上皮癌患者血清CA125检测值最具有特异性意义的是(浆液性腺癌)。 、老年心力衰竭患者症状加重的最常见的诱因是(呼吸道感染)。 7 8、心肌梗死24小时内并发急性左心衰时，最不宜用(洋地黄)。 9、腺垂体功能减退症最常见的原因是(各种垂体肿瘤)。 10、中枢性尿崩症患者控制多尿最适宜的药物是〔去氨加压素(弥凝)〕。 1、造成先天性甲状腺功能低下的最主要的原因是(甲状腺不发育或发育不全)。 2、弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎最主要的病变是(毛细血管内皮细胞及系膜细胞增生)。 3、慢性粒细胞白血病与类白血病反应最主要的区别是(Ph染色体阳性)。 4、硫酸镁中毒时最早出现的是(膝反射消失)(此题2008年助理重复再现)。 、最常见的子宫肌瘤类型是(肌壁间肌瘤)(此题2008年助理重复再现)。 5 6、推行临床科学合理用血的最主要目的是(保护血液资源)。 7、引起脑萎缩最常见的原因是(脑动脉粥样硬化)。 8、下列组织中最易完全再生修复的是(上皮组织)(此题2007年助理重复再现)。 9、早期动脉粥样硬化病变，最早进入动脉内膜的细胞是(巨噬细胞)。 10、AIDS患者肺部机会性感染最常见的病原体是(肺孢子虫)。 1、社区获得性肺炎最常见的致病菌是(肺炎链球菌)。 2、确诊高功能性甲状腺结节，最有意义的检查是(放射性核素扫描)。 3、结核结节中最具有诊断意义的细胞成分是(郎格汉斯细胞和上皮样细胞)。 4、核酸对紫外线的最大吸收峰值是(260nm)。 5、保存期内的全血最主要的有效成分是(红细胞)。 6、诊断缺铁性贫血最肯定的依据是(骨髓小粒可染铁消失)。 7、治疗消化性溃疡患者上腹部疼痛效果最好的是(质子泵抑制剂)。 8、流行性乙型脑炎病变最轻微的部位是(脊髓)。 9、左向右分流型先心病最常见的并发症是(肺炎)。 10、细胞膜在静息情况下，对下列哪种离子通透性最大(K，)。 1、引起抗利尿激素分泌最敏感的因素是(血浆晶体渗透压增高)。 2、在心动周期中，心室内压力上升最快的阶段是(等容收缩期)。 3、胆汁中含量最多的有机成分是(胆汁酸)。 4、外科病人最易发生水和钠代谢紊乱是(等渗性缺水)。 5、甲型流感病毒最易发生变异的成分是(神经氨酸酶和血凝素)。(上题很重要，结合了时事) 6、急性心肌梗死时，血清酶特异性最高的是(CPK-MB)。 7、细菌性痢疾肠道病变最显著的部位是在(乙状结肠和直肠)。 8、早期诊断急性血源性骨髓炎最有价值的方法是(局部分层穿刺)。 9、恶性肿瘤种值性转移到盆腔，最多见的是(胃癌)。 10、脱敏治疗的最佳适应征为(恐怖症)。 1、胫骨中下1/3骨折最常见的并发症是(骨折延迟愈合)。 2、腰椎间盘突出症最常见的部位是(L5)。 3、慢性支气管炎发展成阻塞性肺气肿的过程中，最先发生的病理改变是(细支气管不完全阻塞)。 4、消除支气管哮喘气炎症最有效的药物是(糖皮质激素)。 5、争性颅内压增高，有脑疝征象时，应立即使用下列哪种药物最佳(20,甘露醇)。 6、颅内肿瘤中最多见的是(神经上皮性肿瘤)。 7、改善急性左心衰竭症状最有效的药物是(利尿剂)。 8、诊断急性胰腺炎最广泛应用的化验指标是(血清淀粉酶)。 9、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄最具有诊断价值的检查是(心脏听诊)。 10、对绿脓杆菌(铜绿假单胞菌)作用最强的氨基苷类抗生素是(妥布霉素)。 1、正常人脑脊液中糖的最低含量为(2.5mmol/L)。 2、某医师欲采用横断面调查研究的方法，调查高血压病在人群中的分布情况，选择最合适的指标为(发病率)。 3、鉴别肾盂肾炎和下尿路感染最有意义的是(尿中白细胞管型)。 4、诊断甲状腺高功能性腺瘤最佳的检查是(甲状腺核素扫描)。 5、治疗重度一氧化碳中毒首选的氧疗是(高压氧舱)。 6、变异性心绞痛患者首选的药物是(硝苯地平)。 7、劳累时有心绞痛及晕厥发作的主动脉狭窄患者首选治疗为(主动脉瓣膜置换术)。 8、陈旧性心肌梗死患者，心电图示频发室性期前收缩，首选药物是(B受体阻滞剂)。 9、根据症状和体征提示有胸腔积液时，需确定是否有胸腔积液应首选的检查是(胸片)。 10、室性心动过速伴严重血流动力学障碍时，终止发作的首选方法是(同步电复律)。 1、使慢性粒细胞白血病达到血液学缓解的首选药物是(羟基脲)。 2、SLE，狼疮肾炎(病理为IV型)首选的免疫抑制剂为(环磷酰胺)。 3、下列治疗军团菌感染的首选药物是(红霉素)。 4、全身强直,阵挛性发作和失神发作合并发生时，药物治疗首选(丙戊酸钠)。 5、肺炎球菌肺炎治疗的首选抗生素是(苄星青霉素)。 6、婴儿化脓性脑膜炎环疑合并硬膜下积液，首选的简便诊断方法是(颅透光检查)。 7、治疗慢性粒细胞性白血病，首选(羟基脲)。 8、变异性心绞痛首选(地尔硫卓)。 9、治疗脑膜白血病首选药物是(甲氨蝶呤)。 10、代谢性酸中毒在没有发展到循环衰竭程度时，首选治疗应该是(实施病因治疗)。 1、为感染性休克病人迅速纠正血容量不足时，下列各组液体中首选的是(以平衡盐溶液为主，配合适量血浆和全血)。 2、疑为垂体腺瘤时，定位诊断首选(MRI)。 3、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病时发生惊厥，首选的药物是(苯巴比妥钠)。 4、慢性再障的治疗首选(丙酸睾酮肌内注射)。 5、高泌乳素血症的药物治疗是(溴隐亭)。 、诊断尿道结石首选的X线检查是(腹部平片，静脉尿路造影)。 6 7、三叉神经痛首选(卡巴西平) 8、合并双侧肾动脉狭窄的高血压患者降压不宜首选(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂) 9、合并冠状动脉痉挛心绞能的高血压宜首选(B受体阻滞剂)。 10、准备进行骨髓移杆的患者需要输血改善贫血症状，首选的血液制品为(少白细胞的红细胞)。 1、成人股骨干骨折，并有足背及胫动脉搏动细弱，其首选的治疗方法是(切开复位内固定)。 2、诊断胆囊结石首选的检查方法是(B超)。 3、I期子宫内膜癌患者的治疗首选(手术治疗)。 4、下列治疗军团菌的首选药物是(红霉素)。 5、青春期甲状腺肿，肿大明显时首选治疗方法是(口服甲状腺素片)。 6、为确定肝脓肿穿刺点或手术引流进路，首选的辅助检查方法是(B超)。 7、上消化道出血时，为寻找出血的病因，首选的检查方法是(胃镜检查)(而不是大便隐血试验或上消化道钡餐)。 8、正常足月儿的皮肤外观特点是(肤色红润，皮下脂肪丰满)。 9、内脏病的主要特点是(定位不精确)(而不是对牵拉不敏感或是必有牵涉痛)。 10、老年急性阑尾炎的临床特点是(阑尾容易缺血、坏死)。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.