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用英语学日语 さ用英语学日语 さ PMN extensively~ 調べられている Sintering to increase the pyrochlore~ 報告されている It the electrostrictive~ that以下が報告されている ~previously reported. (先に報告されているように、~) The compositions a profile~ the material mains voltages. Some of the samples to a compressive stress...
用英语学日语 さ
用英语学日语 さ PMN extensively~ 調べられている Sintering to increase the pyrochlore~ 報告されている It the electrostrictive~ that以下が報告されている ~previously reported. (先に報告されているように、~) The compositions a profile~ the material mains voltages. Some of the samples to a compressive stress of 250 MPa at room temperature ~ Unfortunately, ~ Finally, ~ (既に述べた事に加えて)> In addition, ~ / Additionally, ~ / Moreover, ~ /Futhermore, ~ / Also, ~/ Further, ~ (Besides, ~は口語、moreoverやfuthermoreの方があらたまった言い方、これらは ) Also, ~ (注意:前文と後文の主語が同じ場合にのみ使える) さらに、その上、また> Moreover,~ The authors thank~ each temperature was maintained for 4 min. each measurement. The cellulose is burned off between 350 and 550? sintering. measurement, samples were poled in oil at 40 kV/cm for 15 min at room temperature. work on our sol-gel PZT has shown that ~ the use of strongly acidic cation ~ There has been an extensive study of the development of ZrO2~ there has been some~(つい最近、~) The demand for lead-free ceramics has grown considerably .(ここ十年の間に) ここ数年 the crystal chemistry~ The samples were placed in a test chamber, which could between -180 and +250?. studies on this system are in progress and will be reported elsewhere. They were undetectable in the XRD spectra and in the best SAD patterns. TGA experiments revealed no significant weight loss under the synthesis conditions of Fig.1, for pure PbO specimens, obviating one of the ~ 最大の maximum / 最小の minimum The ordered regions (200 nm) are observed in x=0.5, which was previously shown to also exhibit the highest order-disorder transition temperature. The reflectivity of the InP/SiO2/Si interface is estimated to be ~0.45 in the IR range for ~ 最終的に ultimately the following approximation proposed by Tanaka . obtained by the XRD and SEM analyses indicated that +文 The micrographs of PMN ceramics sintered at from 1200 to 1300 ? are shown in Fig.5. researchers studied piezoelectric materials ~ These systems have a very narrow range of . This procedure was found to be very effective for the PbO-loss as well as ~ 最初に、第一に primarily / 次に Next,~ Ferroelectricity in BNT was reported by Tanaka in 1959. all compositions appeared ~. try ~ 最初に~を試してみる Lastly, ~ This is a significant . The in the leakage characteristics of the PT and Ru capacitors is Further studies on this system are in progress and be reported elsewhere. To serve as a substrate for nucleation and growth of the desired phase, the template particles thermodynamically stable at the TGG process temperature. A suitable nonlead replacement of lead-based piezoelectrics can be found in the LN-NN-KN system. TGG is a ceramic processing method for textured ceramics. Here Iperov and Ipyro the intensities of the {110} perovskite and {222} pyrochlore peaks, respectively. A great deal of effort has recently to the manufacturing and engineering of lead-containing relaxor perovskite compounds. Procedures established in the cited study this problem were followed in the present work. 生産最適化 production optimization 生産の最適化 optimization of production these specific questions, the existence of a macroscopic rhombohedral symmetry ~ It should be mentioned that through the diffused E maxima and relaxor-type behavior were reported in some NaNbO3-BaTiO3 solid solution ceramics, the relaxor-like compositions belong to the BaTiO3-rich of this system and are therefore out of scope of the present work. using examples from ~ People think I am swayed. 人々は私を影響されやすい人間だと思っている。 the Japanese maps created by Ino Tadataka 伊能忠敬によって作成された日本地図 were ball milled in isopropyl alcohol with ~ Disk-shaped for dielectric measurement of thickness 1.5 mm were sawn out of the sintered pellets. The air-sintered exhibits smaller permittivity levels~ ~ in Mn-doped . ~ where the relaxor-propeties of the CO2-sintered x=0.0223 are to ~ (図、)> As presented in Table II, ~ reportedin the previous work on ferrimagnetic oxides, ~ presented above, ~ (上で提示したように、上に示したように、上述したように、 先述したように) there is ~ The splitting in the peaksuggests the~ the sample~ the microstructure~ 図1(a)と1(b)に Figure 1(a) and 1(b) show the photographs of as-grown~ ~又は In fact, the dielectric~ Figure 1 shows the X-ray patterns of samples 文頭の場合はFigure 1 shows ~とfigureはフルスペルで表示 すること 次の場合は最初から省略表示にする~shown in . In , several micro cracks were ~ The changes in the sintered density, Tc and the dielectric properties of this solid solutions of BaO The physical and dielectric properties of PMN samples are reported in Table II. ~の変数として~ is the intensity of the circularly~ (図1に示すのは~である。) there is only~ Here, maximum densisties have been calculated from the observed lattice parameters , assuming a d-value equal to x. shows that a plot of ln(-dP(t)/dt) vs t should ~ The presence the fraction is not 100%. This result the step is ~ These light I-V characteristics and spectral response results InP/Si substrates are promising ~ all of the metal species were retained within ~ Various data the reaction products ~ The results in Table 1. Figure 6 and 7 the compositional effects on ~. These data the same general trends of increasing e with t, as earlier shown in Fig.1(b) for (001)-oriented crystal. The material was shown to a quadratic electro-optic effect and a second order transition.(示す >発現する) The data in this table has been collected from~. The composition a more complicated response~ Mix 1 a small decrease in switching temperature. Mixes 3 and 4 little change. Piezoelectric phenomena by certain piezoelectric crystals, polarized polymers, and composites are used in a number of electromechanical transducer applications, including vibration, pressure, and stress sensors, as well as hydrophones. ある種の圧電結晶や分極後高分子、そしてコンポジットによって現れる圧電現象は、~に用いられて いる。 As illustrated in Table 3, the samples of T5, Z5T5, B5T5, and S5T5 unexpected increases in Qeff. Tanaka that modification of BNT with BiScO3 results in better piezo properties. film can be achieved ~ These results conclusively that the processing technique used here is very suitable for making alkali-based ceramics. (特性が) ~ by~ This study the temperature dependence ~ (=ほのめかす,提案する、それとなく言う、示す) These observation grain growth is not~ Tanaka et al. the gel induced~ They suggested that ~ These reaction sequence formation of PMN depends directly on ~ (ほのめかす)This result the formation of ~ Since the template are randomly, tha large~ It is (well) known that 文~ It is that for A=C. This composition to exhibit ~.(~することが知られている) These observations are consistent with the oxidation behaviour of cobalt.(一般に知られている~) One of the materials in the lead-based relaxor family is PMN. (もっとも良く知られている) planet since antiquity(古代から知られている惑星) (一般に)(認識されている)(generally) PMN lattice ~. (一般に)The effective surface tensional stress to play an important role. Ball miling for all mixing and processing. The weak-field measurements with a HP computer.(用いた) The dielectric properties of 0.9PMN-0.1PT from Eq.1 are shown in Fig.1. However, the PbO was increased to x=0.1, the (331) ordering reflection ~ an electric field is applied, two relaxative processes occur ~ Roth participants can withdraw money retirement without incurring a single penny of income tax.(退職時に) The sintering profile is shown in Fig.1. In the present work, we demonstrate that third harmonic generation (THG) of light in single-shot experiments to ~(THGがシングルショット機器に使用できる) > (butはしゃべる時に使う口語、雑誌で使用される事もあ る) ~ it has not been~. Therefore, ~ or Consequently,~ or Accordingly, ~ or Hence, ~ or Thus, ~ ~ With increasing levels of terbium, ~ the amount of perovskite~ The intensity La-content~(La量が増加するにしたがって強度は増加した) In addition to the observed K dependency, the temperature Tm grain size. a structural model proposed earlier, attempts were also made to refine a structural model ~ > Thus, ~ ( は口語、文章ではthusが良い) > Therefore, ~ (Thereforeは、thusよりも論理的なニュアンスがあり、議論や説明の結論を言う時に 主に使う、As a result, ~の意味に近い) the prohibition on the use of Pb-based materials, the demand for Pb-free ceramics has grown~ In fact, ~(Indeedよりもあらたまった言い方、論文向き?) / Indeed, ~ (In fact, Indeedは、最初の文をもう少し詳しく説明する場合に使う) both Pt and Ru control nucleation of the PZT film is supported by ~ in this case I(002) is even greater than I(200). For a commercial process to monitor sintering atomosphere to ensure the oxygen content does not fall substantially below 20%. 文. the crossover from ~. It is to evaluate and understand these property changes in the context of domain wall motion. The of these distortions, which are allowed in rhombohedral has also been ~ The of these observations for this atudy ia as follows.<意義、重要性> The generally accepted inhomogeneous microregion model Smolenskiiet al. We the real value of Km, without porosity, using Wiener's rule. Q from the slop. These studies are the of this paper. Tanaka pointed out that modification of BNT with BS better piezo properties. The piezoelectric properties have a broad maximum the KNN. As often is the case, ~. ~ the piezoelectric response is attributed to progressive excitation of ~ the use of strongly acidic cation ~ しっかりと strongly / 強く strong The results provide a strong indication that the dielectric~ The data suggests that the properties of this capacitor are ~ 100? is for the usage of the MPB composition in this system. Further studies on this system are and will be reported elsewhere. First an optimized processing procedure for obtaining the dense ceramics of each composition. ~ to determine the range of application. 実用化される be put to practical use / come into practical use Urashima will be within five years. うらしまは5年以内に実用化されるでしょう。 If the products can be developed for , they will have many applications in medical treatment. 製品が実用化されると、医療のさまざまな用途に使うことがで きるでしょう。 The company plans to put the scooter by 2005. 同社はこのスクーターを2005年までに実用化する計画です。 In this case, heat treatment at 1300 ? for 24h completely 1:1 ordered samples for all values of x. The Tc of this composition shifted to lower temperatures with increasing substitutions of BaO in the perovskite lattice. As the stress increases, the polarization in the sample becomes orthogonal to the applied load. solvent and alkoxide were added. The ceramics were fabricated using the oxide-mixing technique. / the mixed oxide method / the solid-state reaction method / This route very high perovskite contents, typically>90%, but after sintering ~ The PLD system has been described elsewhere. Although we have not investigated the strain in these epitaxial InGaAs layers yet, ~(まだ詳細に調べていない) A more analysis of the powder pattern indicated some additional~(より詳細な分析) More measurements were made on the x=0.5 composition, which lies at the boundary between the relaxor and normal sides of the system. of the film preparation and characterization are reported elswhere. However, the remains as to whether the cation order in the niobates can be altered by thermal treatment. Furthermore, small-angle resonant X-ray scattering measurements on PMN for compositional segregation between the ordered domains and the disordered matrix. The growth process by the difference in surface free energy between the template and the matrix grains during thermal processing. Hence, , the discussion is limited to the competition ~ Among the composites studied so far, the types are the ones with 0-3 connectivity. 試みとして> A estimate, ~ discussion,~ The stability of fluorite relative to perovskite increase with PbO excess or deficiency, as reflected in Fig.8, particularly for a > 1 and b < 0. To obtain the maximum dielectric constant, the pyrochlore phases be eliminated from the perovskite ~(除去されなければならない) To induce piezoelectricity in ferroelectric ceramics, an electric field be applied to swich the polar of crystallites to the symmetry-allowed directions nearest to that of the applied electric field. However, temperature coefficients and aging characteristics have still to be investigated. Each Pb/Ti solution was assayed for oxide content ~ One possible partial ordering develops uniformly~ This further the observation that small perovskite reflections were found by XRD~ this induced ~ the acoustic energy density can be defined as ~ 試料は~> Bar specimens of dimensions 3 mm x 3mm x 6mm were machined out of the as-received PZT, PZT films grown Pt were characterized by ~ ~ > Five of capacitors were prepared for this study. 自発的に spontaneously 自由に freely The model was confirmed in PZT films. ~, but the (101) reflection was stronger. 市販の commercially 実際に actually 首尾よく、うまく successfully The determining factor was the accuracy of the balance. chiefは「ある集まりの中でもっとも重要な、偉い?~」という感じ There is no induction period between the first evolution of gas and the acceleration of the reaction. mainは「ある集まりで中心的な~」という感じ The allicins and sulfides are presumed to be the source of aroma and flavor of allium species. principalは「ある集団の中で主力な~」という感じ~ melting point either higher or lower than that of the component. majorは「主要なとか主流の~」という感じ 十分な sufficient (enoughよりも堅い語) / 十分に sufficiently A saturated P-E loop was obtained at~ the powders following the 300? treatment is low to preclude ~ This sample showed kp of 0.17 and d33 of 98pC/N measured by d33 meter, although our poling condition was not to reach the full poling state. significant Of more , however, is the absence of a marked decrease~(さらに重要な事は、~) The physiological significance was discussed the control of asparatate biosynthesis. It is interesting comparative biochemistry. On the other hand, reported a continuous decrease in Nr with increasing Li concentration, in agreement with the present results.(??組成を研究したNittaは~ A very oxygen and hydrogen gasses is admitted into an evacuated tube 100 ft long. bridge circuits are used for both detectors. Details on these will be reported . (近い将来) Silicon carbide is one of the most transister materials for extremly high-temperature application. (将来が約束されている) were ball milled in isopropyl alcohol with ~ Disk-shaped for dielectric measurement of thickness 1.5 mm were sawn out of the sintered pellets. The air-sintered exhibits smaller permittivity levels~ ~ in Mn-doped . ~ where the relaxor-propeties of the CO2-sintered x=0.0223 are to ~ To 動詞~、~ To determine the inportance, ~ these two parameter have been plotted~ (途中のカンマなしパターン) , the corona discharge technique has been recently developed. > In order to ~, 文~ determine the Tc of BNT ceramics, I made the the ceramics. All 17 compositions were synthesized and measured select the best material. The cost from ACI's PZT fiber is a fraction of the cost ~ ACIのPZTファイバーからトランスジューサーを作製するためのコスト は、 porosity increased to 22% the strength dropped to only 25% of the strength value.(途中のカンマなしパターン) the compressive stress is increased from 0 to -25MPa, the slope of the stress-strain curve changes, indicating non-180 ?domain wall motion. 「~によって」も検討すること However, the PbO was increased to x=0.1, the (331) ordering reflection ~ the field was applied, the load rapidly dropped~ > It should be noted that + 文~ (that以下に注目すべきである) It should be pointed out that +文 (that以下に注目すべきである) The stability of fluorite relative to perovskite increase with PbO excess or deficiency, as reflected in Fig.8, particularly for a > 1 and b < 0. the sample~ Here, maximum densisties have been calculated from the observed lattice parameters , assuming a d-value equal to x. In piezoelectric actuator and oter applications a working temperature of 150? is required for operations~ > That is, ~ / namely, ~ (通常、文頭では用いない) In other words, ~ > (、又は、いいかえれば、という意味。 読み方は、that is Figure 7 shows how the volatiles in MgO, the stoichiometry of MgO, can ~. ~and other compositions (i.e., Z5T5, F5T5, B5T5, and S5T5) were used ~ The highest densities were recorded for specimens sintered at 1250 deg.C. and 1200 bars. The highest value of kpwas measured for a specimen of the 12/88 composition where the corresponding mechanical quality factor, Qm, was 755. showed perovskite structure, comfirmed by XRD. are very promising when compared to PZT type materials. the domain wall can be moved nearly reversibly by the alternating field. Tanaka et al. that there must be a uniform stress ~ Films were grown at temperatures from 500 to 700 ?, , as well as at 575 and 625?. The growth process by the difference in surface free energy between the template and the matrix grains during thermal processing. Hence, , the discussion is limited to the competition ~ These values for the hysteretic loss are high and ~ すなわち、つまり> namely (文頭ではもちいない) the fine size of the particles, it was possible~ The rate will be low the small sectional area of liquid. This can differences in the ~ The authors the observed nonlinearity the motion of non-180 deg domain walls. 著者らは観察された非線形性は非180ドメイン壁の移動に起因す ると考えた。 the prohibition on the use of Pb-based materials, the demand for Pb-free ceramics has grown~ the electrocmechanical~ Two possible mechanisms can this densification behavior, i.e. grain-boundary sliding and Nabarro-Herring stress-enhanced diffusion. in term of the pressing process. The grain size dependency of the dielectric behavior in PMN possibly based on the mechanism of relaxor behavior. using the domain engineering concept proposed in this paper. by the fact that 2MV/mm electric field is a saturation field for this material. The behavior of the PMN and PMT-substituted system can using similar arguments. The results physically in terms of volume ~ In the present study, five compositions in the xPMN-(1-x)PT system, in which x=0.0, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6. Grain sizes as low as 0.3,m above the use of strongly acidic cation ~ ~ Using this as the guideline a composition given as (Li0.03Na0.55K0.42) NbO3 The large blocky grains are ~30 mm thick and along the tape casting direction. Hence, for simplicity, the discussion the competition ~ In this method, both sample sides should be electroded and poling samples of small area. This is 38.5MPa. Flow-rate with mass-flow controllers. Diffraction datasets by the Rietveld method ~ Two batches of pellets , one sintered in air and the other in CO2. 正確に、精密に accurately 静的に statically / ダイナミックに dynamically / ダイナミックな dynamic Perovskite-structured ferroelectrics show both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the piezoelectric response. The is due to field-induced changes in the polarization, while the is associated with domain wall and/or phase boundary motion. The dielectric polarization versus electric field with S-T circuit. The properties using the sensor. (主に雑誌用?) Still, ~ Still, Kusumoto shouldn't ~ > Nevertheless, ~ domain structure would increase hysteresis. The M.P.B. in the PMN-PT solid-solution system at about 0.32 mol% of PT content. Thus, the driving force for the grain growth still In addition, ~ 又はAdditionally,~ / Also, ~ Therefore, ~ それによって thereby the near MPB composition 0.8BNT-0.18BKT was processed and evaluated. This is lower than Ts. The dielectric loss magnitude from 7.8% to 12.4%. As the sintering temperature to 1275?, both the relative permittivity and dissipation factor for a given frequency, as shown for 1kHz in Fig.7. the PbO content led to the emergence of perovskite at higher ZrO2 contents under the same processing conditions, as noted in Fig.1(b). ~ With increasing levels of terbium, ~ As the stress increases, the polarization in the sample gradually becomes orthogonal to the applied load. Both polarization and strain initially prestress because more non-180 deg domains are available. At higher prestress, the polarization and strain output decreases because the applied electric field is insufficient to overcome the applied prestress. The dielectric constant peaked at a Zr/Ti ratio of 58/42, whereas planar coupling and birefringence were maximum at 62/38. , respectively (文の最後についている場合が多い) ~for BNKT, BNBT and KNN respectively. (カンマなしパターン) / それぞれの respective Pb/Ti solution was assayed for its oxide content ~ The crystal shows phase transformation characteristics found for BaTiO3. This paper compares the temperature dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric properties for the MPB compositions in BNT-BKT and BNT-BT system along with of KNN system. In addition, the electromechanical properties of KNN are inferior to PZT and ~ Instead, ~ 通常文頭、文尾で用いる 例) he told nothing. その代わりに、彼は何も話さなかった。 As a result, ~ その他の活用例) As a function of frequency, ~ The ferroelectric to paraelectric transition is second order and is broad in respect to temperature.(in respect to ~で~に関して) Meanwhile, ~ Tanaka et al. reported MPB in BNT-BKT ~ The fracture toughness, Kic, decreased with increasing temperature up to the Curie temperature ( ~350?) and remained constant . dispersion is consistent with domain wall motion, but a pure ~ This a considerable advantage over the competing BNT-BKT and BNT-BT systems. The variation of the dielectric and piezoelectric property this tie line is ~ (魅力を) The cost of hot pressing and the use of excess PbO the commercial potential of BaTiO3-templated PMN-PT. These results are in contrast to the stress-dependent electromechanical properties of (001)-oriented crystals, became increasingly nonlinear and hysteretic with increasing t. Additionally,~ / Moreover,~/ Further, ~ / 追加の additional 相対的な relative The Pt interlayer was 100-300 A thick, and was deposited by magnetron sputter deposition at room temperature, by ion-beam sputter deposition at 400 ? Fig.1 of the PMN-PT solid-solution system.
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