2012江苏苏州中考化学试题及答案

2012江苏苏州中考化学试题及 2012年苏州市毕业暨升学考试试卷 化 学 注意事项: 1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题.选择题第1页至第5页.非选择题第5页至第8页;共36题.满分100分;考试用时100分钟。 2.答题前.考生务必将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色.墨水签字笔填写在答题卡相对应的位置上.并认真核对条形码上的准考号、姓名是否与本人的相符合。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡相对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动.请用橡皮擦干净后.再选涂其他答案;答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色.墨水签字笔写在答题卡指定的位置上.不在答题区域内的答案一律无效.不得用其他笔答题。 4.考生答题必须答在答题卡上.答在试卷和草稿纸上无效。 可能用到的相对原子质量:11-1 C-12 N-14 0-16 F-19 Na-23 S-32 CI-35.5 选择题(共60分) 单项选择题(包括30题，每题2分，共60分。每题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.为了防止贫血，人体应适当补充的微量元素是 A.锌 B.铁 C.钙 D.硒 2.下列符号可以示2个氢原子的是 A. 2 H B. 2 H C.H D.HO +222 3.下列物质属于纯净物的是 A.洁净的空气 B.清澈的海水 C.蒸馏水 D.自来水 4.下列产品的开发利用与环境保护无关的是 A.无铅汽油 B.无氟冰箱 C.无磷洗衣粉 D.加碘食盐 5.在通常情况下空气中各种成分的含量保持相对稳定.其中体积分数约为21%的气体是 A. N B.O C. CO D. HO 2222 6.下列物质名称和对应的化学式都正确的一组是 A.铝aL. B.硫酸钠NaSO C.氧化亚铁FeO D.氯化按NHCL 423 4 7.下列物质中，含有自由移动离子的是 A.氯化钠溶液 B.氯化钠晶体 C.蔗糖 D.铜 8.下列物质溶于水，所得溶液的PH大于7的是 A. CO B. HCI C. NaCI D. Ca(()H) 229.人误服重金属盐中毒后.为了减轻毒性.可服用下列物质中的 A.水 B.食盐水 C.鸡蛋清 D.肥皂水 10.苏州博物馆最近启用新购置的“真空充氮杀虫灭菌消毒机”来处理和保护文物。即将文物置于该机器内， 三天后氮气浓度可达99.99%;再密闭三天左右，好氧菌、厌氧菌和丝状霉菌都被杀灭。下列有关氮气 说法错误的是 A.通常状况下氮气易溶于水 B.氮气不能供给呼吸 C.通常情况下氮气的化学性质不活泼 D.高浓度氮气可抑制菌类的生长 11.下列与试管有关的操作或装置(试剂和酒精灯省略)的图示正确的是 12.下列有关葡萄糖的说法错误的是 A.油脂和葡萄糖都易溶于水 C.给低血糖的病人补充葡萄糖以缓解乏力、眩晕等症状 B.葡萄糖、淀粉和纤维素都属于糖类 D.葡萄糖在人体内缓慢氧化为二氧化碳和水并释放出热量 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 13.2012年5月27日我国“‘海洋六号”科考船启航深人南海北部区域“精确调查”可燃冰资源。可燃冰是在高压低温条件下由水和天然气形成的冰态物.其化学式为 A. CO B. H2O C. CH D. CH?.?HO 2442 14.能大量共存且形成无色溶液的一组离子是 2+2---2+++2--- A.Cu、SO、H B.CI、NH+、OH C. Ba 、 SO、NO D. Na、K、NO 4+443315.下列说法错误的是 A.在复分解反应中，没有单质参与 B.化合反应一定要加热 C.置换反应一定有新的单质生成 D.中和反应一定有水生成 16.下列有关过氧化氢(HO)的说法错误的是 22 A.过氧化氢由氢元素和氧元素组成 B.过氧化氢分子中的氢、氧原子个数比为1:1 C.质量分数为6%的过氧化氢溶液中水是溶质 D.常温下过氧化氢也能自行分解.其溶液中含有少量氧气 17.下列滴管使用或放置图示正确的是 18.下列有关实验室制取二氧化碳的方法不合理的是 A.因为通常情况下二氧化碳密度大于空气.故能用向上排空气法收集 B.因为二氧化碳在水中的逸出速率大于溶解速率，故也可用排水法收集 C.在发生装置中加人块状石灰石和硫酸 D.因为碳酸钙和盐酸在常温下即可迅速反应，故气体发生装置不需要加热 19.下列有关物质所含元素质量比的数值正确的是 A.水(HO) m (H):m(O)=1:8 B.乙炔(CH) m(C):m(H)=2:1 222 C.氨气(N H) m(N):m(H)=14:1 D.二氧化硫(S0) m(S):m(O) = 1:2 32 20.下列关于水的说法错误的是 A.淡化海水可解决淡水紧缺问题 B.长期饮用硬水对人体的健康不利 C.日常生活中的水大多是混合物 D.过滤能除去天然水中的所有杂质 21.下列关于铁的做法或说法错误的是 A.用铁桶盛放硫酸铜溶液 B.铁钉在潮湿的空气中易生锈 C.铁和稀盐酸反应生成氯化亚铁和氢气 D.炼铁高炉内一氧化碳夺取氧化铁中的氧而生成了铁 22.下列有关鉴别二氧化碳、氧气的方法错误的是 A.观察气体颜色 B.用澄清石灰水 C.用带火星的木条 D.用紫色石蕊试液 23.除去下列物质中的少量杂质(括号内为杂质)的方法错误的是 A. O(HO)—用生石灰 B. NaCL溶液(KNO )—降温结晶 223 C. CaCO3粉末(N aCO3 )—加水过滤 D. KCI溶液(KCO)—加适量盐酸 223 24.下列实验装置的图示不属于水浴的是 25.清洗内壁沾附碱性固体残留物试管的合理步骤是 A.稀盐酸润洗?自来水测洗?蒸馏水润洗 B.稀盐酸润洗?蒸馏水润洗?自来水刷洗 C.蒸馏水润洗?稀盐酸润洗?自来水刷洗 D.蒸馏水润洗?自来水刷洗?稀盐酸润洗 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 题库编号:201206231620 2012年江苏苏州中考化学试题及答案 26.下列变化一定属于化学变化的是 A.固体碘受热后变成紫红色碘蒸气 B.打开浓盐酸瓶盖，从瓶口涌出白雾 C.澄清石灰水露置空气中后液面产生了一层白膜 D.通常状况下的氧气通过低温加压变成了淡蓝色液体 27.下列关于二氧化碳的说法错误的是 A.二氧化碳可用于制碳酸类饮料 C.常温下二氧化碳是一种有刺激性气味的有毒气体 B.干冰(固体二氧化碳)可用于人工降雨 D.大气中二氧化碳的消耗途径主要是植物的光合作用 28.下列有关氢氧化钠性质的说法错误的是 A.氢氧化钠有腐蚀性 B.固体氢氧化钠有挥发性 C.氢氧化钠能吸收二氧化碳而变质 D.固体氢氧化钠能吸收水蒸气而潮解 29.下列检测某溶液pH的操作正确的是 A .将pH试纸投入待测液，对照比色卡读数 B.用干燥、洁净的玻璃棒蘸取少量待测液，沾在置于洁净表而皿的pH试纸上，半分钟内根据试纸呈现 颜色，对照标准比色卡读数 C.用玻璃棒蘸取待测液沾在用蒸馏水润湿的pH试纸上.对照标准比色卡读数 D.用玻璃棒蘸取待测液沾在pH试纸上，3分钟后对照标准比色卡读数 30.能证明“CaCO并非绝对不溶于水”的实验事实是 3 A.向少许CaCO粉末加人NaOH溶液充分振荡.无明显现象 3 B.向少许CaCO粉末加入过量稀盐酸充分振荡，粉末消失且有气泡产生 3 C.向2颗蚕豆粒般石灰石固体加人3 m I.蒸馏水，滴人酚酞试液片刻内不变红 D.向少许CaCO粉末加人3 m I.蒸馏水充分振荡.滴入酚酞试液即变红 3 非选择题(共40分) 31. (10分)请用线段连接有对应关系的相邻两列间的点。 32. (10分)写出下列反应的化学方程式并填空。 (1)碳在过量氧气中充分燃烧: 该反应属于 (选填“放热”或‘“吸热”)反应。 (2)锌和稀硫酸反应: ;反应类型是 (3)盐酸与碳酸氢铵反应: ;明显的现象是 (4)实验室加热高锰酸钾制取氧气: 在发生装置的试管口放一团棉花的作用是 (5)用熟石灰和硫酸铜溶液制备波尔多液: 反应类型是 33. (4分)请阅读以下摘自今年的《苏州日报》，与化学关系密切的信息，并填空。 【资讯1】据市环境监测站专家分析:5月4日至7日.由于阳光灿烂.臭氧( O)也出来“作怪”.连续四天3 的日平均浓度也均超标。臭氧在常温常压下是淡蓝色气体～稳定性极差.可自行分解为氧气。 臭氧在空气中达到一定浓度可刺激呼吸道。大气中臭氧浓度超标的原因是:在静风条件下强烈 的阳光就成为氮氧化物的催化剂.从而推高了臭氧浓度.形成污染。 (1)臭氧“自行分解”的化学方程式为 ;若氮氧化物假定为二氧化氮.强光条 件下促使其分解产生了O和N.则该反应的化学方程式为 32 【资讯2】吴江某公司研发的一层看似普通的白色薄膜.却有超高防水透气、阻燃、抗菌和耐腐蚀的神奇 功能……这种膜的专业术语叫聚四氟乙烯纳米微孔薄膜.由聚四氟乙烯树脂经特殊设备和工艺 制作而成.该树脂是一种超高分子量材料。 8(2)制作这种薄膜的聚四氟乙烯树脂[(CF CF )n]的相对分子质量为1X10，其n值等于 .碳22 元素的质量分数为 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of constr未央化学教育网 uction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, ey第 3 页 共 6 页 e-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 34. (4分)富含淀粉的谷物、甘薯等可以酿酒。在酿酒过程中淀粉在酶的作用下转化为葡萄 糖，葡萄糖发酵为酒精。香甜的酒酿就是利用该原理.用酒曲酶(俗称酒药)制作的。家庭一般制作酒酿 的简单图如下:(注:有机反应化学方程式可用箭号表示) (1)配平化学方程式:(CHO)+ HO 61052 (2)如温度、水分等因素控制不当，易导致乳酸量过多而味偏酸，清完成该反应的化学方程式: C HO 6126 葡萄糖 (3)成熟的酒酿放置时间越长酒味越浓，因为更多的葡萄糖在酒化酶作用下发酵分解为酒精(C HOH )25 和二氧化碳，写出该反应的化学方程式 (4)若用1 kg大米酿米酒，假设其中有0. 81kg的淀粉全部转化为酒精，则理论上可酿制含酒精质量分数 为10%的米酒 kg, 【提示:由淀粉转化为酒精的关系式为】 35. (5分)据报遴.苏州某生活污水处理厂推出“污泥合成生物质燃料技术”，可以使3t生活污泥产1t"煤”。 苏州某造纸厂将清洁理念贯穿生产过程，去年光‘“清洁费”一项就节省了4千万元。两家工厂生产 工艺流程简单示意如下。 注:造纸厂生产过程中产生的‘“污泥”可能是由造纸用的原料木材、稻草等残余粗质纤维、复杂有机物和含钙的无机矿物质等组成。 (1)已知X为光合作用中作为反应物的一种常见的无色气体，试写出A高温分解的化学方程式 :以及X和Z反应的化学方程式 (2)在锅炉内高温条件下，烟煤燃烧产生的二氧化硫和氧气、A反应.生成硫酸钙固体和X气体.达到了减 少二氧化硫排放的目的。写出此反应的化学方程式 。 (3)请你从社会资源综合利用的角度.指出上述两家企业生产过程中，可能的合作途径 (答出2点即可)。 36. (7分)为判断某物质存在或某物质恰好完全反应，通常以特定物质的显色达到目，能显色的物质就称‘“指 示剂”。如:用蓝色的石蕊试纸变红判断待测液显酸性;用淀粉溶液变蓝判断单质碘(( I)的存在 2equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 题库编号:201206231620 2012年江苏苏州中考化学试题及答案 ?吸收装置内的I的淀粉溶液一也可以用 溶液代替作为指示剂.因为 2 (2)若用10.0%的氢氧化钠溶液16. Og滴加到20. Og盐酸中(含2滴酚酞试液)，混合液刚好由无色变为 粉红色时，可认为恰好完全反应。 ?原盐酸中溶质的质量分数为 。 O ?试列式计算说明将该反应后的溶液转化为20C时饱和溶液的一种简单方法(计算结果精确到 0.1g)。已知:20 C时氯化钠的溶解度为36.Og。 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of constr未央化学教育网 uction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, ey第 5 页 共 6 页 e-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements 2012年苏州市初中毕业暨升学考试化学参考答案 单项选择题 非选择题 equipment, components, equipment, temporary construction facilities, processed with strict compliance with provisions of construction floor plans, smooth roads and drainage, site formation. ----3, the site looks dignified and elegant and tidy, advertising slogans to write eye-catching appearance, walls to be clean and tidy. 4, "six-second figure"----cards to complete, custom, eye-catching, hanging in the obvious place. Management----5, district administration, "launch of Qing dynasty" focuses on managing the "cleaning, recycling, use," four Central Bank; the work is finished, clean, clear, work product protection in all procedures to periodically check the appraisals in a timely manner. 6, clean health----engineering work sites, temporary facilities clean and tidy inside and outside. 7, mechanical health----engineering machinery, vehicles are maintained in good condition, looks clean, and free from dirt, dust, electrical switchgear (box) complete with lock, mechanical safety protection equipment and complete, sensitive and reliable. 8, fire, defend----perfect fire system, set in accordance with requirements of fire equipment, set up obvious fire safety signs and signage, provide effective fire-fighting equipment, establishment of a security system, and out of the site staff to wear to work, marks and signs, implements