不规则动词过去式和过去分词、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳

不规则动词过去式和过去分词、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳 不规则动词过去式和过去分词、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规 则、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳 (一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词 动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点，而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点，但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。 二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如: come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如: 1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如: lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如: sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held 3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如: keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如: buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如: say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如: have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如: 五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如: blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如: rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten (二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1) 规则变化 情况 例词 读音与说明 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 一般在动词原形后加-ed look call open need looked called opened needed looked [lukt] called [kC:ld] opened [5EupEnd] needed [ni:did] ?-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d] ?-ed在〔t]、〔d〕 后发音为[id] ?但fix的过去式和过去 分词x不双写，为fixed. 以-e结尾的动词加-d move phone hope agree moved phoned hoped agreed moved [mu:vd] phoned [fEund] hoped [hEupt] agreed [E5^ri:d] 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i， 再加-ed study carry try studied studied carried studied [5stQdid] carried [5kArid] tried [traid] 以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play enjoy stay played enjoyed stayed played [pleid] enjoyed [in5dVCid] stayed [steid] 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan fit stopped planned fitted stopped [stCpt] planned [plAnd] fitted [5fitid] 以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母， 再加-ed prefer refer preferred referred preferred [prI`f:d] referred [ri5fE:] 2) 不规则变化 英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。 1(动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 cut(切) hit(打) cast(扔) hurt(伤害) put(放) let(让) shut(关) cost(花费) set(放) rid(清除) cut hit cast hurt put let shut cost set rid cut hit cast hurt put let shut cost set rid 2(过去式与过去分词完全同形。 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 find(找到) pay(支付) leave(离开) lend(借出) meet(遇见) keep(保持) lose(丢失) teach(教) sit(坐) lead(引导) win(赢)除) found paid left lent met kept lost taught sat led won found paid left lent met kept lost taught sat led won 3(动词原形与过去分词同形 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 come(来) run(跑) become(成为) came ran became come run become 4(动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 give(给) fly(飞) drink(喝) see(看见) go(去) know(知道) wear(穿) speak(说) gave flew drank saw went knew wore spoke given flown drunk seen gone known worn spoken 5(过去式和过去分词有两种形式 例: 原形 过去式 过去分词 burn(燃烧) burned burnt burned burnt learn(学习) learned learnt learned learnt smell(闻) smelled smelt smelled smelt spell (拼写) spelled spelt spelled spelt shine (照射) shined shone shined shone leap (跳) leaped leapt leaped leapt 提示 a. beat的过去式与原形同形: 比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词) b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同 比:lie lied, lied(说谎) lay, lain(躺，位于) c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同 比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑) hung, hung(挂，吊) d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词 比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正) welcome, welcome(误) e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词 比:hit(打) hit, hit(正) hitted, hitted(误) 6 现在分词的变化规则 规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音 一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，-ing发音为 [iN] go push play carry going [5^EuiN] pushing [5puFiN] playing [pleiiN] carrying [5kAriiN] 以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing take write leave taking [5teikiN] writing [5raitiN] leaving [5li:viN] 重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词， 双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop stop fit begin forget cutting [5kQtiN] stopping [5stCpiN] fitting [5fitiN] beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN] 以ie结尾的动词，要把ie改为y，再加-ing lie die tie lying [5laiiN] dying [5daiiN] tying [5taiiN (三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳 A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同. cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/ lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋 lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放 eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather. She _____ her books on the table. ____ B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同 1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是, :t, bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught 2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。 get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told 3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat 4. 动词原形中i为o, … win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined 5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood 6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid 7. a)动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent spend----spent----spent build----built----built b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/ d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/ feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept keep---- kept----- kept 其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard find----found----found hang----hung ----hung C.原型与过去分词相同 come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become D. 原形，过去式， 和 过去分词完全不同 1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词( begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung 2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词( blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似) 3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类( a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词( drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (双写t ) ride----rode----ridden (双写d ) b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词( speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词( wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten (双写t，加en ) d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词 eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (双写d ) E. 没有过去分词的动词 can ----- could , may---- might , shall---- should, will ---- would , 其它 am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done draw-----drew----- drawn, :, go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown wear--- wore ---- worn 不规则动词的过去式 (初二) 不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，如下: 1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变(如: become—became, come—came 2(把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如: begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam ，sink—sank， 3(把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如: drive—drove，ride—rode，shine—shone，win—won，write—wrote 4(动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如: get—got，forget—forgot 5(动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如: keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept 6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如: stand—stood，understand—understood 7(改动词原形中的aw ,ow为ew，变成过去式。如: draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw(动词show除外，show—showed) 8(动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如: break—broke，speak—spoke 9(动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如: sell—sold，tell—told 10(以ought和aught结尾，且读音是, :t,的过去式。如: bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 11(以ould结尾且读音为,ud,的情态动词过去式。如: can—could，shall—should，will—would 12(在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如: hear,hi ,—heard,h :d,， say,sei,—said,sed,， mean,mi:n,—meant,ment,， dream—dreamt ,dremt, 13(动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如: cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let，must—must， put—put，read—read,red,，set—set 14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如: dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked 15(不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如: am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell， feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ,has— had，hide—hid， hold—held，lay—laid，leave—left，lie—lay，lose—lost，make—made，may— might，run—ran，see—saw， smell—smelt，take—took，wake—woke， wear—wore 经过这么一指点，初二上册所学的这些知识就一目了然了，相信大家很快就能把它们记下来，并且一定 会有事半功倍的效果。