三大物质代谢复习

三大物质代谢复习 一、考点及近两年高考: 考纲要求: 近两年高考分析:每年都占10分左右。例如:2004年考了一题代谢图表分析题(《二轮》P39第9题，占8分)，选择题2分，关于脂肪肝，计10分;2005年考了两个单选题，占4分，非选择题“血糖浓度”含2分，计6分;2006年也考了一题代谢图表分析题(《二轮》P36，例1，占8分)，选择题2分，关于人体健康，计10分。 2007年会考什么,关注代谢与健康;课本中句句是经典，每一句话都能挖空考～ 二、回归课本 请写出葡萄糖的来源和去路图和脂肪、蛋白质在体内的变化图。 写出三大物质的关系图，并思考三大物质转化的条件。 关于人体健康思考几个小问题: 1、低血糖:产生的原因、症状等;请与高血糖、糖尿病比较。 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 2、肥胖:产生的原因、治疗等; 3、脂肪肝:产生的原因，预防措施等; 4、如何提高蛋白质的利用率,如何注意食物互补,(掺食) 5、人类七大营养素是什么, 纤维素与淀粉成分一样，都是由葡萄糖缩合而成的，但纤维素分子量小;膳食纤维的益处:保持消化系统健康;增强免疫系统;降低血脂和高血压; 维生素分为两大类:一类为脂溶性维生素，由维生素A、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K所构成;另一类为水溶性维生素，由维生素C和维生素B所构成。维生素参与了其它物质的代谢活动，是维持人体生命和健康所必不可少的一类营养素。它是人体营养系统的枢纽，其他营养素只是通过它的参与，才能转化为人体所需要的物质和能量。 三、例题解析: 例1:关注健康: 材料一:近年来，控制体重和科学减肥已成为市民的热门话题。现代医学研究表明肥胖会增加糖尿病、心脏病、脑溢血等疾病的发生率。 1(在减肥和预防肥胖的方法中，正确的是( ) 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. ?加强体育锻炼，养成体育锻炼的习惯 ?改变不良的生活方式，如作息时间安排不当、长时间观看电视等 ?控制油腻食物的摄人量，代以大量进食谷物和蛋白质 ?在医生的指导下服用减肥药物 A(??? B(??? C(??? D(??? 2、有人为了减肥而不吃油脂类食物，但饭量增大，结果反而变胖的原因是( ) A，饭类消化吸收率高 B(糖类转化为脂肪 C(体内物质氧化减慢 D。水喝得太多 :1C 2、 B 材料二、人体所需要的营养物质主要有水、无机盐、维生素、纤维素、糖类、脂类、蛋白质。这些营养物质在人体细胞中有着重要的作用。随着人们对食品质量要求的提高以及食品市场的不断繁荣发展，食品卫生安全问题也就越来越受到人们的重视，转基因食品、食品添加剂、绿色食品......这样的名词也经常见诸于报纸媒体。 1(如果人蛋白质摄入不足将会导致抵抗力下降，原因___ 。 2(人每天都要补充一定数量的蛋白质，理由是_____。 3( 早餐只喝牛奶不利于奶中物质被吸收利用，因为______. 4(餐桌上黄豆生的豆芽菜比黄豆本身更受欢迎，原因是_____. 答案: 1、由于抗体是蛋白质，因此会导致抗体的合成受到影响 2、蛋白质不能全部由脂肪和糖类在人体内转变而成 3、牛奶的营养成分作为能源物质被氧化分解释放能量，不合算且对人体有伤害; 4、黄豆长成豆芽菜的过程中有机物的种类增加了。 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 例2(8分)在人体内，通过循环系统的运输，不同的组织器官之间可以传送能源物质、中间产物和废物等。下图为肝脏和肌肉之间通过血液循环的部分物质联系，?~?表示物质，a~d表示过程。请据图分析并回答: A B 血液循环 ? ?? b b 葡萄糖 ? 葡萄糖 a ATP ATP d d c c ? ? ? ? ? ? ??尿素? ?体外 乳 酸 乳 酸 (1)A、B器官中属于肝脏的是 。 (2)生物大分子物质?的生理作用是 。物质?的名称是 。 (3)过程d是 作用，胰岛素对过程a、b的作用效应分别是 、 。 (4)A器官能对B器官释放的乳酸重新利用。这在能量代谢和稳态方面的主要生理意义是 。 答案:例1((8分) (1) A (2) 暂时储存能量，并维持血糖含量的相对稳定 丙酮酸 (3) 脱氨基 抑制 促进 酶(4) 减少能源物质的浪费，更新肝糖元;有利于维持血浆pH的 相对稳定(1，1) 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 人和动物体内三大营养物质的代谢 (一)糖类代谢 1、食物中的糖类:淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖。 2、葡萄糖 在细胞中的变 化 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. (二)脂类代谢 1、食物中的脂类:脂肪(甘油三酯)、少量磷脂(卵磷脂、脑磷脂)和胆固醇 2、脂肪在各组织器官中发生的变化 (三)蛋白质代谢 1、氨基酸在细胞中的变化 2、人体的必需氨基酸:赖氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸、缬氨酸 三、三大营养物质代谢的关系 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 四、三大营养物质代谢与人体健康 1、血糖的来源和去路 5、正确利用食物中蛋白质维持健康的方法 (1)人体每天要摄入足够量的蛋白质(儿童少年、孕妇及大病初愈的人食物中更应该含较多的蛋白质)。 (2)合理选择和搭配食物，满足人体对各种氨基酸(尤其是必需氨基酸)的需求。 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city. 糖原的分解，首先都要形成6-磷酸葡萄糖。6-磷酸葡萄糖的去向取决于它是在骨胳肌细胞内产生的，还是在肝细胞内产生的。若在骨胳肌细胞中，由肌糖元生产的6-磷酸葡萄糖将是入糖酵解途径，在肝细胞中，由肝糖元产生的6-磷酸葡萄糖既可以进入糖酵解途径，也可以被葡萄糖6-磷酸酶转化为葡萄糖。为何肌细胞不能将6-磷酸葡萄糖转化葡萄糖呢,肌细胞中没有这种葡萄糖6-磷酸酶。 通过以上的分析:就可以得出葡萄糖与肝糖元可以互相转变，而葡萄糖与肌糖元却只能从葡萄糖变成肌糖元，从肌糖元却不能直接变成葡萄糖的结论了。 5, working mechanism, some of the functions of regulatory measures did not form normalization, are engaged in mass, engage in Raiders of the phenomenon, not really so often caught, often grasping; some cross department functions and responsibilities unclear, shuffle disputes over trifles; some departments create atmosphere thick enough, on the facade of the glamorous but internal environment dirty and messy, number of PSAs for non-compliance, and so on. On the existence of these problems, the county at all levels and departments must attach great importance to, to catch catch early small, targeted, take effective measures to solve them, to create the actual results of city let people live better, more harmonious, more civilized. Two, focus, grasp the key to realistically catch fine Chong City tasks According to the urban civilization evaluation requirements and the actual situation of the county. The county deepen civilized city created to firmly grasp the cultivation and practice the socialist core value concept of the fundamental task, adhere to the "to hit the city to promote the work, let a city for the benefit of the people, the fundamental purpose of, fully optimized to promote the construction of" eight "of the larger environment, and constantly improve the quality and extent of urban civilization civilized people, strive to Juxian built into a beautiful environment, good order, quality service, people's satisfaction with the civilized city.