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语法填空解题技巧与训练

2017-10-13 20页 doc 56KB 67阅读

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语法填空解题技巧与训练语法填空解题技巧与训练 语法填空题的四大命题特点 了解和研究高考语法填空题的命题特点,对师生复习备考,都大有裨益。从语法填空 题空格的设置来看,至少应当包括以下4个特点: 1. 考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则,不会单纯考查单 词的拼写和词组的用法。 例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they______ (allow) to attend wedding...
语法填空解题技巧与训练
语法填空解题技巧与训练 语法填空题的四大命题特点 了解和研究高考语法填空题的命题特点,对师生复习备考,都大有裨益。从语法填空 题空格的设置来看,至少应当包括以下4个特点: 1. 考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则,不会单纯考查单 词的拼写和词组的用法。 例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they______ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 解析:因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系,要用被动语态,用be allowed;由had, left可 知be是一般过去式;主语是复数they,be的过去式是were,是were allowed。 点评:此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。 例 2 The ______ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 解析:因为why 引导的定语从句,前面的先行词一定是reason。 点评:此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词,但实际上是考查定语从句。 像下题这样重点考查单词拼写的试题,在高考语法填空题中出现的机会是不大的。 例3 It was _______(笨拙的) to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself. 解析:此题答案为awkward。点评:解答此题与句子意思理解无关,与语境更无关系,也 与语法规则无多大关系,只考查单词的识记。 2. 考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法,其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点 来命题,否则,就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说,考生要填出正确答案,至少需理解 整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系,或者需要理解前后几个句子,甚至整个段落或 篇章。 例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts… 解析:在冠词the后必定是名词,再根据下句可确定要填cities。 点评:本题若只根据设空句本身,而不阅读并理解下文,是不可能填出正确答案的。 诚然,像下列之类无需考虑语境的试题也有可能出现,但笔者认为,即使有,也不会多。 例5 I should have known when to hold fast and when to let go, which can help me avoid ______ (feel) great pressure and upset. 解析:因为在avoid后作宾语的动词只能用-ing形式,所以答案为feeling。 点评:只要知道avoid后接动词的-ing形式,就可填出答案,考生无需理解上下文,也无需理解本句句意即可填出答案,即解答此题无需考虑语境。 3. 考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点,10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点,至少也得有7个语法点。笔者认为,即使对一些非常重要的语法项目,如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等,单独一项也可能是一空,至多两空,设三空的可能性是极小的。 4. 适当提示。笔者认为,一般不会有“连词”“冠词”“介词”之类的中文提示,因为纯属多此一举,考生完全可以从句子的结构中或语境中推断出来。 例5 …daydreaming is ______ (冠词) waste of time. ……)结构,显然应当填解析:waste作“浪费”解,是不可数名词,或者用于a waste of(浪费 a。 点评:因a waste of time /money (浪费时间/金钱)是一个固定搭配,考生知道这一点,无需提示,正确填出也只是举手之劳,否则,有中文提示也无济于事,只能瞎碰。 例6 Have you ever been in a meeting ______ (连词) someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? 解析:因Have you ever been in a meeting是个句子,someone was making a speech也是句子,两个句子之间必定要用一个连词连接,由两句间的意义关系可知填while。 点评:两句之间没有分号,也没有连词,结构不完整,一定是填连词,中文提示是画蛇添足。 但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格,有可能有英文单词的提示,因为重点在于考查语法规则,而不是单词拼写。 例7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 解析:reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,用现在分词作状语,故填reaching。 例8 It would be ______ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends! 解析:因为在系动词be后作表语,要用believe的形容词形式believable;由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友,真难以置信!”可知,还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un,答案为unbelievable。 语法填空的考查范围: 1 语境(上下文); 2 语法: 动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭 配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。 语法填空的能力: 1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.句子结构的能力 3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力 5.句子的类型: 简单句(五种基本结构) 并列句(转折;因果;联合;选择) 名词性从句;形容词性从句;副词性从句) 复合句( 名词性从句包括(主语从句;宾语从句;表语从句;同位语从句) 形容词性从句――定语从句 副词性从句――状语从句(时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件, 方式,让步) 考察特点 一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形,根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式,首先抓住主 谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语; 是谓语就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。 1… Ms Chen (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. (广州一模) 2… I was certain she would like it because I (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (广州一模) 3… The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,______(change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 4 I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________(break) his finger. (深 二模) 5 The child, Nicole Hobson, (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check …(汕头二模) 6 A transit spokesman said the driver should (make) radio call to the control center for help. (汕头二模) 7 An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that (encourage) students to study abroad.(茂名二模) 8 One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模) 9. We must also consider the reaction of the person (receive) the gift. (广州一模) 10 … With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement..(广州二模) 11 … I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________(complete) the test. .(广州二模) 12. There, (place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five pennies—her tip! (深一模) 13. ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. (茂名二模) 14. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday,______(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring…(梅州二模) 15(We must practice speaking and (write) the language whenever we can. 16(but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模) 17. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. (东莞一模) Keys: 1. has taught / has been teaching /had taught /had been teaching 2. was told/ had been told 3. was changed 4. had broken 5. was being taken 6. have made 7. encourages 8. had watched 9. receiving 10. solved 11. to complete 12. placed 13. compared 14. destroying 15. writing 16. to memorize 17. Presented 二、代词 挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间出现不连贯。 1. …I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax . (广州二模) 2. The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. (深一模) 3. …the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.(汕头 二模) 4(If you give your children … that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard as unfit or unable persons. (深圳罗湖) 5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students,…(茂名二模) 6(Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear spoken.(佛山一模) Keys: 1. myself 2. his 3. nothing 4. themselves 5. them 6. it 三、定语从句的引导词( 必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断,从而补出引导词,这本身就是考查逻辑思维能 力。 1.…The exam, was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模) 2… Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. (广州一模) 3. It was a poem about me, ______ included the time …(深二模) 4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students ____came back to China after study. (茂名二模) 5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, is supported by the Chinese government. (茂名二模) Keys: 1. which 2. where 3. which 4. who 5. which 四、连词(从属连词/并列连词) A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether;副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until … 1. … Many things must be considered such as the person is interested in and how old he is. (广州一模) 2.My face turned red on hearing __ my mother said. (惠州一模) 3. She would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. (深圳罗湖) 4(The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考) 5. I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. (深二模) 6. children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent. 7. Statistics show that China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. (茂名二模) 8( we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. (佛山一模) 9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _________ the danger lies. Keys: 1. what 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. when 6. Unless 7. since 8. If 9. where B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so… 挖掉关联词,要 想补上连词,思路必须与作者思路相吻合。 1(… I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered I finally found the solution. (广州二模) 2(… I asked my classmates about her interest I made my final decision. (广 州一模) 3.Tom, an 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop sat at a table.(深一模) 4. It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework, with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home. (深圳罗湖) Keys: 1. until 2. and 3. and 4. but 五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise,first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。 1(This, , didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模) 2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise . (深圳罗湖) Keys: 1. however 2. instead 六、特殊句型(或固定短语)考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查 语法。 1. It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table. 2. … was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG! (广州一模) 3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. (深二模) 4.…"as a matter of _ , you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模) 5(When Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring Nicole's life…(汕头二模) 6. The child was stricken about a mile away the hospital. (汕头二模) Keys: 1. before 2. It 3. that 4. fact 5. back 6. from 七、冠词 1(… But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question. (广州二模) 2… Then I went to the department store … and bought her expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模) 3. Tom, 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. (深一模) 4(He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other things. (深二模) 5. I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having ___ heart failure. (汕头二模) 6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _____ comparatively cheap one.(东莞一模) Keys: 1. the 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a 6. a 八、词形变化或者词性变化( 给出单词的原形,通过句子分析,缺少什么成分,再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这 属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。 1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模) 2. … (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州 二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit (patience). (深一模) 4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). (深一模) 5. I don’t know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to ______(soft) the blow, but it work. (深二模) 6. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模) 7. You have done well and made great achievement in the _ (entertain) field. (惠一模) 8. These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.(茂名二模) 9. …to check her (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. (汕头二模) 10(The tornadoes damaged several______(new) built buildings,…(梅州二模) 11(Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative…(四校联考) 12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. (东莞一模)Keys: 1. appreciation 2. Fortunately 3. impatient 4. rudely 5. soften 6.misunderstand 7. entertainment 8. contributions 9. recently 10. newly 11.beneficial 12.exciting 九、介词或数词 1. I was always told that the three Ps,…,were a sure path_____ success. (广州二模) 2("Don't be always particular _ your present work and income. (惠州一模) 3. It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______ constructive criticism. (深二模) 4. He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made______his personal taste. (梅州一模) 5. Five were in critical condition_ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the center's chief operating officer. (梅州二模) 6(There is no easy way to success language learning. 7. It was his ______ (nine ) year of school. (深二模) Keys: 1. to 2. about 3. with 4. to 5. with 6. in 7. ninth 十、形容词/副词 1. One of the (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. (广州一模) 2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _____ one, at the top of which…(深二模) 3. Many other actors are ___ (badly)off than me at present,…(惠州一模) 4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% than the year before. (茂名二模) Keys: 1. worst 2. next/other 3. worse 4. more Step IV Practice 语法填空专练一 In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5 life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now? 语法填空专练二 Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. 语法填空专练三 We may be very 1 (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2 (exam) systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4 (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination 5 will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination stystem should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the 7 (good) in their studies. In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9 (come) examination. There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge. 语法填空专练四 More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according 1 a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape 2 (press) from work, almost all said they worry more 3 they do at home. Only fore in every one hundred said that they are happy and free of care.The most common worry is burglary(入室盗窃), with four out of ten worrying about their homes 4 (break) into while they are abroad. More than a quarter feel they will feel crazy 5 some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and twenty-two percent worry they may be attacked 6 their possessions will be 7 (miss). The survey also showed 8 the stay-at home Americans are no more. Three out of every five want to have a holiday abroad, which was 9 increases from the figures only three years ago. The hotel holiday is still a winner, with about one third of all Americans 10 (prefer) to go on a self-catering(自助) holiday. 语法填空专练五 Many Chinese believe 1 (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 2 (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. 3 , doctor don’t recommend to eat 4 raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found 5 relationship 6 diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet 7 most people lack the special vitamins 8 these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods 9 (regular), they can increase brain power--help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and 10 ( less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test. 语法填空专练六 Millions 1 words have been said about young people in the United States. There are reasons for this great interest in their ideas, 2 (feel) and actions. Today there are about eight million Americans in the colleges and universities. The young under twenty-five make 3 nearly half of the American population, many of 4 will be in power in the U.S.. 5 (nature), their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and 6 is necessary for the older people to understand 7 they think and feel. College students today have strong opinions aboutright and 8 . They are deeply interested in making a 9 (good) life for all the people, especially for those who have never 10 (give) a fair chance before. 语法填空专练七 Liu Xiang was the first Asian ______1_____ (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. ______2____ that he became an idol(偶像) to the young people. “I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic____3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese ____4____ for Asia. My race went ______5_____ (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is_____6_____ amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for _____7____their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we ____8_____ run as fast as anybody else.” Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. ___9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s ____10____ I love.” 语法填空专练八 Life is difficult. But life is no longer difficult once we truly understand and accept it. Most do not fully see this truth. ___1___ they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent ___2___special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.___3___ makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems ___4___ painful. Problems, ___5___ (depend) on their nature,cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are ___6___ (comfort) feelings, often as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells success from___7___ (fail). When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems just as in school we set problems for our children __8___(solve). It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems ___9___we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt , instruct.” It is ___10___this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems. Step V Homework巩固本节课所复习的内容 Keys:一 1. nineteenth 2. where 3. or 4. tells 5. the 6. other 7. themselves 8. thankful 9. forward 10. living 二 1. it 2. on 3. unselfish 4. required 5. saying 6. should 7. other 8. so 9. worse 10. the 三 1. pleased 2. examination 3. on 4. ability 5. which/ that 6. what 7. best 8. an 9. coming 10. well 四 1. to 2. pressure 3. than 4. being broken 5. with 6. or 7. missing 8. that 9. an 10. preferring 五 1. eating 2. uncooked 3. However 4. either 5. a 6. between 7. because 8. that 9. regularly 10. lessen 1. of 2. feelings 3. up 4. whom 5. Naturally 6. it 7. what 8. wrong 9. better 六 10. been given 七 1. to win 2. after 3.record 4. but (also) 5. wonderfully 6.an 7. all 8.can 9. But 10.what 八 1. Instead 2.a 3. What 4.is5.depending 6. uncomfortable 7.failure 8. to solve 9. that 10. for
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