[英语考试]英语4_6级考试作文模板

[考试]英语4_6级考试作文模板 一、关于听力::: 第一招:相关保留原则 当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中～这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可～ 典型例: 4. A) Visiting the Browning. B) Writing a postcard. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form. 例题分析:B、C两项均含有 a poscard ，B、D两项均含有写...之意，即B、C和B、D构成双重相关，即可得出B为正确选项～ 本题听力原文: 4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space. W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say. Q: What\'s the woman doing? 第二招:异项保留原则 当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现～如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛～ 典型例题: 6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either. B) She can’t afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away. 例题分析:A、B异项，A项的意思是她现在有电脑，B项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。B、D异项，B是说女方无电脑，而D是说男方无电脑，男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项～ 本题听力原文: 6. M: I\'m frustrated. We\'re supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library. W: I understand the way you feel. I\'m looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own. Q: What does the woman mean? 第三招:女士保留原则 做题做多了，我们应该了解西方人的思维方式，当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时，我们一定要注意，这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意～因为女士经常以女神的形象出面，她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息～ 典型例题: 9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing. B) The man should take up a new hobby. C) The man should stop playing tennis. D) The man should find the cause for his failure. 例题分析:通过选项我们可以分析出男人做一些事情遇到了困难，这时一位女人出来安慰男人，根据女神原则可知女人一定会让男人坚持把这件事情做下去，而不要放弃，这样的题型太多了，所以可呈现出一定的规律性～ 本题听力原文: 9. M: I think I\'m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today. W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit? Q: What does the woman imply? 第四招:概括、抽象保留原则 当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时，这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉，而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子～此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则，在作题时应用也是十分的广泛，一般当两个选项的意思接近时，表述比较全面的一般为正确选项～ 典型例题: 7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college 例题分析:A、C、D均为表述事实的句子，只有B项为对比、比较的句子，较之A、C、 D项更为抽象的表述了一件事情，所以B项为正确选项～ 本题听力原文: 7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesn\'t seem to think much of him. W: That\'s because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought. Q: What do we learn from the woman\'s remark? 第五招:态度和虚拟保留原则 这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性，只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现，当 只剩下两个选项时，通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案，表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案～ 英语万能作文(模板型) Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.... 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。 As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. 然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Com e up with different attitudes 有不同的看法) As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.... 随着社会的发展，人们开始关注............ People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. 关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不 同的观点。 In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。 Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that.... 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。 The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们 带来了很多问题。 ...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?" _______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过， 问题是:"我们该如何抉择?" Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。 People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case. 不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。 The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。 When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer... 说到______，有人认为________，而另一些人则认为__________。 Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. 俗话说，""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。 To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. 对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。 There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that... 万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。 When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as .... 提到_________问题，很多人认为_________，不过，一些人则认为______是____. When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as... 提到_________问题，仅少数人认为________，但另一些人则认为_________。 There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...argue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that... 目前，_______问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为_______，他们认为_______， 不过，另一方面，赞同_______的人则认为_________。 Some people are of the opinion that.. 有些人认为_____________。 Many people claim that... 很多人认为_____________。 A majority of 绝大多数 A large number of 很多人 Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages) 有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。 Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities. 觉得_____的人认为，______ 城市的经济发展。 Some people advocate that .... 有些人在坚持认为_________。 They hold that ... 他们认为_________。 People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds) 坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。 Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。 Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it. 强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。 Many people would claim that... 有人会认为___________。 People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons. 那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。 But others hold the view that ...但是，另外一些人则认为_______。 观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take, have, come up wi th，set forth, put forward等。 But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,. 不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。 But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that... 不过，另一方面，________的人认为__________。 However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case. 然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。 问题用词:Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。 However, some others argue that... 然而，另一些人则认为_________。 However, there are also some others who contend that... 然而，也有人认为__________。 But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case. 不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。 Some people examine this issue from another angle. 有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。 On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ... 另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_____________。 According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than... 根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_______而不会选择__________。 Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion... 就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)___________。 Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view. 就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。 To my point of view 我认为 To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortc omings) 我认为，优点胜过缺点。 For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.. 就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点________________。 As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view. 在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。 After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that... 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即________________________。 If asked to make a decision, I would prefer... 如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿____________。 展现问题篇 问题的常用词:question, problem, issue Recently, the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus. 近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。 Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional prac tice. 现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很 大改变。 Recently the issue of whether or not ... has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. 近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。 The issue whether it is good or not to .... has aroused a heated discussion all over the country. ______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。 At present, some people think ....while others claim ...Both sides have their merits. 目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。 People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. 对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。 People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case. 不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。 The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。 When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer... 说到______，有人认为________，而另一些人则认为__________。 Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. 俗话说，""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。 To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. 对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。 There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that... 万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。 When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as .... 提到_________问题，很多人认为_________，不过，一些人则认为______是____. When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as... 提到_________问题，仅少数人认为________，但另一些人则认为_________。 There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...argue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that... 目前，_______问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为_______，他们认为_______， 不过，另一方面，赞同_______的人则认为_________。 Some people are of the opinion that.. 有些人认为_____________。 Many people claim that... 很多人认为_____________。 A majority of 绝大多数 A large number of 很多人 Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages) 有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。 Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities. 觉得_____的人认为，______ 城市的经济发展。 Some people advocate that .... 有些人在坚持认为_________。 They hold that ... 他们认为_________。 People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds) 坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。 Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。 Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it. 强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。 Many people would claim that... 有人会认为___________。 People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons. 那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。 But others hold the view that ...但是，另外一些人则认为_______。 观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take, have, come up wi th，set forth, put forward等。 But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,. 不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。 But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that... 不过，另一方面，________的人认为__________。 However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case. 然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。 问题用词:Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。 However, some others argue that... 然而，另一些人则认为_________。 However, there are also some others who contend that... 然而，也有人认为__________。 But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case. 不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。 Some people examine this issue from another angle. 有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。 On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ... 另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_____________。 According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than... 根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_______而不会选择__________。 Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion... 就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)___________。 Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view. 就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。 To my point of view 我认为 To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings) 我认为，优点胜过缺点。 For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.. 就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点________________。 As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view. 在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。 After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view th at... 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即________________________。 If asked to make a decision, I would prefer... 如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿____________。 三、如何准备四级阅读 1、练习阅读方法，提高阅读速度。传统的三种方法:1)先看文章后作题。是用这种方法 应注意三点:1、注意文章中心与作者基本观点，即抓大的放小的。 2、注意重要细节的位 置，第一遍阅读时在了解主题之后知道某个东西在哪里，胜过你知道他是什么。3、阅读速 度稍快。不能过分沉迷于原文，速度要快一点。 2)先看问题再读文章 要抓对重点 适用于文章:1、难度较大的文章2、只包含一两段的流 水账文章。流水账文章段落少层次感较差，可以先看题目看清问题，确定大概的位置。3、 细节题较多的文章。 缺点:对主题把握不够明确。 3)读一层意思做一道题，读文章做题交叉进行。本方法适用于:1、段落较多的文章2、阅读速度较慢的同学。注意事项:1每次阅读一小段或者一长段的一半2阅读速度比第一种阅读方法要稍慢一些，力求弄清本段意思3每次读新的内容之前，最好把接下来要回答的问题要先看一下。每篇文章为9分钟，读原文要5分钟，做题要4分钟 注意不良的阅读习惯:1逐词指读 正确方法要读意群 2出声阅读 2、分析句子结构 注意句子的主干，其他可以不看 3、熟悉体型 主题 (main mainly primary primarily中心思想 写作目的 标题)细节(定位原文 关注考试原则)词意(包括指带 上下文推断词义 词根 )推理(细节性推理题 infer题型 conclude题型)态度(表示态度的首段 选项的含义) 4、课外阅读 主要是看复旦大学和上海交大的书 5、授课内容与方式 对阅读一般性了解，结合一篇文章讲一讲四级的阅读方法 细节题的导入 3细节题考试原则常考的语言现象 5主题方面的总结 8 难题穿一穿 四级一般的阅读方法和做题方法概括四句话:1扫读题干关键词 2浏览原文作标记 3比较选项得答案 4迅速排除省力气 其中核心是浏览原文作标记 可以标记的地方:1指示性的具体信息 如时间、人物、数字 2与文章结构有关的中心信息 包括:主题句 转折词(but however yet出现这几个词的时候一般都会考到)其他标记题号 考试原则 文章首句出现定义或者概念，通常就是主题 出现转折必会考到 主题在末段的可能性接近于零0 任何主题题型只要选项包含细节就直接错误，不管它有大多伟大 按时间顺序阐述的文章主题通常在首末段，尤其是首段 细节题定为原则:细节出现多次，优先考虑首次定位 原文有个词，再在选项中弄一个与其相类似的单词作干扰选项 作词义题的方法:根据上下文确定同义或反义的关系 两个动词分不开的时候看主语 doubt or challenge 一般的理科文章只要作者不是骂骂咧咧的，他的口气态度一般都是客观的 出现连串数字或者年代时常被考到 流水账文章一般不考主题 一道题答案有疑问时，找特殊位置，找特殊语言现象 这篇文章给我们的启发是文章中有些句子比其他句子要更加重要一些。重要局:有些句子常被考到位于特殊位置。主要包括三种:1)各段首句2)全文末句3)文中结论解释句 问句在第一段首末常有意义，与主题挂钩。其他地方的问句大都是调侃的现场不要老分析它的意思。 一个选项有毛病主要是形容、词副词在作怪。 作那种四个选项哪个是对的题目，注意:1)正确答案一般针对全文或者段落主题2)通过排除得到正确答案 细节题小结 一、做题步骤 1、根据问题中的关键词回原文定位。关键词包括1)一般为名词或名词词组2)优先考虑的关键词:?专有名词，包括人名和带“”的词?数字、时间?形容词和副词?比较或因果语 言现象 2仔细阅读包含关键词的句子，在本句、上下句寻找线索。 3、将包含线索的句子与选项进行比较，对线索句进行同义替换的为正确答案。同义替换有三种方式:?关键词替换?正话反说?语言简化 二、按照顺序寻找答案 由于细节题的排列顺序，一般对应原文的叙述顺序，所以一般按顺序寻找答案。 三、难以定位的细节题的处理方式 四、细解题错位的做题方法 列举原则:?原文连续提3-4项叫列举 ?列举这种语言现象常与except题型相对应 ?问某一段没有提到什么，其他段落的内容通常成为正确答案。四级里分散列举比较少 关于实验型文章 ?在实验型文章中，通常可以根据问题中的动词定位 ?答案基本上按顺序寻找 实验型文章包括:?代表人物 ?实验目的 实验目的=主题=1。2段的目的不定式 ?实验结果 有实验结果的句子一般被考到，其他的都是小细节。实验结果一般都是以动词来体现的。 实验型文章的试验目的一般相对确定，多次问试验目的一般都指向同一个结果 ——四级考试中一般有五个表示试验结果的重要动词:find, show, identify, observe, noti ce一般看到含有这几个词的句子要注意，通常看后面有没有类似的词出现在问题中;反之，看到问题中有这几个词的时候要到文章中找这几个词，这些都是近义词。 实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式 第一段首末出现转折常与主体挂钩. 文章中没有主题句时，综合各段首句，其中共有的词汇为本文的主题词。 问标题的基本思路:?寻找本文的主题词 ?注意选项范围的大小(不能过小不能过大)91-6-38 问题中含有文中的主题词时，正确答案针对段落主题，在主题句中找 在四级中 when as if 这三个词，在问题中出现一个，就在原文中找没有when 就找as或者 if,条件句找条件句。 根据动词词组的副词确定意思，常见的副词有:?back 向后，阻挡 ?off 脱离?on 继续 ?down 向下 比较原则 一、比较结构 1、比较级，比较级的表现形式是+er或more。 2、最高级，最高级表现形式是+est 或 most。 3、词汇首段，作为比较来考的词汇有:——like,unlike,different from ,differ from 4、句型结构 ——as……as 二、绝对意义 ——first , least, none 三、唯一性 ——only solely unique 如何思考:1、将问题中或选项中的比较原则与原文类似语言现象相对应 2、文章中的比较原则一般都对应后文的问题，四级原文出现比较要敏锐的感觉道一般都会有一道题目的。特别是全文的段首句、段末句和文章中心解释句。 3、选项中出现比较在原文找不到对应时，该选项直接错误。Only most less more 指代原则 一、做题步骤: 1、返回原文找到指代词所在的位置 2、向上搜索名词性的词组或句子 3、用四个选项替换该指代题 二、判断原则——简单地说是就近指代。就近指代是代词指代在主格宾格、单复数、位置、意义等方面与之接近的名词。 三、补充说明 ——this that it such 既可以指代单数名词，也可以指代他们之前的句子。 问段落唯一的例子的意思，答案指向段落主题句。问一个类比或例子不能照抄原文的。实在没有办法就看这个段落那个单词出现的次数多，就可能是本段的主题词。 如果在问题中遇到various change alter different 中的一个词，在文中必有其中另一个词。 如果四个选项中有两个意思是相反的，那么其中必有一个是正确的;如果有两个意思都是一样的，那么这两个选项一定都是错误的。 许多选项出现:文章里是客观描述，结果到了选项里变成了主观性的描述，这些选项是错误的——这是四级常用的陷阱。 选项中口气太绝的也是错误的 出题的位置包括: 1、重要句，重要句包括:?各段首末句 ?文中结论解释句 2、特殊语言现象，包括:比较、转折、数字、因果和例子(尤其是很长的例子的时候他喜欢考)。 当文章的主题句、中心思想很难找的时候，可以看在文章的段首段尾句、关键的句子里出现多的单词，一般是主题词;另一种方法是看5个题目中的各个选项出现次数比较多的词也可能是主题词。 文章第一段出现问句，应该特别关注。 句子题的做题思路:?分析句子的结构，包含这个句子主干的选项为正确答案?看上下句，确定同义或反义关系。 文章比较难的学习方法 1、先找主题 2、学会这一类文章的看法，这类文章的共同特点是:语言难度高，背景较为复杂的文章。出题的方向有:?先看题目?抓重要和特殊语言现象?段落的论述通常从两个方面进行。 主题题型 一、1、有主题句时，与主题句相对应的为正确答案 ——如何找主题句:主题句具有总结性，一般位于文中三个地方?全文首句(出现得最多)?一段末句，一段末句出现转折或结论时常出现主题。?第二段的一、二句，二段对一段进行总结或否定时常出现主题。例如进行总结的文章;进行否定的文章; 2、文中没有主题句时，各段首句相加，其中共有的词汇为本文的主体词，必须出现在主题题型的正确答案中。 主题词的特征有:?一般为名词或名词词组;?出现频率较高;?一般位于段落首句。 二、根据语言提示寻找主题 1、根据文章结构确定主题，常见的结构有:?结论解释型的文章，结论为主题所在。一般首句是个判断句或者有态度时就常是结论，尤其是首句之后紧跟较长的例子或细节时。 ?现象解释型的文章，解释为文章主题所在。——问句出现在一段首末句，问句等于现象。回答就是主题。 ?问题解决型文章，解决方案为文章主题。2001年6月第一篇 2、文章首句中的主题名词，尤其是主语在后文被重复时，暗示首句为本文的主题句。 三、主题题型的变体 1、标题，本文最好的标题 ?正确答案对应文章的主题词;?选项范围要恰如其分;2000年12月15题 2、写过目的?写作目的等于中心思想;?文章中谈到困难或问题(problem,difficulty,hards hip)时，包含下列动词的选项优先考虑:warn,remind, 四、主题题型的正误选项的特征 1、正确选项必须包含文中的主题词; 2、错误选项主要有两种:?包含细节;?出现了原文中没有提到的内容。 文章中出现两个对立观点时，作者可以明确支持其中一派;如果不明确支持其中一派，他的态度一般是折衷的。 词义题 一、返回原文找到被考的词或短语 二、做题方法 ?根据上下文确定同义或反义关系(寻找词性和语法功能相同的词，根据他们来确定意思) ?根据词根或动词词组的副词判断意义 三、字面意思或大纲中的第一个意思通常不是答案 例证题 1、例证题的总原则:问一个例子或类比的目的或原因，答案为该例子前后总结说明性的话。 2、两种模式:?先总结，后例子答案往前找;给出例子时常有提示词:for example ,for i nstance ?先例子后总结答案往后找;给出总结时常用提示词:therefore thus 等结论性词汇。 3、三种情况:?全文性的例子，答案为本文的主题;?段落性的例子，答案指向段落主题句，在本段的首末句;?在没有标志词的情况下，问一个单词例证什么，通常等于问该单词在句子中的意思;01-6-29例证题和指代题一样，比较干扰选项是比较不出来的，选出正确答案了就不要看其他的选项了。 对于文章写的比较郁闷，作者观点不明确的文章，作者对文中的问题一般表示关注。 Concerned 对于一个事件不管渲染的多么可怕，不出人命就不叫 fatal 致命的 因果原则 1、隐性因果:即问题出现因果词，但原文找到的句子没有因果词，一般集中与段落的前两 句;尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。 2、显性因果:?因果名词(在问题中有因果，在原文中也有因果):reason result basis ?因果动词:base on ,be due to , result from , result in ?因果连词或介词:because, with, why , for, as ?因果副词:therefore , thus ,as a result 在文章中看见因果词就要想到后面会考到;在选项中看到因果词，就要想到文中的因果现象。 如果文章中谈一个现实问题，解决方案一般不够完美，所以涉及解决方案的选项具有以下特征才是正确的:?目前解决方案不行;?需要继续寻找解决方案。2001-6-first 实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式，对于实验性文章，实验代表人物有了，再看实验目的，然后是实验结果，凡是与这三点无关的句子都要快读。 有时候有的段落没有题，没有题的段落出现在选项里常常是干扰选项。 选项错误大多跟形容词和副词有关 文章的主题可以用两个方式来表达:?直接阐述作者的观点;?否定与作者相反、相对立的观点。 推理题 1、问题中有线索时，根据线索找到原文相关句，与相关句意思一致的为正确答案。所以说不管题目中有imply include infer,只要问题中有一个线索，比如:人名、地名、关键词，就拿着这些词回原文找和原句一对应，就出来答案。 2、infer题，一般对应相应段落，否则对应文章主题。 此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没有什么线索，这时我们应该看该题的位置，如果是文章开始，那就对应文章开始;出在2、3、4那就一般和234对应，最多错一个段落，否则就是对应文章主题;如果在最后的话，那优先对应文章最后。 3、推论(conclude)题: ?为第一题时，通常对应文章主题;?为2、3、4题时，基本上针对文章中间段落;?为最后一道题时，优先对应文章最后部分，有时也针对文章主题。 与主题有关的优先考虑。 总复习 1、利用两周左右的时间复习学过的内容;包括:?总结所有错误题目的主要问题;?结合文章消化做题方法;?归纳难词难句; 2、继续做题:?做题的进度，每周2-3个单元;?作题的遍数。真题作两遍。99年6月以后的做两遍研究一遍。(上海外语教育出版社《大学英语四级最新考题祥解》)?根据上下文记忆词汇;(最后)?模考;99-6、2001-6加上2002-1(最新刚考过的)的题目。 (ss3721 总结) Of all the countries , china will be the best . Of all the students, you will top the t est. 万国之中以中华为最，万人之中为你出类拔萃 Chapter One 文章开头句型 1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏 向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. 例如(e.g) [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently. [2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...) [3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether..... 1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. ----- To be continued !! 1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看 法. e.g: [1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than... [2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that... [3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章 要展开论述的观点! e.g: [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . "Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. [2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......". 1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: [1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... . [2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new. 1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章 的主题. e.g: [1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused public concern. [2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. [3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有 争议性的话题. e.g: Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ... But in my opinion , ...... . Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型 原因结果分析 3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g: [1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ... [2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For on e thing... For another...... Still another ... [3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affe ct .... /both individual and social contribute to .... 3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! e.g: [1]. Another important factor is .... [2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem. [3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for ..... 3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 . e.g: [1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.... [2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........ 比较对照句型 3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定 一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 ! e.g: [1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. [2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects. 3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没 有的特点时用! e.g: [1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar i n that..... [2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B. Chapter Three 文章结尾形式 2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心 思想及观点 . e.g: [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ..... [2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable ....... 2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. e.g: [1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of ....... [2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger. 2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g: [1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ...... [2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency. 2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和 具体的解决问题的方法. e.g: [1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is ..... [2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决 提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. e.g: [1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . [2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical. [3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........ 2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的 角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! e.g: [1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit ..... [2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .. Many people insist that... 很多人坚持认为... With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为... A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为... 引出不同观点: People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对...的观点因人而异.有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为((( People may have different opinions on... 人们对...可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异. There are different opinions among people as to... 关于.... 人们的观点大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同. 结尾部分 Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论... Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论... Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论... There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有...是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问 题. 提出建议: It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了. It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 该是采纳...的建议,并对...的进展给予特殊重视的时候了. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问,对...问题应予以足够的重视. Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是... Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能... It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到... 预示后果: Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that... 毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会... It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展. 论证部分 From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that... 我无法完全同意这一观点.... Personally, I am standing on the side of ...就个人而言,我站在...的一边. I sincerely believe that... 我真诚地相信... In my opinion, it is more advisable to do ... than to do.... 在我个人看来,做...比做...更明智. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why... 坦诚地说，最后，还有一个较为实际的原因，_________。 给出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, ... Second, ... Third, ... 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, ... 第二, ... 第三, ... Why did... ? For one thing... For another.... Perhaps the primary reason is... 为什么会...? 一个原因是... 令一个原因是...或许其主要原因是.... I quite agree with the statement that... the reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即...,其主要原因如下: 列出解决办法: Here are some suggestions for handling... 这是如何处理某事的一些建议. The best way to solve the troubles is... 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是... People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解 决这个问题. 批判错误观点和做法: As far as something is concerned, .... 就某事而言,... It was obvious that... 很显然,.... It may be true that..., but it doesn't mean that... 可能...是对的,但这并不意味着... It is natural to believe that... , but we shouldn't ignore that... 认为....是很自然的,但 我们不应忽视.... There is no evidence to suggest that... 没有证据表明... 作文中常用连接词的选择 表示强调的连接词 still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly. 表示比较的连接词 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 表示对比的连接词 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 表示列举的连接词 for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), to illustrate. 表示时间的连接词 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. 表示顺序的连接词 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important. 表示可能的连接词 presumably, probably, perhaps. 用于解释的连接词 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 表示递进的连接词 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again. 表示让步的连接词 although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen. 表示转折的连接词 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately. whereas 表示原因的连接词 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. 表示结果的连接词 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence. 用于总结的连接词 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. 其他类型连接词 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case, 图表作文常用句型 As is shown in the graph... 如图所示... The graph shows that... 图表显示... As can be seen from the table,... 从中可以看出... From the chart, we know that... 从这张表中,我们可知... All these data clearly prove the fact that... 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即... The increase of .... In the city has reached to 20%... 在这个城市的增长已达到20%. In 1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变. There was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况 TEM4便条背诵范文 1. 欠条;留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不 得涂改。 Sept. 16th, 2007 Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows: A copy of English History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu Weiren A copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang Yaoxin A copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen. Wu Zhuo For the Office of Social Science Department 2. 留言;用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用 便条留下的口信。 Tuesday Dear Li, As the Spring Festival is drawing near, I’m very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. I’m sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly. Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel? Yours always, Jiayang 3. 请假条:往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请 假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。 Jan. 10th Dear Ms. Jiang, I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days. I will go back to school as soon as I recover. Yours respectfully, Tian Ye Aug. 22nd Secretary Li, I’m sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug. 23rd to Sep. 3rd instantly, as the time is urgent. My father now in the hospital is badly ill and I have to take care of him for a few days, for I’m the only child in my family. I will show you the telegram about my father’s illness to support my application. I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back. Wish for your allowance. Yours respectfully ××× To Dean’s Office Dear Mr. Black: I am terribly sorry to inform you that I am unable to go to school today owing to a severe headache. I enclose a certificate from the doctor who is attending on me, as she fears it will be two days before I shall be able to resume my study. Could you kindly excuse my absence on Monday and Tuesday? Thanks. Peter Monday Miss Boffin, Please excuse Tom’s absence from school this morning. He caught a bad cold and had a high fever last night and could not fall asleep until midnight. I felt it would not be fair to the other children to allow her to attend school. So I am writing to ask you for three day’s sick leave and will let her resume her study if she feels better. Yours sincerely, Steven Mr. Zhang, I have just received a telegram saying that my father is seriously ill and urging me to go home at once. Because of this I would like to have a leave of two days beginning on August 26. I hope that my request will be given due consideration. Wang Ming August 25 Encl: A telegram from my home 4( 约请(Invitation) Sunday Dear Alice, Here is a piece of good news for you. The Russian National Ballet Troupe will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it and I leave you an admission card. The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not. ××× 下面是一封接受邀请的信，与上面第一封邀请信相对应: Dear Alice, Thank you very much for your invitation. It will be great pleasure for me to join you on Friday for the wonderful film. I will arrive at the cinema before eight. I look forward to meeting you on Friday. Thank you for thinking of me. Yours, Jane 谢绝邀请的回信一般包含以下几方面的内容:首先还是要对对方的邀请表示感谢;然后具体 说明自己无法接受邀请的原因，并对无法出席表示遗憾;最后表达自己的祝愿，即祝愿自己 未能参加的会议或者活动能够顺利进行。 下面是一封谢绝邀请的信，与上面的第二封邀请信相对应: Dear Professor White, Many thanks for your letter dated 15th August, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2004 International Conference on Parallel Data Processing to be held in Bellaire, Michigan, from October 25 to 28, 2004. Much to my regret, I shall not be able to honor the invitation because I have been suffering from a disease since this summer. I am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future. I feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of Computer Science. I wish the conference a complete success. Faithfully yours, Wang Xuan 5. 道歉(Apology) 在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种 情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。 May 20th Dear Lily, I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday. I know that you must have been disappointed. I also feel worried and anxious in my heart. The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare an urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p. m. I am terribly sorry. However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday. Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply. ××× 6.April Dear Lucy, I do apologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night. When I accepted your invitation, I simply forgot that Saturday was a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning. It is difficult for me to make a choice. Though I also wonder to meet you very much. I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home. I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday. Should I make a visit to you in my other spare time? Thank you very much. ××× 6. 借物(Borrowing) Tuesday Dear Xiao Wang, I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am translating some important articles. There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually. I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating. So I think your electronic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work. I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much! Yours ever ××× 7. 回复友人问侯(Reply for Regards) Jan. 8th. Dear Jenny, Thanks for your letter of sympathy I received the day before yesterday. The operation on my leg was a wonderful success. You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood. The operation removed the cause of trouble. It is quite worth having the operation. I am daily recovering from my illness. I’m confident I will soon be in the office again after proper treatment. Thank you for kind wishes. My best wishes to all your family. ××× July 5th Dear Miss Huang, My sister called me last night, and she said that my father is dangerously ill. I beg to apply for seven days’ leave of absence from 16th to 21st instantly, in order that I can see my beloved father. I should be much obliged if you would grant me my application. As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home. Sincerely yours, ××× 8(感谢信 感谢信属于个人信函，是用来对馈赠礼物或曾经得到某人的关怀、照顾表示感谢，在西方国家用得比较普遍。感谢信在格式上没有很严格的要求，主要是要写得真挚，表达诚挚的感激之情，不能给人一种草率的印象。 由于感谢的对象、原因和内容不同，感谢信的内容也会有所区别。例如，对朋友赠送礼物表示感谢的信，一定要提到所赠的礼物以及自己对礼物的喜爱之情;又如因为曾在对方家里小住而写的感谢信，一定要提到在对方家里居住时候的感受。但是，无论如何，一封感谢信通常都包括感谢的原因、内容以及诚挚的感激知情。 下面给出两封简短的感谢信，一封是对朋友赠送礼物表示感谢，另一封是在对方家里小住过一段时间，离开后表达感谢的信。 Dear Sandy, When you left a package for me yesterday, I had difficulty waiting until my birthday to open it. I don’t know how to thank you for such an attractive present. It is something that will give me pleasure for a long time to come. Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes. Cordially, Susan Dear Professor Anthony, Thank you for a delightful stay. Your home is lovely, your meals delectable, and I enjoyed the fun and companionship. I am still thinking about it and enjoying it in retrospect. Many thanks again for your warm hospitality. Cordially, Tom 9(咨询信 咨询信指的是用于了解信息、资料和情况等等的信件。写咨询信要注意以下几个问题: 第一，从措辞上来讲，一定要有礼貌，要比较客气地说清楚你想了解什么或者有什么要求。 第二，所提的问题一定要具体、明确，不能含糊其辞，否则会让对方感到无从回答。 第三，如果同时有好几个问题需要对方回答，可以考虑分段写;如果问题比较简单，则无需分段，但一定要将每个问题分别写清楚。 第四，一定要记得在信中向对方表示感谢。 写咨询信的时候，一般分三个部分来写。首先说明自己的情况，写咨询信的目的;第二步讲明自己要咨询的问题，要简洁明晰;在新的结尾要向对方表示感谢。此外，记得要注明联系地址与电话，以便对方答复。 下面是一封咨询信的范例: To: London Woolen Products From: Angel Clothes Store As we plan our Fall inventory, we are again in market to buy woolens. We are principally interested in the traditional sweater and would like to request a sample. Please also send information on any other knitwear that your company produces and a current price list. If you plan to take part in the Beijing Trade Fair at the end of this month, please inform us of your stand number so that we can contact you at that time. Please note our new address and telephone number. Thank you in advance for your attention. Sincerely, …… 10(订购信 订购信一般用于订购某种货物或机票、车票，属于事务信件。在书写订购信的时候，最重要 的是要清新明白地说明所要订购的对象的数量、价格、等等，如果是机票、车票等，则 须说明出发地、目的地、出发时间等。此外，写明你自己的名字、地址、邮编，以及你期望 的送货方式等也是非常重要的。要避免写冗长的句子，因为此类信函以传达信息为主，所以 能让对方明白你的意图是最重要的。 下面是一封订购飞机票的信函: Dear Sir or Madam: I am on an urgent mission and want to get to Hong Kong as soon as possible. Please reserve for me a seat in the plane leaving Guangzhou for Hong Kong at 8 a.m. tomorrow. A seat by the window in the economic section is preferred. I shall be very grateful if you would deliver the ticket to Room 418 of the Baiyun Hotel where I am staying. If there is no seat available at 8 a.m. tomorrow, please inform me as soon as possible, so that I can change a flight. Thank you very much! Yours faithfully, Steve Brown 11( 投诉信 投诉信一般是针对质量低劣的产品或者服务，其送寄对象应该是对方主管部门的负责人。写 投诉信的目的是为了让对方同情你的遭遇或者碰到的问题，继而给出你所期望的解决方法。 因此，写这类信件最重要的一点是要实事求是，一定要遵守“简明、公正”的原则，切勿夸大 其词，引起对方的反感。 投诉信中应该包含的内容有:你所投诉的问题;该问题给你造成的不良后果;与投诉有关的 重要依据，如商品简要说明、购买日期地点等;你所希望的解决方法和最后结果。此外，还 可以向对方建议解决问题的最后日期，并表示对所投诉问题的妥善解决充满信心。 投诉信一般可分为三段:第一段说明信的主要意思，即提出要解决的问题，以及解决问题的 重要性;第二段可以解释一下详细的情况，提出与投诉有关的重要依据;最后一段一般是提 建议，说出你所期望的解决方法。 以下是一封样信: Dear Sir, Enclosed is one sample of the envelopes which your delivery truck left in our office yesterday. We wish, however, to exchange them for the correct size, or obtain a refund. When our supply secretary selected and purchased official envelopes in your store last week on December 12, she asked that size L be sent to our office. The size we received is small, and of course it does not serve our needs. The sales receipt is #3968, dated December 12, written by salesclerk #189. Please send us the correct size L envelopes in exactly the same style and color, or if this is not available now, cash refund of $ 50.50. Thank you very much. Sincerely yours, Tom 12. 约会条 Andy, Fred is now with us. He is going to New York tomorrow morning to pursue his graduate study and we will not be able to see him for a long time. We are having a dinner party at 7 p.m. this evening at my home. It would be nice if you could come over and see him. Michael 13.备忘录 备忘录的一般格式如下: MEMORANDUM To: From: Date: Subject: Body Microsoft, Inc. Interoffice Memorandum To: Peter Clark, Rachel White From: Linda Larson Date: September 16, 2004 Subject: Scheduling the project meeting As you know, we are having the project meeting next week in the projection room. Since the room holds only fifty people comfortably without overcrowding. I suggest we hold the meeting to the forty-one people in the Assembly Section on Thursday at 2:00 p.m. and to the remaining forty-three from the other sections on Friday at the same time. If there’s any problem about this arrangement, please let me know. 1.The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. In that case, ______________. 2. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA. For one thing, ______________. for another, ______________. 3. My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above. 4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________. 5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________. 6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________. 7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. Only in this way can ______________ in the future. 8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________. 9. But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. For example, ______________, while ______________. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________. 10. In my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________. If ______________, it may be very useful. Whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________. 11. Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems ______________. As for the second idea, ______________. 12. As a popular saying goes, ______________. In my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________. I believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________. So I am for the opinion that ______________. 13. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision. 14. Personally, I believe that ______________. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________. 15. In my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________. 16. People are coming to realize the importance of ______________. They have begun to try their best to ______________. We believe that ______________. 17. All in all, we cannot live without ______________ . But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise. 18. Whatever you do, please remember the saying- ______________. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll definitely benefit a lot from it. 19. With the development of society, ______________. So it’s urgent and necessary to ______________. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 20. It is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________. However, from a personal point of view I find ______________. 21. It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation. 22. It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________. 23. But both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages. For example, ______________. Which to choose, ______________ or ______________? Careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice. 24. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________. 25. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________. 26. No doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger. 27. We need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won’t ______________. 28. It is high time that ______________. Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately. 29. In conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________. Only in this way ______________. 30. Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better. The most import is ______________. Another way is ______________. Still another one is ______________. 31. Many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be studied in depth. 32. No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________. But the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way. 33. It is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention. 34. We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater. 35. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way. Because I believe ______________. 36. We all know the story of ______________. this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________. 37. My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society. There is no doubt that ______________. As an old saying goes, ______________. 38. If we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________. 39. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe ______________. 40. From the graph it is evident that ______________. 41. From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________. And I believe that ______________. 42. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________. 43. For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________. 44. Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________. 45. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________. 46. Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________. 47. In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________. 48. After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile. 49. My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________. 50. Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________. 51. From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference. Personally, I think ______________ has more advantages. 52. On the one hand, it has helped china ______________. On the other hand, it has increased china’s ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development. 53. In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways. One way to tackle this question is ______________. Another way that is worth adopting is ______________. 54. As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages. 55. For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasible consideration. 56. As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________. What’s more, ______________. 57. If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer ______________. For me, ______________.