毛发生理学毛发的形成

毛发生理学毛发的形成 毛发生理学毛发的形成-----由人体蛋白质的硬化堆积，排 列形成。人体包括----水17%，蛋白质65%，2千多种DNA，脂肪18%头发本身没有生命力(具体也可说头皮以内的是有生命，而以外的则没有)，因此它没有自身维护功能头发的功能----美观形象;修饰面容;保暖;散热;隔热;防紫外线;防有害物质毛发的面图 头发的生长周期头发的结构图 表皮层占头发的10%，体现颜色的通透性光泽度;皮质层---占头发的80%;髓质层---占头发的10%，又称中心层，起支撑保暖的作用，细软头发没有; 四大健-----1.氢键 2.盐键(遇水而断，利用热风重新组合，保持到下次冲水，物理烫发针对就是这两个键) 3.二硫化物键---最坚硬的键，它可切断后重组，化学烫发针对的就是它。 4.氨基键----细软头发里不存在，只有粗硬头发里存在 三大层 1、 表皮层:鱼鳞片状的细透明体排列而成，大约有27-28层 2、 皮质层:由螺旋状的纤维体组成的。含有麦拉宁粒子，水份10%，蛋白质，氨基酸。 3、 髓质层:由真空状的海绵体排列形成的(细软的头发里面不存在) 8.头发的种族分类: 1.黄种人---亚洲人，数量10—11万根，毛色2—3N,毛发形状—直发，毛囊位置—直立，毛囊形状—圆形; 2.黑种人---非洲人，数量9万根，毛色1N,毛发形状---卷曲，毛囊位置---弯曲，毛囊形状---扁形; 3.白种人---欧洲人，数量11---13万根，毛色5---6N,毛发形状---波浪，毛囊位置---歪斜，毛囊形状—椭圆形; 9.毛发的组成---指毛发直径的大小，一般为五大类:极粗?粗----直径在90微米以上;一般---60?90微米;细?极细----60微米以下，比较复杂， 表皮鳞片紧闭，容易给人错觉; 10.头发的性质----物理性:指弹性，张力，头发的伸缩性(可塑性) 化学性:吸水性，排水性;例:健康头发吸水性好，排水性好(易吹干)，极度受损的头发吸水性好(易打湿),排水性差(难吹干) 11.发质() a.抗拒性---粗硬，白发，自然卷(1—2N) b.健康---3---4N; c.一般受损---烫或染过一次(4---6N); d.极度受损---7N以上; advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 12.头发的PH值----测量头发酸碱度的一个数值 ?水—【7】;?头皮(皮肤)---【4.5---5.5】;?洗发水---【6—6.5】;?烫发水---【8.5—9】;?倒模---【3.5—3.8】;?色膏----【9】;?双氧---【3】;?护发素---【2.8---3.5】;?直发膏----【11—13】; 12.为什么做倒模----由于毛发受到外界伤害，自身没有生命力，而不能自行修复，而倒模的成分可以补充皮质层所流失的营养成分，并且可以由内到外修复表皮鳞片; 13.倒模的成分:?蜂胶---可以收敛表皮鳞片;?橄榄油---补充干性发质的油脂;?水解胶原蛋白---恢复毛发的弹性，补充头发里的蛋白质;?保湿因子---补充毛发里的水分;?氨基酸---增强光泽度，增加营养成分;?芳香剂---调整嗅觉的舒服度; 14.生活当中对毛发有损伤的原因----?化学伤害;?紫外线;?不正确的劣质洗发水;?吹风伤害;?洗发方式不当;?自来水硫酸铜;?机械伤害(如剪刀，剃刀，梳子);?海水; 15.洗护分开的原因---洗发水是碱性，它是阳离子活性剂去除头发里面的污垢;护发素是酸性，它是阳离子活性剂在头发表面形成保护膜，如同时进行，则不能彻底清洁也不能更好保护，所以分开; 16.倒模与护发素的区别:倒模是可以补充头发皮质层所流失的营养成分，护发素只是收敛表皮鳞片，瞬间在表皮层形成的保护膜; 17.做倒模的操作: ?洗发----只清洗干净，无需下护发素; ?擦干----5—6成; ?擦精华素:a.柔水性(液体状)---可调配使用，可单独使用;b.柔油性(膏状)---只能调配;【停留5—8分钟】 ?倒模打圈加热15分钟; ?按摩头皮; ?冷却冲水(要偏冷一点的水) ?下护发素; ?再擦柔水性精华素造型; 冷烫 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 发原理 烫发就是使用化学和物理方法，使自然的直发，形成卷曲形状。烫发的方法主要冷烫 烫发时，物理性的将头发卷在不同直径与形状的卷芯上，在烫发水第一剂的作用下，大约有45%的二流化键被切断，而变成单硫键。这些单硫键在卷芯直径与形状的影响下，产生挤压而移位，并留下许多空隙。烫发水第二剂中的氧化剂进入发体后，在这些空隙中膨胀变大，使原来的单硫键无法回到原位，而与其他一个与之相邻的单硫键重新组成一组新的二流化键，使头发中原来的二流化键的角度产生变化，使头发永久的变卷 冷烫法用的烫发剂和工具 烫发剂 冷烫法常用的烫发剂为二液剂，第一液为烫发液(冷烫精)，第二液为中和剂(定型剂)，这两种烫发用液是配套使用的。烫发液(冷烫精)的作用是使头发膨胀软化具有可塑性，加上卷发杠的物理作用，头发便形成卷曲形状。中和剂(即定型液)的作用是使烫发液停止作用，从而使卷曲形状固定下来，维持一个时期不变直。烫发水是有还原剂(第一剂)与氧化剂(第二剂)组成的。 一、第一剂:主要成分为阿摩尼亚，也就是碱。使用碱的目的是为了使表皮层膨胀与软化，以便于主剂硫化物的渗透与吸收。但使用过度，则会造成毛发蛋白质损伤的副作用，造成毛发结构松弛、多孔而无弹性。 二、第二剂:主要成分为氧化剂，主要以双氧水或溴酸钠为主。使用氧化剂的目的是为了固定卷度。但使用过度，则会造成毛发干燥、开*、断裂、褪色等。 卷发杠 卷发杠有多种，一般以不透水的塑料杠为佳。用竹筷制作的卷发杠因其易吸水，容易渗透烫发，中和二种液剂，影响烫发质量，因而不宜使用。卷发杠有大(粗)、中、小(细)之分，用于不同的部位和不同的卷曲要求。 烫发药水的一剂中“氢硫氨基酸”可以使头发结构中的“硫锁链”也叫”双硫键”暂时分解。就是让“双硫键”多出一个“氢原子”而使双硫键分开。(这是个使头发受损的过程) 分解双硫键的数量比例是30%。分解双硫键的数量不足就会出现花型表现弱的现象。而分解“双硫键的数量过多就会使头发出现内部结构松散、紊乱。就是烫焦的现象 这个分解过程还需要一剂中的“亚蒙尼亚”的帮助。因为“亚蒙尼亚”是可以打开毛鳞片的。使头发做好充分吸收药水的作用。(这也是个使头发受损的过程)。 总的来说这个打开毛鳞片、并分解30%的双硫键是需要35~~~`40分钟的。受损发质可以缩短一定的时间，是因为受损发质的毛鳞片没有闭和不具有保护性。从而缩短了分解30%双硫键的时间。但分解双硫键的数量是不能改变的。(分解双硫键数量的多少。可以做为你调整花型表现力的一种手段) 而如何判断分解双硫键数量的多少呢,请看实验: 药水在发杠上15~20分钟的时候/你可以在后部打开一个发卷看看/用手轻轻拉摸3次发片出现 1.直发现象《分解双硫键数量不足。原因，1药水不足、2发质粗硬、3、没有清洗干等》 2.微微出现曲发现象《这是最正常的情况，可以继续加热15分钟。在停放5分钟》 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 3.出现预想花型《这是由于发质受损造成的提前成功现象，这时就要马上停止反映了，最好做冲水(不拆发杠)然后上定型》 这个分解“双硫键”的过程对烫发起到了关键作用。也可以称为“软化过程”。 软化成功了就需要上二剂定型了。 二剂定型药水中的微量双氧水(过氧化氢)回收“双硫键”中多余的一个“氢原子”而使“双硫键”重新组合。这就是所说的还原。 这个还原过程只需要上二剂停放15分钟就OK了～ 以后的工作就是拆杠，洗头。这时你可以用护发素来帮助头发恢复柔顺光亮的。 冷烫的操作程序和方法 冷烫的操作程序，一般为:头发分区?分份卷发?加热?冲去烫发液?涂中和剂?拆杠冲洗。 ?头发分区 洗头后将头发适当揩干，将头部头发分成若干个区(部)，以便卷发，一般可分为9-10个区。 ?分份卷发，在分区的基础上，先用梳子分出相当于卷发杠长度和直径的一股头发，用左手掌托住，在头发下衬一张渗水性好的软性薄纸(冷烫纸)，用手指夹住，用卷发杠将头发从发梢卷向发根，用橡皮圈固定。可以分一股、卷一股，直至全部头发;把头发全部分股卷好，涂上烫发液。 分出的每股头发要平直，其宽度要与卷发杠长度相当。卷发时用力要均匀，提起的头发与头皮保持一定的角度，一般为90?角或135?角，卷发的角度决定发根站立的方向。 卷发杠的排列，应根据发型设计要求进行，它决定着头发发根的站立角度、发干形状、发梢表情，能确定头发的流向，对发式是否持久，有着密切关系 ?戴塑料帽 头发全部卷好的，再在每只发卷上匀地涂上烫发液，然后戴上不透气的塑料帽，将全部头发罩在帽内，通过人体正常体温，促使烫发液发挥作用。载帽的时间，应根据烫发液的浓度(根据生产厂商的产品说明)而定，一般为15~25分钟。有时还要根据发质、卷曲要求、定内温度等因素，加以调整。一般讲，头发细软的时间短些;头发粗硬的时间长些;要求头发卷些的时间长些;要求头发不太卷的时间短些;室温低的时间可长些;室温高的时间可短些。如在冬季，室温过低，也可用吹风加温，或用热毛巾包在塑料帽外加热，促使烫发液作用的发挥。 塑料帽载了一定时间后，可将一只发卷拆开一半，用双手握住卷发杠两端，将放开一半的头发向前推，如果头发已形成波浪形并卷曲有力，说明烫发质量已达到要求，可以结束这一烫发工序，脱去塑料帽。如发现卷曲无力波浪没有形成，说明烫发时间不够。还要再等几分钟。才能脱去塑料帽。 ?冲去化烫液 脱去塑料帽后，要用温水冲洗发卷(卷发杠不要拆去)，冲去发卷上的烫发液，使烫发液停止发挥作用，然后适当揩干发卷上的水分，以免影响涂中和剂的质量。 ?涂中和剂(定型水) 在每只发卷上均匀地涂上中和剂(即定型水)，要渗透到全部头发，过5分钟左右，再在发卷上涂一启蒙中和剂，再等10分钟左右，使卷曲的头发固定下来。这一工序虽然非常简单，但十分重要，如果中和剂涂不透或放置时间不足，没有起定型作用，烫卷的头发就会还原变直，造成烫发失败。 ?拆杠冲洗 拆去全部卷发杠，用温水冲洗，先用洗发香波揉搓头发，冲洗去头发上残留的烫发液和中和剂，然后用护发素护理头发，再用温水洗干净。烫发后头发必须冲洗干净，否则药液残留，会使头发变枯黄，失去光泽。 注意事项 ,、正确选择烫发水:根据顾客头发质量选择。烫发前应检查头发头皮情况冷烫精是化学制剂，有一定刺激性，如果头发、头皮有损伤就不应烫发，以免损伤头发，使头皮发生炎症。有引起轻微损伤的头发，应经护发素处理后再烫发。头皮有划破或炎症的绝对不应烫发。还advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 有，产前、产后身体虚弱时，也不应烫发。烫发的周期不应过短，一般以三至六个月一次为宜。 ,、在电发的过程中，头发膨胀程度和硫链锁被改变的数量，决定于第一剂药水在头发上停留的时间长短，因此很明显地告诉我们不可能使用一个统一的烫电发时间。最好的方法是经常检查头发的曲度。 ,、检查方法:碱性烫发水以头发曲度是否达到为标准，酸性及低碱性烫发水以软化程度为标准。 ,、第1剂如果在头发上停留时间过长，头发将降低卷度及弹性。因此，停留一定的时间后应每3至5分钟检查一次，每次检查应在不同位置上进行。 5、 第1剂一定要冲水，否则严重影响烫后头发质量。冲水的温度对卷曲度有一定影响:60度至30度水温均可，在这个范围内水温越高卷度越卷。 6、 高档品牌侧重第二剂中和水的吸收，但停留时间绝不可超过10分钟。 ,、冲洗第二剂时，先带发杠冲水后再拆卷清洗，这样可稳固头发的卷曲程度。令为第二剂冲水时的水温对头发的卷曲度也有影响:60度至30度水温均可，在这个范围内水温越低卷度越卷。(与第一剂冲水温度正好相反) ,、烫后护理很重要，因刚烫发后的头皮非常不舒服，头发也相对脆弱，因此，涂抹歌薇华蒂发质强化素或白钻烫后护理泡沫，可以避免上述现象。 9、 正确的辅导顾客如何梳理、保养头发、讲解造型产品使用目的及功能，可有效树立沙龙及发型师的形象 10、液滴在皮肤和衣服上在冷烫操作时应防止冷烫液滴在面部皮肤和衣服上，因此用液剂量要适中，勿使之掉下，如液剂不小心滴在皮肤上，应立即用棉花揩掉。操作前应在发际线处涂些凡士林保护皮肤，并在发卷四周用棉花条护住，防止液剂掉下。还应披上围布和干毛巾，这样液剂就不会滴在衣服上，造成衣服褪色。 烫发的化学过程: 通过阿摩尼亚打开毛鳞片，使乙硫醇酸顺利进入皮质层切断二硫化物键，再通过烫发工具，改变链键结构，使用氧化剂中的氯化钠和二氧化钠链键使之固定成形。(烫发水的PH值为8效果最好，但PH值不可超过9.5，那样PH值过高会过度损伤头发) 主要成份及成份分析: 1、还原剂(1剂) (1)乙硫醇酸(硫代):碱性物质，只有它才可切断头发里最坚固的二硫化物键。 (2)阿摩尼亚(氨水):碱性物质(PH值为9度)可使头发膨胀，打开毛鳞片使其它成份进入。 (3)滋润剂:保持头发的湿度与光泽，补充头发的水份及营养物质。 (4)缓冲剂(平衡剂):中和碱性特，平衡头发的化学作用。 (5)芳香剂:遮盖阿摩尼亚的异味。 (6)不同产品的不同附加成份。 2、氯化剂(2剂)时间为还原剂的一半。 (1)氯化钠:重组及固定链键组织的作用。 (2)过氧化钠:(双氧水)帮助重组二硫化物键，使链键氧化固定成形。 第一节“直发”“曲发”性质和对发型状态的影响 一、直发和曲发相比(包括一束头发不同部位状态)，直发细节层次头发关系相对为上移感，(细节层次为包感，这时包感不指具体形状，而是指头发关系为上移感，这时细节层次体现不了直观形状)，但“发散”，整体有沉感，但发尖有轻感。而曲发相对为头发关系下移感，有实际的“高度”(指大细节层次)，相聚，为发束关系。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 就“大钩”与“小钩”相比(包括一束头发不同部位状态)，“大钩”细节层次头发关系相对为上移感，“小钩”相对头发关系为下移感(无重力烫的发更是如此)。无拉力烫发或恤发时，小卷(小钩)为头发关系上移感。 宏观弧形状态(曲发)与微观弧形状态(逆茬)相比较，宏观弧形实质为头发关系下移感，但与微观弧形比，它为头发关系下移感。微观弧形实质头发关系为上移感，因为微观弧形“拐的大”，头发或发束关系方面作用力都大，但与宏观弧形比，它为头发下移感。 而逆茬和顺茬相比(微观层次)，逆茬头发关系为上移感(逆茬发束关系也为上移感)，顺茬头发关系为下移感。顺茬、逆茬、“小钩”、“大钩”它们头发关系进行比较，头发关系逐渐上移感(密切)的顺序为:顺茬、逆茬、“小钩”、“大钩”，也就是说:直发相对头发关系最为亲密，顺茬本身头发关系下移感。 二、 1、在一个几何发势中(指长发)，如果上部为小钩(细节头发关系下移感)，相对下部细节头发关系为上移感，越往下部头发密度越大总体上下为轮廓发束关系上移感。因为这时宏观总体上下上部扩张，下部收缩。而在局部上看，底部头发有流畅性，没有阻断发势，因为这时底部为“直发”，直发在一定条件下，即头发关系上移感，不很大或头发关系上移感减弱时(减弱是因为上部为头发关系下移感，包括下部，也就是说上部状态也影响到整体，包括下部)，这时相对直发比曲发有流畅性，因为再这样前提条件下，大钩比小钩有动感，即“直发”有一定的质感和速度(动量P=质量 m乘以速度V)。而“曲发”虽然头发关系下移感，头发有流畅性，但相对曲发(指相对小钩)，宏观头发关系上移感，——“厚”，也就是有一定的立体感，数量多并且它的发束单位以每根头发为单位，通量很小，体积大，发型比例小于8:5，(黄金比例)即正三角形感，横向宽——“胖人”，所以一般做“大卷”(下部小卷时)“显老”(体积大)，但如果上包(不为几何形上包)不显老，但做“大卷”时上部相对小卷具有一定动感，因为这样可拉长几何发势的作用，比黄金比例8:5大，减小横向体积感(宽度)。以上可以看到，上下轮廓头发关系下移感发型宏观和局部头发都有动感。 2、如果上部大钩，下部小钩，因为(1)宏观上，上部细节层次头发关系上移感上部收缩，下部扩张，下部头发关系下移感，(2)并且下部体积大(小钩)，上部为“直发”，发势流到下部，被下部阻断。所以总体上下为轮廓头发关系上移感。这样就需把下部“整体”小钩负层次处理，以增加它的细节层次头发关系上移感。 以上分析还可看到，在烫发或做“大卷”时，头发的上部可不烫或不卷，(上部也可以烫，但要头发关系下移感卷法，也可竖卷，因为横卷为向上或向下包——头发关系上移感，或扭劲，扭劲为“骨头节碎”，为整体头发关系下移感)，上部头发卷时扬角可高，但要采用头发关系下移感手法。这样来减小头发横向宽度，也就是减小体积感(减小“大筐感”，为发型比例大于8:5)，下部可头发关系逐渐上移感烫法，也可头发关系逐渐下移感烫法，但下部需负层次处理。 一般上部头发关系上移感烫法，或作大卷，下部头发关系下移感烫法，还容易使上部大卷“下扣”，使上下方向发势轮廓线外胀(向上或横向)，使上部体积增大，因为相对上部“大卷”，头发关系密度大，并且容量在发型表面(发势轮廓线)，上下方向为连接，有上拱作用、有外胀作用，容量驰向外轮廓，使体积增大，有“成熟”的感觉，头发关系上移感为有质感，有劲成熟。而小钩骨头节碎，不连接(发束关系)，小钩发泡，但它的容量驰向下部，所以上部头发关系下移感合理。 三、没有烫过的曲发与没烫过的直发相比，弧形发头发关系为下移感，如长的头发就比短的头发有弧形，但如果“看到”这弧形发的整体与其他弧形发亲密接触(单位量多)，为合发，那么这些弧形发比直发更为头发关系上移感(如果弧形发就尖部与其他头发亲密接触，那么这个弧形发整体头发关系为下移感，尖部头发关系为上移感)。所以处理这样的弧形发就要advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 减弱它的头发关系，在它的某处(如上部)高细节层次(或减小它的单位量)处理它。 相对长发或很软的弧形发，如果低扬角(头发关系单位量多，头发关系上移感)，用刀外削，使头发更易打弯(弧形发)，头发之间更加亲密，这时头发关系为上移感，所以一般不要这样处理。(1)如果只能这样处理，削发处理完，要在头发内用斜剪剪出一些短的发束，来隔断总体长的发束之间的亲密关系，或用削刀把头发削得单位量小，使总体头发关系下移感。(2)我们可相对高细节层次处理头发内部，来减弱它们的亲密度，之后再处理它们。以上分析可以看到，我们处理头发之前(干发时)，不管直发、曲发，就要观察发型各个部位它的头发关系或发束关系，然后在具体的对待它。 谈物理性伤害之前，我要提到头发的表皮—毛鳞片(正是从它入手谈物理性伤害的)。头发的可塑性非常强，遇湿、热、碱就会变软膨胀;反之，遇干、冷、酸就会变硬收缩。所以，前者毛鳞片就会打开，后者就会闭合。下面就让咱们这做离子烫的全过程。 首先是洗头嘛(毛鳞片打开)，然后吹干透(毛鳞片闭合)，接着是上一剂，即软化剂(软化剂是碱，所以毛鳞片打开)，可能要上机器蒸一下哦(毛鳞片更被打开)，软化好后冲水再吹干透(毛鳞片闭合)，之后便是夹头发了(夹板温度较高，所以毛鳞片打开)，夹好后上二剂定型(热烘烘的头发遇冷，毛鳞片又闭合)，十几分钟后冲水(打开)，最后吹干造型(闭合)。 以上便是离子烫的全过程，对，就是毛鳞片一会被打开，一会被闭合。我再举一个例子，你手中有一根弹簧，你一会把它拉长，一会把它缩短，然后反复这两个动作。几次下来，你手中的弹簧早就成死簧喽。所以说，头发就像弹簧一样，是经不起反复的~~~~~~~~~ advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts