儿科护士资格考试练习题

儿科护士资格考试练习题 1、下列哪项不是儿科护士向患儿家长宣教的内容: B A帮助患儿适应医院 B教会家长学会为患儿做出护理诊断 C指导家长学会如何观察患儿的病情 D帮助患儿接受各种治疗 E帮助家长掌握患儿出院后的护理 、生长发育顺序中哪项是错误的: B 2 A生长发育遵循由上到下的顺序 B生长发育遵循由细到粗的顺序 C生长发育由低级到高级的顺序 D生长发育遵循由近到远的顺序 E 生长发育由简单到复杂的顺序 3、正常1岁8个月的小儿乳牙:C A 8-10个 B 10-12个 C 18——20个 D 14-16个 E 20-22个 4、最晚到生后几岁仍不能控制自我排尿称遗尿:D A 2岁 B 4岁 C 3岁 D 5岁 E 6岁 5、新生儿期应接种的疫苗是:C A麻疹减度活疫苗 B乙脑疫苗 C卡介苗、乙肝疫苗 D破伤风抗毒素 E白、百、破疫苗 6、母亲正常分娩后何时哺乳自己的胎儿 : A A产后立即 B产后2小时 C产后6小时 D产后4小时 E产后8小时 7、2个月的婴儿应该添加辅食:A A维生素AD、水果 B粥、肝泥 C菜泥、豆腐 D米汤、蛋黄 E米糊、鱼泥 8、体重2000g的早产儿，出生三天。暖箱设定的温度:B A 31度 B 33度 C 35度 D 32度 E 34度 69、小儿腹泻静脉补钾治疗时，正确的浓度:B A 0.3%氯化钾溶液静脉推注 B 0.3%氯化钾溶液静脉点滴 C 3%氯化钾溶液静脉点滴 D 3%氯化钾溶液静脉推注 E 0.03%氯化钾溶液静脉点滴 9、5个月小儿接种百、白、破混合疫苗，一天后体温37.1度，局部出现红、肿、热、痛:C A接种后全身反应 B接种过敏反应 C接种后局部弱反应 D接种后全身中等反应 E接种后局部强反应 10、6个月的婴儿，在门诊检查时那项是发育异常:E A前囟未闭 B乳牙未萌出 C两手不会传递玩具 D头围44cm E俯卧时不能抬胸 11、8个月早产儿，15天。母乳喂养，为防佝偻病应添加:D 1 A米汤 B菜汤 C水果汁 D鱼肝油 E蛋黄 12、新生儿、20天。体检正常，护士到家中作健康指导。居室温度:C A 16-18度 B 18-20度 C 22-24度 D 20-21度 E 25-28度 13、新生儿、20天。体检正常，护士到家中作健康指导。预防意外的重点是:E A坠床 B开水烫伤 C相互打闹 D玩锐利器 E喂奶后窒息 14、新生儿、20天。体检正常，护士到家中作健康指导。应使家长知道已接种的疫苗:A A卡介苗、乙肝疫苗 B麻疹减毒活疫苗 C脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗 D乙型脑炎疫苗 E百、白、破混合疫苗 15、患儿，4个月，因患化脓性脑膜炎入院。现出现颅内压增高的现，遵医嘱静脉给20,甘露醇，下列操作哪项是错误的: C A、用药前要检查药液是否有结晶 B、不能与其他药液混合静脉滴注 C、若药液有结晶可加碱性液使其消失再用 D、先缓慢静脉推注后静脉点滴 E、静脉推注时不能漏到血管外 16、患儿，1岁，10kg。因惊厥需用地西泮(安定)2mg(1ml含10mg地西泮)应抽药液是: A、0.2ml B、0.6ml C、0.8ml D、1ml E、1.2ml 17、患儿，3岁，因“肾病综合征”入院。现阴囊皮肤高度水肿。首要的护理措施是: A、绝对卧床休息 B、严格控制水的入量 C、给予高蛋白饮食 D、保持床单位清洁干燥 E、用丁字带托起阴囊，并保持干爽 18、患儿，8个月，因肺炎入院，现突然烦躁不安，发绀，且进行性加重，体检:R60次,分，P170次,分心音低钝，两肺布满细湿啰音，此时诊断为肺炎合并心力衰竭，对该患儿首先采取的护理措施是: A A、设法让患儿安静 B、患儿取右侧卧位 C、清理患儿呼吸道 D、限制钠水入量 E、观察病情变化 19、此时给予的护理操作哪项不妥: C A、监测患儿生命体征 B、减慢输液速度 C、给患儿做体位引流以帮助排痰 D、及时给氧气吸入 E、按医嘱给强心甙药物 20、心力衰竭缓解的主要指标是: B 2 A、烦躁不安是否缓解 B、呼吸频率是否减慢 C、呼吸困难是否缓解 D、肺部湿罗音是否消失 E、心率是否减慢 21、给患儿进行饮食护理时应注意: B A、多进甜食 B、应足量 C、多进盐 D、多饮水 E、少盐或无盐 22、给患儿用强心甙时为预防中毒反应须做到: B A、注射前先测心率 B、心率<60次,分应医生 C、可与其 他药物混合注射 D、注射速度宜快 E、及时补充含钙食品 23、对于惊厥发作患儿下列哪项护理不妥: A、立即送抢救室 B、解开衣领，平卧头侧位 C、轻轻将舌向外牵拉 D、手心和腋下放纱布 E、将牙垫置于上下磨牙间 24、呼吸衰竭患儿，气管切开后，在护理上应特别注意: A、平卧位 B、吸入纯氧 C、吸痰动作要慢 D、消毒隔离无菌操作 E、吸痰不应少于15分钟 25、新生儿硬肿症首要的护理措施是: A、保暖复温 B、预防感染 C、提供能量及水分 D、健康指导 E、供氧 26、蓝光疗法常见的副作用: A、呕吐 B、腹泻 C、抽搐 D、低体温 E、食欲减退 27、小儿臀红护理中正确的是: A、便后用冷水洗净 B、污垢处用肥皂洗净 C、日光下晒30,60分钟 D、洗净臀下涂氧化锌油 E、包好尿布以免粪便外溢 28、当患儿同时存在几个护理诊断时，护士应首先考虑的是: A、自我实现的需要 B、自尊与被尊的需要 C、爱与归属的需要 D、安全的需要 E、生理的需要 29、在处理小儿惊厥发作时，首先应做下列哪项处理措施 A(立即送入抢救室B(立即解松衣领，平卧头侧位 C(将舌轻轻向外牵拉D(手心和腋下放入纱布 E(置牙垫于上下磨牙之间 30、患儿8 个月，因肺炎并发急性心力衰竭，现用强心甙药物治疗，当出 现下列哪种情况时，应及时停止用强心甙药物 A(尿量增多 B(心动过缓 C(肝脏回缩 D(水肿消退E(呼吸困难 3 31、某肺炎患儿在治疗期间出现严重腹胀，肠鸣音消失是由于 A(消化功能紊乱B(低钠血症C(中毒性肠麻痹 D(低钾血症E(中毒性脑病 32、引起婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的原因有多种，但最主要原因是 A(体内贮铁不足 B(铁的摄入不足 C(生长发育快，需铁量增加 D(某些疾病的影响 E(铁丢失过多 33、先天性心脏病中，法洛四联症常见的并发症是 A(肺炎B(心肌炎C(脑出血D(脑栓塞 E(感染性心内膜炎 34急性肾炎严重期多发生在起病后多长时间 A(第一周内 B(第二周内 C(第三周内 D(第四周内 E(第五周内 35、下列哪项是与急性肾炎发病有关的细菌 A(金黄色葡萄球菌 B(大肠杆菌 C(链球菌 D(肺炎双球菌E(流感嗜血杆菌 36、某健康小孩，身长l05cm，体重18kg，其年龄大约应为几岁 3 岁B(4 岁C(5 岁D(6 岁E(7 岁 A( 37、新生儿、早产儿用药应特别注意药物的不良反应，那么下列哪种药物能 引起小儿"灰婴综合征" A(青霉素B(氯霉素C(红霉素D(庆大霉素E(卡那霉素 38、麻疹病毒是通过以下哪种途径传播的 A(消化道B(血液C(接触性D(呼吸道E(虫媒 39、在小儿年龄阶段的划分中，新生儿期是指 A(从出生到生后满30 天 B(从出生到生后满28 天 C(从出生到生后满两周 D(从孕期28 周到生后两周 E(从孕期28 周到生后1 周 40、患儿1(5 岁，呕吐、腹泻3 日，经补液，脱水基本纠正，现出现腹胀， 心音低钝，腱反射减弱，考虑为 A(低钠血症 B(低镁血症 C(低钾血症 D(低钙血症 E(低血糖症 41、患儿4 岁，因乏力、面色苍白，来医院就诊，诊断为缺铁性贫血，血红蛋白为78g/L。为改善贫血症状，患儿应吃下列哪种食物为最佳 A(牛奶及乳制品 B(鱼、虾及高热量饮食 C(动物肝脏及高蛋白饮食 D(海带、紫菜及高蛋白饮食 E(紫皮茄子及高蛋白饮食 42、在婴儿补液液体中，口服补液盐(ORS)液的张力应为 A(1/5 B(1/4 张 C(1/3 张 4 D(1/2 张 E(2/3 张 43、结核性脑膜炎是小儿结核病中最严重的一种，有关脑脊液的特点正确的是 A(蛋白质含量降低 B(蛋白质含量正常 C(糖和氯化物含量降低 D(糖和氯化物含量增高 E(糖和氯化物含量正常 44、导致新生儿化脓性脑膜炎的常见病原菌是 A(流感嗜血杆菌 B(脑膜炎奈瑟菌 C(肺炎链球菌 D(白色念珠菌 E(大肠埃希菌 45、儿科抢救室内必备的设备应齐全，那么下列哪项不属于儿科抢救室必须配置的设备 A(心电监护仪B(人工呼吸机 C(供氧设备D(玩具柜E(喉镜 46、一小儿血红细胞2(5×1012/L，血红蛋白70g/L，该小儿可能是 A(正常血象 B(轻度贫血 C(中度贫血 D(重度贫血 E(极重度贫血 47、结核病的原发综合征典型的X 线胸片表现是 A(云雾状阴影 B(团块状阴影 C(哑铃状"双极影" D(斑点状阴影 E(粟粒状阴影 48、小儿营养不良的病因主要有两大种类，那么最常见的原因是 A(饮食因素B(日照不足C(缺少锻炼 D(急性疾病E(免疫缺陷 49、治疗贫血时，下列哪些可与铁剂同时服用 A(牛乳B(茶水C(咖啡D(钙剂E(维生素 50、患儿，生后8 天，出现全身强直性痉挛，牙关紧闭、苦笑面容，双拳紧握、上肢屈曲、下肢伸直，呈角弓反张，阵发性痉挛。该患儿属于 A(新生儿颅内出血 B(新生儿破伤风 C(新生儿败血症 D(新生儿硬肿症 E(新生儿核黄疸 51、幼儿泌尿道感染，排在首优的护理问题是 A(体液过多 B(营养不足 C(体温过高 D(皮肤完整性受损E(活动无耐力 52、患儿面色蜡黄，手有震颤，经血常规检查得:血红细胞3(1×1012/L，血红蛋白78g/L，血片中以大红细胞为多，红细胞形态大小不等。应首先考虑为 A(营养性缺铁性贫血B(营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血 C(营养性混合性贫血D(生理性贫血E(溶血性贫血 53、小儿腹泻的感染因素中以轮状病毒和致病性大肠埃希菌最常见，那么小 5 儿秋季腹泻常见的病原体是 A(空肠弯曲菌医B(大肠杆菌C(埃可病毒 D(轮状病毒E(柯萨奇病毒 54、牛羊乳喂养的婴儿粪便颜色呈 A(黄色B(淡黄色C(浅绿色D(黄绿色E(深黄色 55、下列哪些是佝偻病活动初期的主要表现 A(方颅 B(肋骨串珠 C(出牙延迟 D(肌张力低下 E(易激惹、多汗 56、足月新生儿出生时存在，以后也不消失的反射是 A(觅食反射 B(角膜反射 C(握持反射 D(颈肢反射 E(腹壁反射 57、小儿颈外静脉穿刺适用于几岁的患儿 A(1 个月的小儿B(1,3 岁的小儿C(4,5 岁的小儿 D(6,7 岁的小儿E(8,9 岁的小儿 58、关于生理性黄疸描述不正确的是 A(生后2,3 天开始出现黄疸B(表现为食欲下降，哭声低弱 C(一般7,14 天自然消退D(早产儿可延迟3 周消退 2μmol/L E(血清胆红素浓度<205( 59、对化脓性脑膜炎患儿的处理措施中，正确的是 A(保持安静，头侧位以防窒息 B(硬脑膜下穿刺时应侧卧位，固定头部 C(重症患儿输液速度宜快，防止休克 D(颅压高时应适量放出脑脊液 E(硬脑膜下积液者可穿刺放液，每次不少于30ml 60、为未成熟儿护理时，下列哪项措施错误 A(母乳喂养 B(注意保暖，防止烫伤 C(保持呼吸道通畅，以防窒息 D(持续高浓度氧气吸入，维持有效呼吸 E(严格执行消毒隔离，防止交叉感染 61、患儿因腹泻2 天就诊，体检发现肛门周围皮肤潮红、有皮疹，为其进 行护理时，除清洁臀部皮肤外，局部可涂下列哪种药膏 A(植物油 B(鱼肝油 C(氧化锌软膏 D(克霉唑 E(呋锌油 62、患儿10 个月，患佝偻病，因中度等渗性脱水入院，在治疗期间，输液 后脱水纠正，但出现面肌抽动，首先考虑 A(低血糖症B(低钙血症C(低钾血症 D(低镁血症E(低钠血症 63、患儿6 个月，因头痛，烦躁不安入院，诊断为化脓性脑膜炎(脑膜炎奈 6 瑟菌)，常用抗生素是 A(红霉素 B(青霉素 C(庆大霉素 D(林可霉素E(卡那霉素 64、诊断急性呼吸衰竭可做血气分析，那么它的判断是指动脉血氧分压 (PaO2) A(?3(65kPa B(?4(65kPa C(?5(65kPa D(?6(65kPa E(?7(65kPa 65、判断急性肾小球肾炎患儿能够恢复上学的主要指标是 A(水肿消退，肉眼血尿消失 B(水肿消退，尿常规转为正常 C(水肿消退，血压正常 D(血沉、补体恢复正常 E(水肿消退，尿蛋白正常 66、婴儿腹泻，对其应采取的护理措施，以下哪项护理措施错误 A(详细记录出入水量 B(加强臀部护理 C(腹胀时应注意有无低钾血症 D(急性腹泻早期应使用止泻剂 E(呕吐频繁者应禁食补液 67、新生儿，20 天，发热3 天，皮肤黄染退而复现3天，精神萎靡、嗜睡、 拒乳、不哭、不动，脐窝有少许脓性分泌物，诊断为新生儿败血症，其首选 护理措施是 A(消除脐部感染灶B(少量多次喂水C(维持体温 D(避免声光刺激E(立即放入暖箱 68、引起婴幼儿肺炎最常见的病原菌是 A(肺炎链球菌 B(溶血性链球菌A 组 C(溶血性链球菌B 组 D(大肠埃希菌 E(金黄色葡萄球菌 69、在生长发育过程中，正常小儿应在几岁乳牙出齐 A(1 岁B(1 岁半C(2 岁半D(3 岁E(3 岁半 70、下列哪项叙述不符合儿童生长发育的规律 A(生长发育是一个连续过程B(生长发育遵循一定规律 C(各系统器官发育的速度是一致的D(有一定的个体差异性 E(受遗传和环境因素的影响 71、体重5kg 的婴儿，每天需8%糖牛奶量应为多少，才能满足机体需要 A(200,250ml B(300,350ml C(400,450ml D(500,550ml E(600,650ml 72、小儿如出现营养不良，皮下脂肪最先消减的部位是 A(胸部 B(腹部 C(臀部 D(四肢 E(面部 7 73、下列哪项不是小儿肾病综合征的临床表现 A(明显的水肿 B(高胆固醇血症 C(大量蛋白尿D(尿中大量细菌E(低蛋白血症 74、下列哪项是婴儿泌尿道感染最主要的途径 A(血行感染B(淋巴感染C(邻近组织蔓延 D(上行感染E(外伤感染 75、48(患儿12 个月，因高热惊厥入院。治疗1 周痊愈出院，出院前对其家长健康教育的重点是 A(合理喂养的B(体格锻炼的方法 C(惊厥预防及急救措施D(预防接种的时间 E(小儿体检的时间 76、患儿5 岁，全身严重指陷性水肿，血清蛋白(白蛋白)10g/L，血胆固醇9(2mmol/L，24 小时尿蛋白定量0(15g/kg，诊断为单纯性肾病。以下哪个并发症，该患儿不会发生 A(低钠血症 B(感染 C(心力衰竭 D(低钾血症E(静脉血栓形成 77、婴幼儿生理性哭闹的原因有很多，那么最常见的原因是 A(断乳B(尿布潮湿C(要挟家长 D(口渴和饥饿E(昆虫叮咬 78、蓝光疗法的目的是 A(降低血清胆绿素B(降低血清间接胆红素 C(降低血清直接胆红素D(减少血红细胞破坏 E(降低血清尿素氮 79、11 个月患儿，发热、咳嗽2 天，以肺炎收入院。入院第2 天，突然烦躁不安、呼吸急促，发绀。查体:体温38?，呼吸70 次/min，心率186 次/min，心音低钝，两肺细湿啰音增多，肝肋下3(5cm。该患儿治疗措施最关键的是 A(大剂量使用镇静剂 B(间断吸氧C(使用利尿剂 D(使用快速洋地黄制剂E(吸痰清理呼吸道 80、患儿，9 个月支气管肺炎，晚上突然烦躁不安，喘憋加重。呼吸55 次/min，心率175 次/min，心音低钝，两肺细湿啰音增多，肝脏比前增大6cm，患儿可能发生了 A(急性心力衰竭B(脓胸C(脓气胸 D(肺大泡E(肺不张 81、患儿6 个月，患鹅口疮5 天，其首优的护理诊断/问题是 A(疼痛:与口腔粘膜炎症有关B(营养失调:与拒食有关 C(体温过高:与感染有关D(口腔黏膜改变:与感染有关 E(皮肤完整性受损:与感染有关 8 患儿，3 岁，9 月19 日突然出现发热，惊厥，经询问该患儿平日吃东西不 注意卫生，18 日吃生地瓜，没洗， 82、该患儿可能是 A(急性上呼吸道感染B(急性支气管炎 C(急性细菌性痢疾D(急性喉炎 E(急性肾小球肾炎 83、新生儿破伤风细菌入侵是通过下列哪种途径 A(脐部B(呼吸道C(消化道D(皮肤E(胎盘 84、给小儿测量血压时，血压计袖带的宽度应为上臂长度的 A(1/4 B(1/3 C(1/2 D(2/3 E(2/5 85、导致新生儿败血症发病率及病死率较高，那么其最常见的病原菌是 A(厌氧菌B(葡萄球菌C(大肠埃希菌 D(溶血性链球菌E(肺炎球菌 86、下列哪项是腹泻患儿预防臀红最有效的护理措施 A(禁食B(更换尿布C(大便后及时清洗臀部 D(暴露臀部皮肤 E(臀部涂爽身粉 足月新生儿生理性黄疸多出现于生后 87、 A(1 天B(2,3 天C(4,6 天 D(7,8 天E(9,10 天 88、每昼夜正常排尿量，婴儿应为 A(200,300ml B(400,500ml C(600,700ml D(800,900ml E(1000,1100ml 89、新生儿易发生溢乳，是由于 A(胃自主神经调节能力强 B(贲门括约肌紧张 C(幽门括约肌松驰 D(胃容量较小 E(胃呈水平位 90、佝偻病患儿，骨样组织堆积引起的主要表现是 A(颅骨软化 B(前囟宽大 C(睡眠不安 D(出牙延迟 E(肋骨串珠 91、急性呼吸衰竭为小儿时期常见急症之一，对急性呼吸衰竭患儿的护理措 施中，下列哪项不妥 A(密切观察病情变化 B(遵医嘱给予氧气吸入 C(让患儿取半卧位或坐卧位 D(不断吸痰以保持呼吸道通畅 E(立即将患儿送入监护室 92(下列哪项属于维生素D 缺乏性佝偻病常出现的指标 A(血清蛋白降低 B(血糖降低 C(血胆固醇降低 D(血碱性磷酸酶降低 E(钙磷乘积降低 93(患儿5 岁，全身严重指陷性水肿，血清蛋白(白蛋白)10g/L，血胆固醇 9 9(2mmol/L，24 小时尿蛋白定量0(15g/kg，诊断为单纯性肾病。该患儿的治疗及护理正确的是 A(适当户外活动 B(饮食不必限盐 C(禁用环磷酰胺 D(尽量避免皮下注射 E(口服泼尼松总疗程不超过8 周 94、预防新生儿颅内出血的关健措施为 A(生后及时吸氧 B(及时注射维生素K C(生后积极建立呼吸 D(加强孕产期保健 E(保持安静少搬动 95、某患儿因急性肾小球肾炎入院，3 天后尿少、水肿加重、伴呼吸困难，心律呈奔马律，肝脏增大，两肺有湿性啰音。该患儿可能并发了 A(支气管肺炎 B(急性肾功能衰竭C(高血压脑病 D(急性心力衰竭 E(电解质紊乱 96、患儿4 岁，体温38(0?，咳嗽，食欲不振，诊断为急性上呼吸道感染。应为该患儿提供的饮食是 A(低维生素饮食 B(半流质饮食 C(无渣饮食 D(低热能饮食 E(低蛋白饮食 97、畏食常由精神因素或喂养不当引起，那么一小儿11 个月因畏食来院求医，护士应首先为其检查 A(身高 B(体重 C(坐高 D(乳牙 E(骨化中心 98、先天性心脏病属于右向左分流型的是 A(房间隔缺损B(室间隔缺损C(动脉导管未闭 D(法洛四联症E(肺动脉狭窄 99、下列哪项是新生儿生理性黄疸的特点 A(血清胆红素>205μmol/L B(生后2,3 天出现黄疸 C(黄疸于第10 天加重 D(黄疸持续时间>4 周 E(黄疸退而复现 100、10 个月患儿，诊断为重症佝偻病，用维生素D 突击疗法，已满3 个月，其预防量每日应给维生素D A(200IU B(300IU C(400IU D(500IU E(600IU 101、下列哪种辅食适合7 个月小孩食用 A(碎肉和菜汤 B(烂面和鸡蛋 C(面条和青菜汤 D(带馅的食品E(碎肉和饼干 102、新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温的原则是 A(逐步升温，循序渐进 B(供给足够液量，帮助复温 C(立即升温，使体温迅速达正常 D(立即放入34?暖箱，逐步升温 10 E(保证体温每小时升高1? 103、麻疹减毒活疫苗应在哪个月初种 A(2,3 个月 B(4,5 个月 C(6,7 个 D(8,12 个月 E(13,14 个月 104、根据小儿各年龄期特点分析，3 岁小儿与父母到儿保门诊咨询，护士向其父母做的保健指导应强调 A(鼓励小儿拿杯子喝水 B(室内相对湿度为55%,65% C(保证睡眠8h D(预防溢乳所致窒息E(训练定时排便 105、导致婴幼儿佝偻病最主要的原因是 A(饮食中缺乏矿物质 B(甲状旁腺功能不全 C(接受日光照射不足 D(慢性肝(肾疾病 E(慢性胃肠道疾病 106、患儿，6 岁，因全身浮肿，以"肾病综合征"入院。查体:阴囊水肿明显，局部皮肤紧张、变薄，透亮，目前最主要的护理诊断是 A(自我形象紊乱 B(有受伤的危险 C(活动无耐力 D(营养失调低于机体需要量 E(有皮肤完整性受损的危险 107、下列哪项是营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血特有的临床表现 A(红细胞减少 B(疲乏无力 C(食欲不振 D(心率增快 E(神经、精神症状 108、护士在护理婴儿时，哪项心理沟通方式适用于护理婴儿 A(因势利导 B(多做游戏 C(搂抱与抚摸 D(适时鼓励 E(社会交流 109、急性心力衰竭患儿应用强心甙药物期间，为了防止强心甙药物中毒，饮食中应注意补充 A(钾盐B(钠盐C(钙盐D(镁盐E(碘盐 110、复温是护理低体温儿的关键措施，那么新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温应遵循的原则是 A(逐步升温，循序渐进 B(供给足够水量，缓慢升温 C(立即升温，使体温迅速达到正常 D(即刻放入暖箱，每30 分钟升1 度 E(每小时升1 度，8 小时体温达正常 111、在儿科住院的护理常规中，一般新入院患儿3 日内测体温、脉搏、呼吸的次数应为 A(每日1 次 B(每日2 次 C(每日3 次 D(每1 小时1 次 E(每3 小时1 次 112、以下哪个是反映小儿生长发育，尤其是反映营养状况的重要指标 11 A(身长B(头围C(体重D(胸围E(皮下脂肪 113、持续时间较久的典型的急性肾小球肾炎患儿的临床表现是 A(水肿 B(高血压 C(镜下血尿 D(肉眼血尿 E(氮质血症 114、正常小儿前囟在哪几个月闭合 A(8,11 个月 B(12,18 个月 C(20,22 个月 D(23,25 个月 E(26,28 个月 患儿，4 个月，睡眠时常烦躁哭闹，难以入睡，诊断为佝偻病，给予维生素D 3 30 万IU 肌注后突然发生全身抽搐3 次，每次约20,60 秒，发作停止时精神如常，体重6kg，体温37(9?,有枕秃及颅骨软化，血清钙1(68mmol/L。 115、对该患儿的护理应首先采取 A(继续补充维生素D B(降低患儿体温 C(在病床两侧加床档 D(尽快给予葡萄糖酸钙 E(及时纠正碱中毒 116、该患儿现在抽搐的主要原因是 A(缺乏维生素D B(血清钙减少 (癫痫发作 E(碱中毒 C(热性惊厥 D 患儿，8 个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查:Hb:90g/L，RBC:2×1012/L，血清维生素B12 降低 117、该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予 A(输血 B(铁剂+维生素C C(维生素B 12+叶酸 D(强的松 E(补钙剂 118、预防该疾病应强调 A(预防感染 B(多晒太阳 C(按时添加辅食 D(培养良好饮食习惯 E(加强体格锻炼 患儿，9 个月，呕吐、腹泻3 天，尿量略少，皮肤弹性稍差，口唇微干，眼窝轻度凹陷。血清钠浓度为140mmol/L 119、其脱水的程度为 A(重度脱水 B(无脱水 C(中度脱水 D(极重度脱水 E(轻度脱水 120、该患儿失水约占其体重的 A(4% B(8% C(10% D(12% E(14% 患儿11 个月，以发热、咳嗽、气促来我院就诊，体检发现:T:39(5?，P:145 次/分，R:54 次/分，口周发绀，两肺有细湿啰音，该患儿诊断为肺炎。 121、应对该患儿立即采取的护理措施是 12 A(调节病室的温、湿度 B(取舒适的平卧位 C(进行雾化吸入 D(进行物理降温 E(翻身、拍背、吸痰 122、该患儿入院时，对其家长的健康指导特别重要的是 A(介绍肺炎的病因 B(指导合理喂养 C(说明保持患儿安静的重要性 D(示范帮助患儿翻身的操作 E(讲解肺炎的预防 123、该患儿住院期间护士应重点观察患儿以下哪些 A(睡眠状况 B(进食多少 C(大小便次数 D(咳嗽频率及轻重 E(脉搏、呼吸的改变 A(流行性乙型脑炎 B(脊髓灰质炎 C(中毒性痢疾 D(乙型肝炎 E(腮腺炎 124、由虫媒传播的是: 125、由飞沫呼吸道传播的是: 儿科护理模拟考试题 126、引起小儿腹泻病最常见的病因是 (1分) A.感染 B.受凉 C.过敏 D.饮食不当 E.生长过快 127、注意力缺陷多动症最主要的病因为 (1分) A.感染 B.遗传因素 C.氨基酸代谢障碍 D.染色体畸变 E.甲状腺的功能不足 128、以下那种病是引起学龄期儿童心力衰竭的常见原因 (1分) A.中毒性心肌炎 B.病毒性心肌炎 C.风湿性心脏病 D.心律失常 E.心包炎 129、关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 13 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 130、以下哪项不是小儿肺脏的解剖特点 (1分) A.肺弹力组织发育不完善 B.肺泡小而数量少 C.肺间质发育旺盛 D.肺血管丰富 E.全肺含气量多而含血量较少 131、 正常新生儿胃容量为 (1分) A.10,20ml B.20,30ml C.30,60ml D.50,70ml E.80,100ml 132、关于新生儿硬肿症的叙述，下列哪项是错误的 (1分) A.多发生于夏季 B.临终前常发生DIC C.常并发肺炎、败血症 D.生后一周内的新生儿多见 E.先发生于小腿、大腿外侧 133、 给小儿喂药时应特别注意 (1分) A.将药片用开水溶化B.服药后给少量糖水 C.抱起患儿成半坐位D.不合作者切勿捏住双侧鼻孔喂药 E.表现恶心欲吐时暂停喂药 134、维生素D缺乏时，不应出现 (1分) A.血钙降低 B.甲状旁腺分泌增加 C.血磷升高 D.骨钙游离 E.骨样组织钙化过程障碍 、体重2lkg、身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之135、正常小儿，身长108cm 间，尚未开始出恒牙，其可能的年龄是 (1分) A.5岁 B.6岁 C.7岁 D.8岁 E.9岁 136、 足月新生儿，出生6天。生后第3天出现皮肤黄染，无发热，精神状态好，心肺(-)，脐(-)，血清胆红素154μmol/L。正确的处理为 (1分) A.光照疗法 B.给予苯巴比妥 C.输白蛋白 D.应用抗生素 E.暂不需要治疗 137、新生儿，女，日龄5天，食欲及精神较好，母亲在给其换尿布时发现其会阴部有血性分泌物，你认为是 (1分) A.生理现象 B.肉眼血尿 C.尿道出血 D.回肠出血 E.直肠出血 138、鹅口疮患儿清洗口腔宜选用的溶液是 (1分) A.0.1,利凡诺 B.3,过氧化氢 C.2,碳酸氢钠 D.10,氢氧化钠 E.1?5000高锰酸钾 139、 治疗肾病综合征的首选药物是 (1分) 14 A.抗生素 B.利尿剂 C.冻干人血浆 D.免疫调节剂 E.肾上腺糖皮质激素 140、下列对小儿化脓性脑膜炎防治要点的描述错误的是 (1分) A.治疗主要是应用抗生素控制感染 B.若治疗及时，处理得当，则预后较好 C.感染途径多为血液传染 D.加强体格锻炼，提高机体抵抗力 E.神经系统后遗症可有脑积水、耳聋等 141、PPD试验(+++)为 (1分) A.硬结直径20mm以上 B.红斑直径20mm以上 C.硬结直径10,20mm以上 D.红斑直径15mm以上 E.红斑直径20mm以上伴水疱及局部坏死 142、 佝偻病后遗症期主要表现为 (1分) A.血磷下降，血钙正常 B.睡眠不安及多汗 C.X线长骨骺端呈毛刷状改变 D.骨骼畸形 E.肌肉韧带松弛 143、支原体肺炎治疗应选择哪种抗生素 (1分) A.青霉素 B.氨苄青霉素 C.头孢噻肟 D.庆大霉素 E.红霉素 144、 化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中白细胞数多为 (1分) A.小于10×106/L B.(10,50)×106/L C .(100,200)×106/L D.(500,600)×106/L E.大于1000×106/L 145、最能反映贫血的实验室检查指标为 (1分) A.红细胞计数 B.红细胞沉降率 C.网织红细胞计数 D.血红蛋白定量 E.血清蛋白总量 146、关于结核菌素试验结果的描述下列正确的是 (1分) A.凡是结核菌素试验阴性都可以除外结核 B.卡介苗接种成功，结核菌素反应多呈阳性 C.重症肺结核的结核菌素反应阳性 D.结核菌素试验阳性，肯定有结核病 E.初次感染结核后4周内，结核菌素试验阳性 147、 一足月儿，产钳术娩出，有窒息史。生后第2天出现嗜睡、拒乳，阵发性青紫及呼吸暂停，前囟门饱满，拟诊为新生儿颅内出血。你认为护理评估应特别注意 (1分) 15 A.X线检查 B.血常规 C.大小便常规 D.头颅CT检查 E.血生化 患儿，8个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查:Hb:90g/L，RBC:2×1012/L，血清维生素B12降低。 (3分) 148、 你考虑该患儿可能发生的疾病是 (1分) A.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血 B.营养性缺铁性贫血 C.营养性混合性贫血 D.溶血性贫血 E.感染性贫血 149、该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予 (1分) A.输血 B.铁剂+维生素C C.维生素B12+叶酸 D.强的松 E.补钙剂 150、预防该疾病应强调 (1分) A.预防感染 B.多晒太阳 C.按时添加辅食 D.培养良好饮食习惯 E.加强体格锻炼 151、 轻度新生儿窒息错误的抢救方法是 (1分) A.保暖 B.清理呼吸道 C.气管插管 D.吸氧 E.刺激呼吸 152、抢救新生儿窒息下面哪项不必要 (1分) A.保暖 B.头低脚高位 C.吸痰 D.吸氧 E.严密观察，随时评估，以便制定相应措施 153、小儿轻度脱水，丢失水分约为体重的 (1分) A.小于5% B.5%,6% C.7%,8% D.9%,10% E.10%,12% 154、 为脱水患儿补液，继续损失与生理需要量应于多长时间内补完 (1分) A.1小时内 B.2,4小时 C.4,6小时 D.8,10小时 E.12,16小时 155、 使用蓝光箱时，灯管与患儿皮肤的距离应为 (1分) A.10,15cm B.15,20cm C.30,50cm D.55,60cm E.60,70cm 156、以脉压增宽为特点的先天性心脏病是 (1分) A.房间隔缺损 B.室间隔缺损 C.动脉导管末闭 D.法洛四联症 E.主动脉缩窄 157、 给患儿进行饮食护理时应注意 (1分) A.多进甜食 B.应足量 C.多进盐 D.多饮水 E.少盐或无盐 16 158、以下鹅口疮临床表现的叙述哪项错误 (1分) A.颊部、齿龈处有白色凝乳块样物 B.局部不痛，不影响吃奶 C.多无全身中毒症状 D.病情严重者可影响呼吸道和消化道 E.患儿均有发热 158、 一患儿诊断为营养性缺铁性贫血，服用铁剂停药的时间应是 (1分) A.血红蛋白量恢复正常 B.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,周 C.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,周 D.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,个月 E.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,个月 159、一胎龄35周早产儿，冬天出生，现年龄为1个月零2天。母乳喂养，体重已由出生时2.0kg增至3.0kg。现首先应添加的辅食及其添加目的是 (1分) A.米汤，以补充热量 B.菜汤，以补充矿物质 C.米糊，以补充热量 D.果汁，以补充维生素C E.鱼肝油，以补充维生素D 160、患儿因急性肾小球肾炎入院，4天后尿少、水肿加重。两肺有湿性啰音，心律呈奔马律，肝脏增大。可能并发了 (1分) A.支气管肺炎 B.高血压脑病 C.电解质紊乱 D.急性循环充血 E.急性肾功能衰竭 某10个月小儿因肺炎住院，当日哭闹不停，不愿离开母亲。 161、此时患儿主要心理压力来源 (1分) A.缺乏对疾病的认识 B.身体形象改变 C.离开亲人接触陌生人 D.失眠 E.饥饿 162、此时患儿主要的身心反应是 (1分) A.分离性焦虑 B.谵妄 C.痴呆 D.哭闹 E.愤怒 163、护士对其进行心理护理时哪项不妥 (1分) A.创造协调，温馨的环境 B.把患儿接过来，让父母马上离开 C.尽量固定护士连续护理 D.保持与患儿父母的联系 E.首次接触患儿先和其父母对话 164、引起小儿腹泻病最常见的病因是 (1分) A.感染 B.受凉 C.过敏 D.饮食不当 E.生长过快 17 165、以下那种病是引起学龄期儿童心力衰竭的常见原因 (1分) A.中毒性心肌炎 B.病毒性心肌炎 C.风湿性心脏病 D.心律失常 E.心包炎 166、关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 167、以下哪项不是小儿肺脏的解剖特点 (1分) A.肺弹力组织发育不完善 B.肺泡小而数量少 C.肺间质发育旺盛 D.肺血管丰富 E.全肺含气量多而含血量较少 168、 正常新生儿胃容量为 (1分) A.10,20ml B.20,30ml C.30,60ml D.50,70ml E.80,100ml 169、 关于新生儿硬肿症的叙述，下列哪项是错误的 (1分) A.多发生于夏季 B.临终前常发生DIC C.常并发肺炎、败血症 D.生后一周内的新生儿多见 E.先发生于小腿、大腿外侧 170、 给小儿喂药时应特别注意 (1分) A.将药片用开水溶化 B.服药后给少量糖水 C.抱起患儿成半坐位 D.不合作者切勿捏住双侧鼻孔喂药 E.表现恶心欲吐时暂停喂药 171 维生素D缺乏时，不应出现 (1分) A.血钙降低 B.甲状旁腺分泌增加 C.血磷升高 D.骨钙游离 E.骨样组织钙化过程障碍 172、属于小细胞低色素性贫血的是 (1分) A.巨幼细胞性贫血 B.再生障碍性贫血 C.急性失血性贫血 D.缺铁性贫血 E.白血病 173、最常见的肺炎是 (1分) A.细菌性肺炎 B.病毒性肺炎 C.支原体肺炎 18 D.真菌性肺炎 E.衣原体肺炎 174、肾性水肿一般发生在 (1分) A.双下肢 B.胸腔积液 C.心包积液 D.腹水 E.眼睑及面部 175、足月新生儿，出生6天。生后第3天出现皮肤黄染，无发热，精神状态好，心肺(-)，脐(-)，血清胆红素154μmol/L。正确的处理为 (1分) A.光照疗法 B.给予苯巴比妥 C.输白蛋白 D.应用抗生素 E.暂不需要治疗 176、新生儿，女，日龄5天，食欲及精神较好，母亲在给其换尿布时发现其会阴部有血性分泌物，你认为是 (1分) A.生理现象 B.肉眼血尿 C.尿道出血 D.回肠出血 E.直肠出血 177、治疗肾病综合征的首选药物是 (1分) A.抗生素 B.利尿剂 C.冻干人血浆 D.免疫调节剂 E.肾上腺糖皮质激素 A.20%甘露醇，保挣安静 B.清理呼吸道 C.选择有效抗生素 D.给予10%葡萄糖酸钙 E.给予镇静剂 (3分) 178 新生儿颅内出血2天伴前囟紧张___ (1分) 179 生后3天，脐部化脓，血培养阳性___ (1分) 180 生后8天出现吸吮困难，苦笑面容___ (1分) 儿科护理基础知识: 181、关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 182、维生素D缺乏时，不应出现 (1分) A.血钙降低 B.甲状旁腺分泌增加 C.血磷升高 D.骨钙游离 19 E.骨样组织钙化过程障碍 183、正常小儿，身长108cm、体重2lkg、身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间，尚未开始出恒牙，其可能的年龄是 (1分) A.5岁 B.6岁 C.7岁 D.8岁 E.9岁 184、小儿贫血的判断标准正确的是 (1分) A.新生儿Hb小于145g,L B.1,4个月Hb小于130g,L C.4,6个月Hb小于120g,L D.6个月,6岁Hb小于120g,L E.6,14岁小儿Hb小于130g,L 185、麻疹的传播途径是 (1分) A.消化道 B.血液 C.接触性 D.呼吸道 E.虫媒 186、婴幼儿少尿概念是指一昼夜尿量低于 (1分) A.400ml B.300ml C.200ml D.250ml E.50,100ml 187、目前认为先心病的病因主要是 (1分) A.宫内细菌感染 B.宫内病毒感染 C.宫内支原体感染 D.母亲妊娠毒血症 E.胎盘早剥 188、下列哪一项属于出生时不存在以后逐渐出现并永不消失的神经反射 (1分) A.角膜反射 B.腹壁反射 C.颈肢反射 D.咽反射 E.握持反射 189、婴幼儿上呼吸道感染易并发中耳炎的主要原因是 (1分) A.咽鼓管较宽、短、呈水平位 B.咽鼓管较窄、长、呈斜位 C.咽鼓管淋巴组织丰富 D.咽鼓管易充血水肿 E.咽鼓管缺少分泌型IgA 190、一个4岁小儿体检心脏大小，哪一个结果是正常的 (1分) A.心尖部在左第4肋间，锁骨中线外2cm B.心尖部在左第4肋间，锁骨中线外1cm C.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线处 D.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线内0.5cm E.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线内1cm 191、肾病综合征临床表现形成的原因，哪项不妥 (1分) A.肾小球滤过膜通透性增加致大量蛋白尿 B.血浆蛋白从尿中丢失，肾小管对重吸收的白蛋白进行分解，致出现低白蛋白血症 C.肝代偿合成蛋白质时，脂蛋白合成亦随之增加，导致高脂血症 20 D.低白蛋白血症导致血浆胶体渗透乐减低，水分外渗，加上水钠潴留，致水肿 E.病人摄入过多脂肪，导致高脂血症 192、婴儿泌尿道感染最常见的病原菌是 (1分) A.金黄色葡萄球菌 B.溶血性链球菌 C.脑膜炎奈瑟菌 D.大肠埃希菌 E.铜绿假单胞菌 193、、新生儿期应接种的疫苗是: A(麻疹减度活疫苗 B(乙脑疫苗 C(卡介苗、乙肝疫苗 D(破伤风抗毒素 E(百、百、破疫苗 194、11 个月患儿，发热、咳嗽2 天，以肺炎收入院。入院第2 天，突然烦躁不安、呼吸急促，发绀。查体:体温38?，呼吸70 次/min，心率186 次/min，心音低钝，两肺细湿啰音增多，肝肋下3(5cm。该患儿治疗措施最关键的是 A(大剂量使用镇静剂 B(间断吸氧 C(使用利尿剂 D(使用快速洋地黄制剂 E(吸痰清理呼吸道 195、急性呼吸衰竭为小儿时期常见急症之一，对急性呼吸衰竭患儿的护理措施中，下列哪项不妥 A(密切观察病情变化 B(遵医嘱给予氧气吸入 C(让患儿取半卧位或坐卧位 D(不断吸痰以保持呼吸道通畅 E(立即将患儿送入监护室 患儿女，1岁。多汗，睡眠不安，方颅及肋骨串珠，X线检查骨骺端临时钙化带消失，呈毛刷样、杯口状改变，骨骺软骨带明显增宽，骨密度减低。 (3分) 196、 此患儿最可能的临床诊断是 (1分) A.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期 B.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期 C.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症 D.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期 E.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病后遗症期 21 197、 此病的后遗症是 (1分) A.枕秃 B.蛙状腹 C.骨骼畸形 D.语言落后 E.肌肉韧带松弛 1分) 198、后遗症常常发生的年龄在 ( A.6个月以下 B.1岁以下 C.1岁半以下 D.2岁以下 E.3岁以上 199、一迁延不愈的营养不良患儿，凌晨护士巡视时发现面色苍白、四肢厥冷、神志不清、脉搏减慢、呼吸暂停。应先想到 (1分) A.呼吸衰竭 B.心力衰竭 C.感染性休克 D.低血糖症 E.低血钙症 200、5岁患儿，近1周来发热、寒战、尿频，有腰痛，医嘱留尿培养，下列关于尿培养的描述哪一项不正确 (1分) A.应留取中段尿做培养 B.若培养菌落计数大于105/ml可确诊 C.留取尿标本时先用肥皂将外阴清洗干净 D.用0.05%的苯扎溴胺冲洗2次再取尿 E.若30分钟未留到尿液，需再次消毒 22 06级护士资格考试专业知识 1、肾病综合征最常见的症状是 (1分) A.呼吸道感染 B.水肿 C.高血压 D.面色苍白 E.血栓形成 2、含铁量最少的食物是 (1分) A.蛋黄 B.牛奶 C.豆类 D.黑木耳 E.瘦肉 3、肾病综合征的三高一低特征不包括 (1分) A.高血压 B.高度水肿 C.高脂血症 D.大量蛋白尿 E.低白蛋白血症 4、轻度新生儿窒息错误的抢救方法是 (1分) A.保暖 B.清理呼吸道 C.气管插管 D.吸氧 E.刺激呼吸 5、抢救新生儿窒息下面哪项不必要 (1分) A.保暖 B.头低脚高位 C.吸痰 D.吸氧 E.严密观察，随时评估，以便制定相应措施 6、以下鹅口疮临床表现的叙述哪项错误 (1分) A.颊部、齿龈处有白色凝乳块样物 B.局部不痛，不影响吃奶 C.多无全身中毒症状 D.病情严重者可影响呼吸道和消化道 E.患儿均有发热 7、小儿轻度脱水，丢失水分约为体重的 (1分) A.小于5% B.5%,6% C.7%,8% D.9%,10% E.10%,12% 8、 为脱水患儿补液，继续损失与生理需要量应于多长时间内补完 (1分) A.1小时内 B.2,4小时 C.4,6小时 D.8,10小时 E.12,16小时 9、使用蓝光箱时，灯管与患儿皮肤的距离应为 (1分) A.10,15cm B.15,20cm C.30,50cm D.55,60cm E.60,70cm 10、给患儿进行饮食护理时应注意 (1分) A.多进甜食 B.应足量 C.多进盐 D.多饮水 E.少盐或无盐 10、熟悉各种传染病的潜伏期，最重要的意义是 (1分) A.有助诊断 B.预测疫情 23 C.确定检疫期 D.估计病情严重程度 E.推测预后 11、典型的急性肾小球肾炎患儿，持续时间较久的表现是 (1分) A.水肿 B.高血压 C.镜下血尿 D.肉眼血尿 E.氮质血症 12、下列添加辅食的年龄哪项是错误的 (1分) A.鱼肝油l,3个月 B.蛋黄2,3个月 C.水果汁1,3个月 D.稀粥4,6个月 E.肉末7,9个月 13、一患儿诊断为营养性缺铁性贫血，服用铁剂停药的时间应是 (1分) A.血红蛋白量恢复正常 B.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,周 C.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,周 D.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,个月 E.血红蛋白量恢复正常后,个月 14、 一胎龄35周早产儿，冬天出生，现年龄为1个月零2天。母乳喂养，体重已由出生时2.0kg增至3.0kg。现首先应添加的辅食及其添加目的是 (1分) A.米汤，以补充热量 B.菜汤，以补充矿物质 C.米糊，以补充热量 D.果汁，以补充维生素C E.鱼肝油，以补充维生素D 15、患儿因急性肾小球肾炎入院，4天后尿少、水肿加重。两肺有湿性啰音，心律呈奔马律，肝脏增大。可能并发了 (1分) A.支气管肺炎 B.高血压脑病 C.电解质紊乱 D.急性循环充血 E.急性肾功能衰竭 某10个月小儿因肺炎住院，当日哭闹不停，不愿离开母亲。 (3分) 16、 此时患儿主要心理压力来源 (1分) A.缺乏对疾病的认识 B.身体形象改变 C.离开亲人接触陌生人 D.失眠 E.饥饿 17、 此时患儿主要的身心反应是 (1分) A.分离性焦虑 B.谵妄 C.痴呆 D.哭闹 E.愤怒 18、 护士对其进行心理护理时哪项不妥 (1分) A.创造协调，温馨的环境 B.把患儿接过来，让父母马上离开 C.尽量固定护士连续护理 24 D.保持与患儿父母的联系 E.首次接触患儿先和其父母对话 贫血程度分为轻、中、重，其中中度贫血是指 (1分) A.Hb小于150g/L B.男性Hb小于120g/L，女性Hb小于110g/L C.Hb小于90g/L D.Hb小于60g/L E.Hb小于30g/L 关于急性泌尿道感染的临床表现，下列哪项是错误的 (1分) A.新生儿期主要为全身表现 B.婴幼儿期全身中毒症状重 C.婴幼儿期尿痛表现为排尿时哭闹 D.年长儿上尿路感染时全身症状较为突出 E.年长儿下尿路感染时可有腰痛及肾区叩击痛 关于水痘，下列叙述哪项不正确 (1分) A.皮疹成批出现，斑疹、丘疹、疱疹和结痂同时存在 B.皮疹呈离心性分布 C.由呼吸道和接触传播 D.病人为主要传染源 E.水痘为自限性疾病，病程10天左右 57. 当患儿酸中毒被纠正后，血浆稀释时，要注意观察 (1分) A.低血钙 B.低血钾 C.低血钠 D.低血氯 E.低血镁 58. 蓝光照射前，患婴的准备措施不包括 (1分) A.用黑眼罩遮盖双眼 B.用长条形尿布保护会阴 C.沐浴或擦身 D.测体重 E.在皮肤上涂油保护 59. 100ml，8%糖牛奶所含热量为 (1分) A.209kJ(50kcal) B.230kJ(55kcal) C.251kJ(60kcal) D.276kJ(66kcal) E.420kJ(100kcal) 60. 出现以下症状不符合先天性心脏病的是 (1分) A.发育落后、消瘦 B.反复肺炎 C.持续青紫 D.嗜睡 E.声音嘶哑 61. 重症肺炎小儿存在 (1分) A.代谢性酸中毒 B.呼吸性酸中毒 25 C.代谢性酸中毒和呼吸性酸中毒 D.代谢性碱中毒 E.呼吸性碱中毒 62. 维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症惊厥发作时的处理哪项不妥 (1分) A.立即使用止惊剂 B.立即肌注维生素D C.静脉补充钙剂 D.用钙剂控制症状后再用维生素D E.保持呼吸道通畅，做好抢救准备 63. 治疗营养不良患儿时,食物选择的原则为 (1分) A.选择适合患儿消化能力和营养需要的食物 B.尽可能选用高糖、高热量的食物 C.食物量应根据食欲来增加,不必加以限制 D.营养不良程度越重,食物添加速度越快 E.轻中重营养不良,不必补充各种维生素 64. 未成熟儿给氧的适宜方法为 (1分) A.氧浓度为10%,15%，持续给氧 B.氧浓度为20%,25%，间歇给氧 C.氧浓度为30%,40%，间歇给氧 D.氧浓度为45%,50%，间歇给氧 E.氧浓度为55%,60%，间歇给氧 患儿男，7岁。被诊断为猩红热。对与其有过密切接触的孩子需医学观察的时间是 (1分) A.3天 B.7天 C.14天 D.21天 E.28天 74. 患营养性缺铁性贫血患儿，在口服铁剂治疗的同时，为了利于铁剂的吸收，可同时服用 (1分) A.维生素B12 B.叶酸 C.维生素C D.维生素B1 E.维生素B6 75. 10个月患儿，诊断为重症佝偻病，用维生素D突击疗法，已满3个月，其预防量每日应给维生素D (1分) A.200IU B.300IU C.400IU D.500IU E.600IU 患儿10个月，以发热、咳嗽、气促就诊，体检:T39.5?，P150次/分，R50次/分，口周发绀，两肺有细湿啰音，诊断为肺炎。 (3分) 86. 应对该患儿立即采取的护理措施是 (1分) A.调节病室的温、湿度 B.取舒适的平卧位 C.进行雾化吸入 D.进行物理降温 26 E.翻身、拍背、吸痰 87. 该患儿入院时，对其家长的健康指导特别重要的是 (1分) A.介绍肺炎的病因 B.指导合理喂养 C.说明保持患儿安静的重要性 D.示范帮助患儿翻身的操作 E.讲解肺炎的预防 88. 该患儿住院期间护士应重点观察 (1分) A.睡眠状况 B.进食多少 C.大小便次数 D.咳嗽频率及轻重 E.脉搏、呼吸的改变 新生儿头颅血肿，正确的处理措施是 (1分) A.穿刺抽血 B.按摩 C.热敷 D.注意观察，保持安静 E.切开引流 母乳中的乙型乳糖可促进肠道中 (1分) A.乳酸杆菌的生长 B.变形杆菌的生长 C.大肠杆菌的生长 D.白色念珠菌的生长 E.葡萄球菌的生长 57. 气管插管吸痰时，吸痰管在气管插管内停留时间不宜超过 (1分) A.5秒 B.5,10秒 C.10,15秒 D.15,20秒 E.20,25秒 58. 典型麻疹最先出现皮疹的部位是 (1分) A.面部 B.耳后发际 C.颈部 D.前胸 E.四肢 维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症惊厥特点错误的是 (1分) A.发作持续数秒钟 B.突然发生四肢及面肌抽动 C.发作时意识丧失 D.1天内可发作数次 E.常伴有发热 61. 熟悉各种传染病的潜伏期，最重要的意义是 (1分) A.有助诊断 B.预测疫情 C.确定检疫期 D.估计病情严重程度 E.推测预后 62. 脱水时补液的速度取决于 (1分) A.液体张力 B.液体种类 C.脱水程度 D.大便性质 E.尿量多少 63. 急性肾炎水肿多由何处开始 (1分) A.眼睑 B.面部 C.腰部 D.胫骨前 E.踝部 64. 给肺炎患儿家长做健康指导时，喂养的原则是 (1分) 27 A.少食多餐，避免呛咳 B.少食少饮，以免咳嗽 C.禁食、禁水，输液 D.停奶类改喂养辅食 E.停辅食改奶类喂养 一个肾病综合征患儿，有胸水，全身水肿较重，护理该患儿时不应采用的方法是 (1分) A.避免皮肤擦伤及受压 B.保持皮肤清洁干燥 C.阴囊部用吊带托起 D.让患儿卧于橡胶单上以利清理床单位 E.静脉穿刺时选好血管，争取一次穿刺成功 75. 3岁患儿，年幼就出现青紫，生长发育明显落后于同龄儿，杵状指(趾)，喜蹲踞，该患儿最易出现的并发症为 (1分) A.呼吸道感染 B.感染性心内膜炎 C.脑栓塞、脑脓肿 D.心力衰竭 E.贫血 患儿，女11个月，因纳差1个月就诊。查面色苍白，Hb90g/L，诊断为"营 养性缺铁性贫血"，需补充铁剂治疗。 (2分) 86. 为提高疗效可同时服用 (1分) A.维生素B6 B.维生素B12 C.维生素C D.维生素D E.维生素E 87. 服用铁剂的最佳时间是 (1分) A.餐前 B.餐后 C.晨起时 D.临睡时 E.两餐之间 轻度高渗性脱水临床表现的特点是 (1分) A.口渴 B.血压下降 C.尿量减少 D.意识障碍 E.皮肤弹性下降 将15%氯化钾20ml稀释于5%葡萄糖溶液中，至少需要的溶液量是 (1分) A.200ml B.300ml C.500ml D.800ml E.1000ml 治疗新生儿破伤风，首选的抗生素是 (1分) A.红霉素 B.青霉素 C.氯霉素 D.庆大霉素 E.新霉素 34. 急性肾小球肾炎患儿应给予降压药治疗的指征是 (1分) A.舒张压低于50mmHg B.舒张压高于60mmHg C.舒张压高于70mmHg D.舒张压低于80mmHg E.舒张压低于90mmHg 28 35. 口服补液盐(ORS)液的张力为 (1分) A.1/张 B.1/4张 C.1/3张 D.1/2张 E.2/3张 36. 心脏按压的方法不正确的是 (1分) A.小婴儿按压可用双手环抱压胸骨中1/3处 B.对幼儿抢救者可单手按压胸骨下1/3 C.对10岁以上儿童抢救者双手按压胸骨下1/3处 D.对学龄儿童心脏按压每分钟应按压60次 E.对小婴儿心脏按压每分钟应按压130次 37. 预防小儿结核病的主要方法是 (1分) A.及时发现患者 B.隔离患者 C.普种卡介苗 D.隔离治疗患者及普种卡介苗 E.对小儿进行预防性化疗 38. 佝偻病初期的主要临床表现是 (1分) A.运动发育迟缓 B.方颅、鸡胸 C.肌肉松驰 D.神经精神症状 E."O"或"X"形腿 39. 营养不良患儿表现最突出的实验室检查项目是 (1分) A.血糖降低 B.生长激素降低 C.血浆胆固醇降低 D.血清白蛋白减少 E.胰岛素样生长因子减少 40. 预防新生儿颅内出血的关健措施为 (1分) A.生后及时吸氧 B.及时注射维生素K C.生后积极建立呼吸 D.加强孕产期保健 E.保持安静少搬动 41. 哪项不是流行性腮腺炎的并发症 (1分) A.脑膜脑炎 B.急性胰腺炎 C.急性咽喉炎 D.急性睾丸炎 E.急性卵巢炎 42. 尿路感染有确诊意义的辅助检查是 (1分) A.尿常规检查 B.尿涂片找细菌 C.尿培养和菌落计数 D.肾盂造影 E.B型超声波检查 体重6kg，婴儿每天需要牛奶和水量是 (1分) A.8%糖牛奶550ml，水240ml B.8%糖牛奶660m1，水240ml C.8%糖牛奶900m1，不必再给水 D.8%糖牛奶750ml，水150ml E.5%糖牛奶660ml，水240ml 29 6. 对于惊厥发作患儿下列哪项护理不妥 (1分) A.立即送抢救室 B.解开衣领，平卧头侧位 C.轻轻将舌向外牵拉 D.手心和腋下放纱布 E.将牙垫置于上下磨牙间 57. 婴儿时期最易出现心力衰竭的是患有 (1分) A.房间隔缺损 B.室间隔缺损 C.法洛四联症 D.急性肾小球肾炎 E.风湿性心脏病 58. 婴儿手足搐搦症主要死亡原因是 (1分) A.无热惊厥 B.心力衰竭 C.喉痉挛 D.呼吸衰竭 E.手足搐搦 59. 对于肺炎患儿，病室适宜的温度和相对湿度是 (1分) A.16,18?，40% B.18,22?，55%,60% C.20,22?，70% D.22,24?，80% E.24,26?，90% 60. 小儿时期结核病病死率最高的是 (1分) A.浸润性肺结核 B.原发型肺结核 急性粟粒型肺结核 C.结核性脑膜炎 D. E.纤维空洞型肺结核 61. 新生儿生理性黄疸出现于生后 (1分) A.1天内 B.2,3天 C.4,5天 D.6,7天 E.8天后 62. 哮喘性支气管炎的临床特点不正确的是 (1分) A.多在3岁以下 B.吸气性呼吸困难 C.有湿疹史或其它过敏史 D.两肺布满哮鸣音 E.反复发作 63. 小儿肺结核最常见的类型是 (1分) A.原发型肺结核 B.粟粒型肺结核 C.浸润型肺结核 D.慢性纤维空洞型肺结核 E.结核性胸膜炎 64. 口服维生素D治疗佝偻病，治疗量需用多久 (1分) A.1个月 B.3个月 C.6个月 D.12个月 E.24个月 小儿，3岁，于入院前曾与水痘患儿接触，应采取的措施是 (1分) A.多饮水 B.静脉点滴抗生素 C.进行检疫 D.隔离 E.晒太阳 74. 1岁患儿，因婴儿腹泻重度脱水入院，经补液脱水基本纠正，但患儿精 30 神萎缩、四肢无力、心音低钝、腹胀、腱反射减弱，应考虑为 (1分) A.低血糖 B.低钙血症 C.低镁血 D.低钾血症 E.酸中毒 75. 男婴，孕期30周早产，生后1天。出生体重1900g，哭声低，吸吮、吞 1分) 咽能力均差，需置暖箱中，其箱温的调节主要依据 ( A.身长 B.体重 C.呼吸 D.血压 E.心率 4岁小儿，全身重度浮肿两周，呈凹陷性，随体位变化，以颜面及下肢为明显，近3天尿量24小时100ml左右，浮肿加重，腹部高于胸部，两眼不能睁开，呼吸困难，喜平卧位，两肺中下野呼吸音减弱，叩浊，语颤消失，腹水征(++)，尿蛋白(++++) (3分) 87. 该患儿最可能的诊断是 (1分) A.肾病综合征并发肺炎 B.D.肾病综合征并发心衰 C.肾病综合征并发腹膜炎 D.肾病综合征并发胸水、腹水 E.以上均不是 88. 该患儿的蛋白摄入量应控制在每日 (1分) A.0g/kg B.2g/kg C.3g/kg D.4g/kg E.5g/kg 89. 该患儿目前最应关注的护理问题是 (1分) A.焦虑 B.体液过多 C.营养不足 D.潜在并发症:药物的副作用 E.有皮肤完整性受损的危险 儿科护理基础知识: 1、引起小儿腹泻病最常见的病因是 (1分) A.感染 B.受凉 C.过敏 D.饮食不当 E.生长过快 2、以下那种病是引起学龄期儿童心力衰竭的常见原因 (1分) A.中毒性心肌炎 B.病毒性心肌炎 C.风湿性心脏病 D.心律失常 E.心包炎 3、关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 4、 以下哪项不是小儿肺脏的解剖特点 (1分) A.肺弹力组织发育不完善 B.肺泡小而数量少 31 C.肺间质发育旺盛 D.肺血管丰富 E.全肺含气量多而含血量较少 5、正常新生儿胃容量为 (1分) A.10,20ml B.20,30ml C.30,60ml D.50,70ml E.80,100ml 6、关于新生儿硬肿症的叙述，下列哪项是错误的 (1分) A.多发生于夏季 B.临终前常发生DIC C.常并发肺炎、败血症 D.生后一周内的新生儿多见 E.先发生于小腿、大腿外侧 7、给小儿喂药时应特别注意 (1分) A.将药片用开水溶化 B.服药后给少量糖水 C.抱起患儿成半坐位 D.不合作者切勿捏住双侧鼻孔喂药 E.表现恶心欲吐时暂停喂药 8、维生素D缺乏时，不应出现 (1分) A.血钙降低 B.甲状旁腺分泌增加 C.血磷升高 D.骨钙游离 E.骨样组织钙化过程障碍 9、属于小细胞低色素性贫血的是 (1分) A.巨幼细胞性贫血 B.再生障碍性贫血 C.急性失血性贫血 D.缺铁性贫血 E.白血病 10、正常小儿，身长108cm、体重2lkg、身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间，尚未开始出恒牙，其可能的年龄是 (1分) A.5岁 B.6岁 C.7岁 D.8岁 E.9岁 11、 足月新生儿，出生6天。生后第3天出现皮肤黄染，无发热，精神状态好，心肺(-)，脐(-)，血清胆红素154μmol/L。正确的处理为 (1分) A.光照疗法 B.给予苯巴比妥 C.输白蛋白 D.应用抗生素 E.暂不需要治疗 12、新生儿，女，日龄5天，食欲及精神较好，母亲在给其换尿布时发现其会阴部有血性分泌物，你认为是 (1分) A.生理现象 B.肉眼血尿 C.尿道出血 D.回肠出血 E.直肠出血 13、哪种液体成份与细胞外液最接近 (1分) A.5%葡萄糖盐水 B.0.9%氯化钠溶液 32 C.林格氏液 D.平衡盐液 E.低分子右旋糖酐 14、某新生儿出生后第三天，对其生命体征的描述，正确的是 (1分) A.胸式呼吸为主 B.体温38.7? C.脉搏90次/分 D.心率100次/分 E.呼吸20,40次/分 23. 引起小儿腹泻病最常见的病因是 (1分) A.感染 B.受凉 C.过敏 D.饮食不当 E.生长过快 24. 中毒性痢疾多见于 (1分) A.新生儿 B.婴幼儿 C.儿童 D.青年 E.成人 25. 关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 26. 新生儿生理性黄疸的特点是 (1分) A.血清胆红素大于205μmol/L B.生后2,3天出现黄疸 C.黄疸于第10天加重 D.黄疸持续时间大于4周 E.黄疸退而复现 27. 婴儿生理性贫血出现的月龄为 (1分) A.1个月内 B.2,3个月 C.5,6个月 D.8,10个月 E.12,14个月 28. 以下哪项不是引起婴儿溢乳的原因 (1分) A.胃呈水平位 B.常发生胃肠逆蠕动 C.幽门括约肌发育好 D.胃酸分泌少 E.贲门括约肌较松弛 31. 关于新生儿脑脊液的描述，下列哪项是错误的 (1分) A.新生儿脑脊液量较多 B.正常脑脊液外观透明 C.新生儿细胞数可达20×106/L D.氯化物含量118,128mmol/L E.糖含量2.8,4.4mmol/L，蛋白不超过400mg/L 妊娠36周末下列哪项错误 (1分) A.胎儿身长45cm B.体重约2500g C.皮下脂肪丰富 D.有一定生活能力 33 E.指甲已达指端 肾盂肾炎最常见的感染途径是 (1分) A.上行感染 B.直接感染 C.淋巴管感染 D.血行感染 E.间接感染 最常见的贫血是 (1分) A.急性失血性贫血 B.再生障碍性贫血 C.巨幼红细胞性贫血 D.缺铁性贫血 E.溶血性贫血 64. 正常小儿，身长108cm、体重2lkg、身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间，尚未开始出恒牙，其可能的年龄是 (1分) A.5岁 B.6岁 C.7岁 D.8岁 E.9岁 65. 一4个月婴儿，来儿保门诊检查，可认为发育异常的情况是 (1分) A.前囟未闭，大小为1.5cm×2cm B.乳牙未萌生 C.头尚不能抬起 D.不能伸手取物 E.拥抱反射消失 66. 某儿，体重12kg，身长85cm，头围48cm，胸围49cm，其年龄大约是 (1分) A.10个月 B.12个月 C.一岁半 D.2岁 E.二岁半 A.肾小球滤过率降低 B.肾小管重吸收增加 C.大量血浆蛋白丢失 D.继发性醛固酮增多 E.继发性心功能不全 (2分) 93. 急性肾小球肾炎水肿的主要原因是_a__ (1分) 94. 原发性肾病综合征水肿的最主要原因是___c (1分) 麻疹的传播途径是 (1分) A.消化道 B.血液 C.接触性 D.呼吸道 E.虫媒 有关小儿血压，以下哪项是错误的 (1分) A.测量血压的袖带宽度应为上臂的2/3 B.2岁后收缩压为(年龄×2)+80mmHg C.上肢血压比下肢血压高20mmHg D.1岁以内小儿收缩压为70-80mmHg 34 E.舒张压为收缩压的2/3 24. 婴幼儿少尿概念是指一昼夜尿量低于 (1分) A.400ml B.300ml C.200ml D.250ml E.50,100ml 25. 婴幼儿最常见的贫血是 (1分) A.溶血性贫血 B.失血性贫血 C.再生障碍性贫血 D.营养性缺铁性贫血 E.地中海贫血 26. 小儿无尿是指24小时尿量少于 (1分) A.30,50ml B.60,100ml C.101,150ml D.151,200ml E.400ml 27. 未成熟儿易患佝偻病的主要原因是 (1分) A.消化酶分泌不足 B.胃肠道功能不成熟 C.肝、肾功能发育不成熟 D.吸吮力弱，食物耐受力差 E.生长发育快，维生素D需要量大 28. 小儿贫血的判断标准正确的是 (1分) A.新生儿Hb小于145g,L B.1,4个月Hb小于130g,L C.4,6个月Hb小于120g,L D.6个月,6岁Hb小于120g,L E.6,14岁小儿Hb小于130g,L 29. 患儿腰椎穿刺术后，去枕平卧6小时的目的是防止出现 (1分) A.休克 B.脑疝 C.头痛 D.惊厥 E.呕吐 30. 属于脑膜刺激征的是 (1分) A.布鲁金斯基征阳性 B.巴宾斯基征阳性 C.前囟饱满 D.嗜睡、昏迷 E.双侧瞳孔不等大 31. 新生儿生理性流涎常发生于 (1分) A.1,2个月 B.2,3个月 C.4,6个月 D.6,8个月 E.8,10个月 64. 正常小儿，体重8kg，身长68cm，前囟1cm，有乳牙3颗。其可能达到的发育水平是 (1分) A.会爬 B.会走 C.会说再见 D.会说自己的名字 E.会自己进食 66. 新生儿，女，日龄5天，食欲及精神较好，母亲在给其换尿布时发现其会阴部有血性分泌物，你认为是 (1分) 35 A.生理现象 B.肉眼血尿 C.尿道出血 D.回肠出血 E.直肠出血 可以引起新生儿高胆红素血症的药物是 (1分) A.维生素K B.水合氯醛 C.异丙嗪 D.氯霉素 E.吗啡 23. 目前认为先心病的病因主要是 (1分) A.宫内细菌感染 B.宫内病毒感染 C.宫内支原体感染 D.母亲妊娠毒血症 E.胎盘早剥 24. 经消化道传播的传染病是 (1分) A.麻疹 B.百日咳 C.中毒型细菌性痢疾 D.流行性乙型脑炎 E.流行性脑脊髓膜炎 25. 下列哪一项属于出生时不存在以后逐渐出现并永不消失的神经反射 (1分) A.角膜反射 B.腹壁反射 C.颈肢反射 D.咽反射 E.握持反射 26. 新生儿生理性体重下降，平均比出生时下降 (1分) A.30% B.6%,9% C.12% D.15% E.20% 27. 溃疡性口炎的病原是 (1分) A.白色念珠菌 B.柯萨奇病毒 C.链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等 D.轮状病毒 E.单纯疱疹病毒 28. 引起新生儿化脓性脑炎的主要病菌是 (1分) A.肺炎链球菌 B.金黄色葡萄球菌 C.脑膜炎奈瑟菌 D.流感嗜血杆菌 E.李司忒菌 29. 新生儿在生后24小时内出现黄疸应首先考虑 (1分) A.新生儿生理性黄疸 B.新生儿败血症 C.新生儿肝炎 D.新生儿溶血症 E.先天性胆道闭锁 30. 关于生理性黄疸描述错误的是 (1分) A.生后2,3天开始出现黄疸 B.表现为食欲下降，哭声低弱 C.一般7,14天自然消退 D.早产儿可延迟3周消退 E.血清胆红素浓度小于205.2mol/L 36 31. 病毒性心肌炎常见的病原体是 (1分) A.风疹病毒 B.柯萨奇病毒乙组 C.埃可病毒 D.腺病毒 E.流感病毒 一健康小儿，前囟约2×2cm，开始出牙，身长65cm，体重7kg，可辨认熟人和陌生人，可独坐片刻，发出单音节，其年龄大约是 (1分) A.1,2个月 B.3,4个月 C.6个月 D.8,9个月 E.12个月 65. 3天男婴，洗澡时被发现在左乳腺有一鸽蛋大小肿块，下列处理哪项是正确的 (1分) A.无需处理 B.使用抗生素 C.挑割肿块 D.用力挤压 E.手术切除 66. 2岁小儿头围经测量为52cm应考虑下述哪种疾病 (1分) A.营养不良 B.脑积水 C.脑发育不全 D.佝偻病 E.呆小病 年长儿患链球菌性上呼吸道感染后可引起 (1分) A.肾盂肾炎 B.急性肾小球肾炎和风湿热 C.过敏性紫癜 D.类风湿性关节炎 E.单纯性肾病 23. 婴幼儿上呼吸道感染易并发中耳炎的主要原因是 (1分) A.咽鼓管较宽、短、呈水平位 B.咽鼓管较窄、长、呈斜位 C.咽鼓管淋巴组织丰富 D.咽鼓管易充血水肿 E.咽鼓管缺少分泌型IgA 24. 化脓性脑膜炎细菌入侵的部位主要是 (1分) A.呼吸道 B.皮肤 C.新生儿脑部创口 D.黏膜 E.消化道 25. 正常1岁小儿胃容量为 (1分) A.120,150ml B.150,180ml C.180,200mi D.200,250ml E.250,300ml 26. 属于脑膜刺激征的是 (1分) A.布鲁金斯基征阳性 B.巴宾斯基征阳性 C.前囟饱满 D.嗜睡、昏迷 E.双侧瞳孔不等大 27. 引起新生儿颅内出血的主要原因为 (1分) A.血清胆红素浓度增高 B.感染 C.缺氧或产伤 D.寒冷损伤 E.过期产儿 37 28. 关于新生儿硬肿症的叙述，下列哪项是错误的 (1分) A.多发生于夏季 B.临终前常发生DIC C.常并发肺炎、败血症 D.生后一周内的新生儿多见 E.先发生于小腿、大腿外侧 29. 给1,2岁的患儿灌肠液量约为 (1分) A.50ml B.100ml C.150ml D.200ml E.300ml 30. 关于小儿血压及其测量方法，以下提法哪一项是错误的 (1分) A.血压与心搏出量及外周血管阻力有关 B.小儿血压较成人为低 C.测量血压袖带的宽度应为上臂长度的1/3 D.舒张压为收缩压的2/3 E.下肢血压比上肢高 31. 学龄前儿童尿量每日少于多少时称少尿 (1分) A.400ml B.300ml C.200ml D.100ml E.80ml 小儿10个月因畏食来院求医，护士应首先为其检查 (1分) A.身高 B.体重 C.坐高 D.乳牙 E.骨化中心 65. 正常小儿，身长108cm、体重2lkg、身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间，尚未开始出恒牙，其可能的年龄是 (1分) A.5岁 B.6岁 C.7岁 D.8岁 E.9岁 66. 某儿，体重9.2kg，身长75cm，头围46cm，胸围46cm，牙齿8枚，其年龄约为 (1分) A.8个月 B.10个月 C.12个月 D.16个月 E.18个月 未成熟儿肝脏发育不成熟，生理性黄疸 (1分) A.较足月儿重，持续时间长 B.较足月儿轻，持续时间长 C.较足月儿重，持续时间短 D.较足月儿轻，持续时间短 E.与足月儿基本相同 24. 佝偻病最常见的病因是 (1分) A.食物中缺乏钙 B.食物中缺乏磷 C.食物中缺乏维生素D D.食物中缺乏维生素B12 E.食物中缺乏铁 38 25. 关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 26. 影响心脏形成的关键时期是胚胎的 (1分) A.2周前 B.4周前 C.6周前 D.8周前 E.4个月前 27. 新生儿的正常呼吸表现为 (1分) A.浅表、不规则呼吸 B.主要靠膈肌呼吸 C.以腹式呼吸为主 D.可有短暂的呼吸暂停 E.以上都正确 28. 出生时已存在以后永不消失的反射是 (1分) A.觅食反射 B.吸吮反射 C.角膜反射 D.握持反射 E.拥抱反射 29. 以下哪项不是引起婴儿溢乳的原因 (1分) A.胃呈水平位 B.常发生胃肠逆蠕动 C.幽门括约肌发育好 D.胃酸分泌少 E.贲门括约肌较松弛 30. 一个4岁小儿体检心脏大小，哪一个结果是正常的 (1分) A.心尖部在左第4肋间，锁骨中线外2cm B.心尖部在左第4肋间，锁骨中线外1cm C.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线处 D.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线内0.5cm E.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线内1cm 31. 婴儿泌尿道感染最常见的病原菌是 (1分) A.金黄色葡萄球菌 B.溶血性链球菌 C.脑膜炎奈瑟菌 D.大肠埃希菌 E.铜绿假单胞菌 肾病综合征临床表现形成的原因，哪项不妥 (1分) A.肾小球滤过膜通透性增加致大量蛋白尿 B.血浆蛋白从尿中丢失，肾小管对重吸收的白蛋白进行分解，致出现低白蛋白血症 C.肝代偿合成蛋白质时，脂蛋白合成亦随之增加，导致高脂血症 D.低白蛋白血症导致血浆胶体渗透乐减低，水分外渗，加上水钠潴留，致水肿 E.病人摄入过多脂肪，导致高脂血症 39 46. 肾病综合征引起水肿的主要原因是 (1分) A.蛋白质合成障碍 B.肾小球滤过率降低 C.高脂血症 D.循环血容量不足 E.低蛋白血症 关于麻疹病毒，以下叙述哪项不正确 (1分) A.副黏液病毒 B.是一种RNA病毒 C.对消毒剂不敏感 D.加热至56?30分钟可杀灭 E.在阳光下空气流通环境中，3小时失去活力 毛细支气管炎的病原是 (1分) A.腺病毒 B.呼吸道合胞病毒 C.金黄色葡萄球菌 D.支原体 E.衣原体 24. 维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的主要病因是 (1分) A.日照不足 B.摄入不足 C.需要量增加 D.疾病的影响 E.药物的影响 25. 小儿入睡后心率每分钟减少 (1分) A.2,4次 B.4,6次 C.8,10次 D.10,12次 E.12,14次 26. 牛羊乳喂养的婴儿粪便颜色呈 (1分) A.金黄色 B.淡黄色 C.浅绿色 D.黄绿色 E.深黄色 27. 目前认为先心病的病因主要是 (1分) A.宫内细菌感染 B.宫内病毒感染 C.宫内支原体感染 D.母亲妊娠毒血症 E.胎盘早剥 28. 婴儿易发生肠套叠、肠扭转的主要原因是 (1分) A.肠肌层发育差 B.肠壁通透性较高 C.肠系膜柔软而长，活动度大 D.直肠相对较长，黏膜及黏膜下层固定差 E.植物神经调节功能不成熟 29. 关于小儿血压及其测量方法，以下提法哪一项是错误的 (1分) A.血压与心搏出量及外周血管阻力有关 B.小儿血压较成人为低 C.测量血压袖带的宽度应为上臂长度的1/3 D.舒张压为收缩压的2/3 E.下肢血压比上肢高 30. 小儿营养不良最常见的病因是 (1分) 40 A.饮食因素 B.日照不足 C.缺少锻炼 D.急性疾病 E.免疫缺陷 31. 血红蛋白30,60g/L表明 (1分) A.轻度贫血 B.中度贫血 C.重度贫血 D.极度贫血 E.恶性贫血 新生儿，女，日龄5天，食欲及精神较好，母亲在给其换尿布时发现其会阴部有血性分泌物，你认为是 (1分) A.生理现象 B.肉眼血尿 C.尿道出血 D.回肠出血 E.直肠出血 65. 3天男婴，洗澡时被发现在左乳腺有一鸽蛋大小肿块，下列处理哪项是正确的 (1分) A.无需处理 B.使用抗生素 C.挑割肿块 D.用力挤压 E.手术切除 66. 足月新生儿，出生6天。生后第3天出现皮肤黄染，无发热，精神状态好，心肺(-)，脐(-)，血清胆红素154μmol/L。正确的处理为 (1分) A.光照疗法 B.给予苯巴比妥 C.输白蛋白 D.应用抗生素 E.暂不需要治疗 佝偻病常见的病因是 (1分) A.食物中缺乏钙 B.食物中缺乏磷 C.食物中缺乏维生素D D.食物中缺乏维生素B12 E.食物中缺乏铁 关于未成熟儿的特征，以下哪项不正确 (1分) A.体表面积相对大，产热不足，体温常偏低 B.吸吮、吞咽能力差，喂养较困难 C.生理性黄疸程度重，但消退早 D.凝血因子合成不足，易发生出血 E.生长发育速度较足月儿快，营养物质需要相对较多 26. 影响心脏形成的关键时期是胚胎的 (1分) A.2周前 B.4周前 C.6周前 D.8周前 E.4个月前 27. 新生儿的正常呼吸表现为 (1分) A.浅表、不规则呼吸 B.主要靠膈肌呼吸 C.以腹式呼吸为主 D.可有短暂的呼吸暂停 E.以上都正确 28. 出生时已存在以后永不消失的反射是 (1分) 41 A.觅食反射 B.吸吮反射 C.角膜反射 D.握持反射 E.拥抱反射 29. 以下哪项不是引起婴儿溢乳的原因 (1分) A.胃呈水平位 B.常发生胃肠逆蠕动 C.幽门括约肌发育好 D.胃酸分泌少 E.贲门括约肌较松弛 30. 一个4岁小儿体检心脏大小，哪一个结果是正常的 (1分) A.心尖部在左第4肋间，锁骨中线外2cm B.心尖部在左第4肋间，锁骨中线外1cm C.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线处 D.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线内0.5cm E.心尖部在左第5肋间，锁骨中线内1cm 31. 婴儿泌尿道感染最常见的病原菌是 (1分) A.金黄色葡萄球菌 B.溶血性链球菌 C.脑膜炎奈瑟菌 D.大肠埃希菌 E.铜绿假单胞菌 肾病综合征引起水肿的主要原因是 (1分) A.蛋白质合成障碍 B.肾小球滤过率降低 C.高脂血症 D.循环血容量不足 E.低蛋白血症 1分) 小儿中度贫血时，其血红蛋白和红细胞数值是 ( A.血红蛋白90,60g/L，红细胞数2×1012,3×1012/L B.血红蛋白70,50g/L，红细胞数5×1012,4×1012/L C.血红蛋白60,30g/L，红细胞数2×1012,1×1012/L D.血红蛋白40,30g/L，红细胞数3.5×1012,2.5×1012/L E.血红蛋白小于30g/L，红细胞数小于1×1012/L 24. 婴幼儿时期最常见惊厥的原因是 (1分) A.高热惊厥 B.癫痫 C.中毒性脑病 D.脑炎和脑膜炎 E.低血糖和水、电解质紊乱 25. ABO血型不合引起的新生儿溶血症最常见于 (1分) A.母亲为O型，新生儿为A B.母亲为A型，新生儿为B C.母亲为B型，新生儿为A D.母亲为A型，新生儿为O E.母亲为AB型，新生儿为O 26. 小儿肺炎合并心力衰竭是由于 (1分) A.循环充血 B.心肌水肿 C.DIC 42 D.肺动脉高压和中毒性心肌炎 E.代谢性酸中毒和呼吸性酸中毒 27. 引起婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的最主要原因是 (1分) A.体内贮铁不足 B.铁的摄入不足 C.生长发育快，需铁量增加 D.某些疾病的影响 E.铁丢失过多 28. 新生儿化脓性脑膜炎最常见的病原菌是 (1分) A.脑膜炎双球菌 B.肺炎双球菌 C.流感杆菌 D.大肠杆菌 E.乙型溶血性链球菌 29. 关于麻疹病毒，以下叙述哪项不正确 (1分) A.副黏液病毒 B.是一种RNA病毒 C.对消毒剂不敏感 D.加热至56?30分钟可杀灭 E.在阳光下空气流通环境中，3小时失去活力 30. 小儿无尿是指24小时尿量少于 (1分) A.30,50ml B.60,100ml C.101,150ml D.151,200ml E.400ml 31. 新生儿在生后24小时内出现黄疸应首先考虑 (1分) A.新生儿生理性黄疸 B.新生儿败血症 C.新生儿肝炎 D.新生儿溶血症 E.先天性胆道闭锁 某儿，体重9.2kg，身长75cm，头围46cm，胸围46cm，牙齿8枚，其年龄约为 (1分) A.8个月 B.10个月 C.12个月 D.16个月 E.18个月 65. 3岁小儿与父母到儿保门诊咨询，护士的保健指导应强调 (1分) A.鼓励小儿拿杯子喝水 B.室内相对湿度为55%,65% C.保证睡眠8h D.预防溢乳所致窒息 E.训练定时排便 儿科护理相关专业知识毕业考试 1、尿路感染有确诊意义的辅助检查是 (1分) A.尿常规检查 B.尿涂片找细菌 C.尿培养和菌落计数 D.肾盂造影 E.B型超声波检查 2、鹅口疮患儿清洗口腔宜选用的溶液是 (1分) A.0.1,利凡诺 B.3,过氧化氢 43 C.2,碳酸氢钠 D.10,氢氧化钠 E.1?5000高锰酸钾 3、治疗肾病综合征的首选药物是 (1分) A.抗生素 B.利尿剂 C.冻干人血浆 D.免疫调节剂 E.肾上腺糖皮质激素 4、下列对小儿化脓性脑膜炎防治要点的描述错误的是 (1分) A.治疗主要是应用抗生素控制感染 B.若治疗及时，处理得当，则预后较好 C.感染途径多为血液传染 D.加强体格锻炼，提高机体抵抗力 E.神经系统后遗症可有脑积水、耳聋等 5、PPD试验(+++)为 (1分) A.硬结直径20mm以上 B.红斑直径20mm以上 C.硬结直径10,20mm以上 D.红斑直径15mm以上 E.红斑直径20mm以上伴水疱及局部坏死 6、佝偻病后遗症期主要表现为 (1分) A.血磷下降，血钙正常 B.睡眠不安及多汗 C.X线长骨骺端呈毛刷状改变 D.骨骼畸形 E.肌肉韧带松弛 7、 支原体肺炎治疗应选择哪种抗生素 (1分) A.青霉素 B.氨苄青霉素 C.头孢噻肟 D.庆大霉素 E.红霉素 8、化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中白细胞数多为 (1分) A.小于10×106/L B.(10,50)×106/L C.(100,200)×106/L D.(500,600)×106/L E.大于1000×106/L 9、关于结核菌素试验结果的描述下列正确的是 (1分) A.凡是结核菌素试验阴性都可以除外结核 B.卡介苗接种成功，结核菌素反应多呈阳性 C.重症肺结核的结核菌素反应阳性 D.结核菌素试验阳性，肯定有结核病 E.初次感染结核后4周内，结核菌素试验阳性 10、5岁患儿，近1周来发热、寒战、尿频，有腰痛，医嘱留尿培养，下列 44 关于尿培养的描述哪一项不正确 (1分) A.应留取中段尿做培养 B.若培养菌落计数大于105/ml可确诊 C.留取尿标本时先用肥皂将外阴清洗干净 D.用0.05%的苯扎溴胺冲洗2次再取尿 E.若30分钟未留到尿液，需再次消毒 11、 患儿，3岁，低热、咳嗽2个月，X线胸片呈典型"哑铃"双极影，诊断原发型肺结核综合征。应用抗结核药物治疗，其疗程为 (1分) A.1,2个月 B.3,4个月 C.5,6个月 D.7,8个月 E.9,12个月 12、 一足月儿，产钳术娩出，有窒息史。生后第2天出现嗜睡、拒乳，阵发性青紫及呼吸暂停，前囟门饱满，拟诊为新生儿颅内出血。你认为护理评估应特别注意 (1分) A.X线检查 B.血常规 C.大小便常规 D.头颅CT检查 E.血生化 患儿，8个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查:Hb:90g/L，RBC: 3分) 2×1012/L，血清维生素B12降低。 ( 13、你考虑该患儿可能发生的疾病是 (1分) A.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血 B.营养性缺铁性贫血 C.营养性混合性贫血 D.溶血性贫血 E.感染性贫血 14、 该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予 (1分) A.输血 B.铁剂+维生素C C.维生素B12+叶酸 D.强的松 E.补钙剂 15、预防该疾病应强调 (1分) A.预防感染 B.多晒太阳 C.按时添加辅食 D.培养良好饮食习惯 E.加强体格锻炼 A.10,氯化钠溶液 B.10,葡萄糖溶液 C.1?1溶液 D.2?1溶液 E.1?4溶液 (2分) 45 16、等张电解质溶液是___ (1分) 17、非电解质溶液是___ (1分) 关于母乳喂养下列哪项错误 (1分) A.实行母婴同室 B.母乳中含有多种抗体 C.给婴儿吸橡皮奶头做安慰物 D.帮助母亲在产后半小时开奶 E.鼓励按需哺乳 临床最常见的等渗性脱水的原因是 (1分) A.水分摄入不足 B.水分丢失过多 C.补充等渗溶液过多 D.消化液长期慢性丢失 E.消化液的急性丧失 先天性心脏病X线摄片时呈靴形心可见于 (1分) A.房间隔缺损 B.室间隔缺损 C.动脉导管未闭 D.主动脉缩窄 E.法洛四联症 35. 佝偻病后遗症期主要表现为 (1分) A.血磷下降，血钙正常 B.睡眠不安及多汗 C.X线长骨骺端呈毛刷状改变 D.骨骼畸形 E.肌肉韧带松弛 36. 能显示心脏内部结构精确图像的辅助检查为 (1分) A.X线检查 B.心电图 C.心导管检查 D.超声心动图 E.心血管造影 37. 预防新生儿颅内出血的关健措施为 (1分) A.生后及时吸氧 B.及时注射维生素K C.生后积极建立呼吸 D.加强孕产期保健 E.保持安静少搬动 治疗缺铁性贫血宜选用 (1分) A.二价铁盐口服 B.三价铁盐口服 C.输血 D.铁剂强化食品 E.注射铁剂 39. 哪项不是流行性腮腺炎的并发症 (1分) A.脑膜脑炎 B.急性胰腺炎 C.急性咽喉炎 D.急性睾丸炎 E.急性卵巢炎 40. 鹅口疮患儿清洗口腔宜选用的溶液是 (1分) A.0.1,利凡诺 B.3,过氧化氢 C.2,碳酸氢钠 D.10,氢氧化钠 E.1?5000高锰酸钾 41. 急性肾炎血液生化改变意义较大的是 (1分) A.抗"O"升高 B.血浆蛋白明显下降 46 C.血清补体下降 D.胆固醇升高 E.血沉增快 42. 缺铁性贫血的治疗原则是 (1分) A.去除病因及添加辅食 B.去除病因及输血 C.去除病因及及补充铁剂 D.母乳喂养及补充铁剂 E.输血及补充铁剂 10个月患儿，面黄来诊。诊断为营养性巨幼细胞性贫血，下列处理正确的是 (1分) A.口服铁剂 B.口服胃蛋白酶 C.口服维生素C D.肌注维生素B12 E.预防发生心功能不全 患儿，4岁，曾患佝偻病。查体见:鸡胸、严重X型腿，该患儿的治疗原则是 (1分) A.多晒太阳 B.多作户外活动 C.给予预防量维生素D D.给予治疗量维生素D E.可考虑矫形手术治疗 71. 患儿女，7岁。高热3天，腮腺肿大2天。经查诊断为流行性腮腺炎。 1分) 其血清特异性抗体增高的是 ( A.IgA B.IgD C.IgE D.IgG E.IgM 72. 某肺炎球菌肺炎病人病程延长，在抗生素治疗下体温退后复升，白细胞持续上升，应考虑 (1分) A.抗生素剂量不足 B.细菌产生耐药性 C.并发症存在 D.机体抵抗力低下 E.休克先兆 患儿，5个月，睡眠不安，夜啼，多汗，有枕秃，查血钙正常，血磷稍低。 (2分) 84. 该患儿正确的诊断为 (1分) A.佝偻病初期 B.佝偻病激期 C.佝偻病恢复期 D.佝偻病后遗期 E.营养不良 85. 该患儿合理的措施为 (1分) A.给予预防量维生素D400IU/d B.给予预防量维生素D800IU/d C.给予治疗量维生素D2000IU/d口服1个月 D.增加蛋白质摄入量 E.增加钙片摄入量 47 A.祛除病因，补充铁剂 B.祛除病因，补充叶酸和B12 C.合理饮食 D.适当休息和活动 E.预防感染 (1分) 89. 缺铁性贫血的主要治疗措施是___ (1分) A.精神困扰 B.自理能力缺陷 C.有孤独的危险 D.体温过高 E.清理呼吸道无效 (1分) 90. 肺炎球菌肺炎最常见的护理诊断是___ (1分) A.血钠125mmol/L B.血钾2.8mmol/L C.血钠140mmol/L D.血钾4.8mmol/L E.血钠155mmol/L (3分) 95. 低血钾___ (1分) 96. 低渗脱水___ (1分) 97. 高渗脱水___ (1分) 患儿因腹泻就诊，体检发现肛周皮肤潮红、皮疹，除保持臀部清洁外，局部 可涂 (1分) A.植物油 B.鱼肝油 C.氧化锌软膏 D.克霉唑 E.呋锌油 56. 口服铁剂的最佳时间是 (1分) A.餐前 B.餐时 C.餐后 D.两餐之间 E.随意 57. 患儿准备入光疗箱时，以下哪项做法是错误的 (1分) A.患儿全身裸露 B.剪短指甲防止抓破皮肤 C.可在皮肤上涂油膏以保持皮肤 D.患儿入光疗箱前需进行皮肤清洁 E.佩带眼罩、尿布以保护敏感器官 58. 小儿中度脱水，丢失水分约为体重的 (1分) A.小于5% B.5%,6% C.5%,10% D.7%,10% E.10%,12% 48 59. 下列哪项不是代谢性酸中毒的表现 (1分) A.呼吸深快 B.精神萎靡，烦躁不安 C.口唇樱桃红色 D.腹胀，心音有力 E.新生儿和小婴儿呼吸改变不典型 60. 金葡菌肺炎患儿突然出现呼吸急促，首先应考虑 (1分) A.高热 B.酸中毒 C.肺炎加重 D.脓气胸 E.心衰 61. 新生儿破伤风最早出现的症状是 (1分) A.惊厥 B.角弓反张 C.苦笑面容 D.牙关紧闭、张口困难 E.发热 62. 婴儿手足搐搦症发生惊厥时的紧急处理是 (1分) A.输氧加人工呼吸 B.静注钙剂 C.静注地西泮或苯巴比妥钠 D.肌注维生素D3 E.静滴葡萄糖+呼吸兴奋剂 63. 重型腹泻可导致下列改变，哪项除外 (1分) A.代谢性碱中毒 B.低钠血症 C.低钾血症 D.低钙血症 E.低镁血症 64. 急性肾炎的临床表现正确的描述是 (1分) A.多发于1,3岁的小儿 B.发病前3天常有感染史 C.常出现少尿、血尿及高血压 D.发病4周后尿量增多 E.血清补体C，增高 患儿，3岁，因"肾病综合征"入院，现阴囊皮肤高度水肿。首要的护理措施是 (1分) A.绝对卧床休息 B.严格控制水的入量 C.给予高蛋白饮食 D.保持床单位清洁干燥 E.用丁字带托起阴囊，并保持干爽 74. 4个月小儿，生后牛乳喂养。因惊厥经检查确诊为维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症。入院后又出现全身性抽搐，其紧急处理措施哪项不妥 (1分) A.立即让患儿平卧，尽量避免刺激 B.注意保持呼吸道通畅 C.10%葡萄糖酸钙5,10ml稀释后缓慢静脉注射 D.苯巴比妥钠肌肉注射 49 E.立即用维生素D240万单位肌肉注射 75. 患儿，4岁，因急性肾炎入院。今晨突然出现呼吸困难，不能平卧，咳嗽，咳泡沫痰，尿量减少，此患儿是严重病例的 (1分) A.肺炎 B.胸腔积液 C.高血压脑病 D.严重循环充血 E.急性肾功能衰竭 10岁男孩，急性肾炎，浮肿重，尿少，呼吸促，烦躁不安，不能平卧;肺底可闻及细湿啰音，心率140次/分，肝肋下2.5cm，X线胸片示肺纹理重。 (3分) 87. 该患儿可能是 (1分) A.并发肺炎 B.并发高血压脑病 C.并发严重循环充血 D.并发急性肾衰 E.并发支气管肺炎 88. 应采取的重点措施是 (1分) A.肌注青霉素 B.用降压药 C.用地高辛 D.肌注速尿 E.用激素 89. 对于该患儿的护理，下列哪项不正确 (1分) 2周 A.严格卧床1, B.限制钠盐和水的摄入 C.每日热敷，肾区1次 D.定期测量体重 E.给予高糖、高维生素、低蛋白的饮食 化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中白细胞数多为 (1分) A.小于10×106/L B.(10,50)×106/L C.(100,200)×106/L D.(500,600)×106/L E.大于1000×106/L 下列哪项不属于小儿结核病活动性参考指标 (1分) A.血沉快 B.发热 C.PPD强阳性 D.痰中找到结核菌 E.胸片显示钙化灶 35. 结核菌素试验结果的判断时间应在注射后 (1分) A.30分钟 B.1小时 C.12小时 D.24小时 E.72小时 口服补液盐(ORS)液的张力为 (1分) A.1/张 B.1/4张 C.1/3张 D.1/2张 E.2/3张 50 支原体肺炎治疗应选择哪种抗生素 (1分) A.青霉素 B.氨苄青霉素 C.头孢噻肟 D.庆大霉素 E.红霉素 新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温原则是 (1分) A.逐步升温，循序渐进 B.供给足够水量，缓慢升温 C.立即升温，使体温迅速达到正常 D.即刻放入暖箱，每30分钟提高箱温1度 E.每小时提高箱温1度，8小时体温达正常 一个2岁的小儿未接种卡介苗，结核菌素试验阳性表示 (1分) A.体内有活动性结核病灶 B.曾感染过结核 C.近3周内感染结核 D.对结核有抵抗力 E.不会再感染结核 患儿，日龄4天，诊断为新生儿寒冷损伤综合征，下列处理措施哪项不妥 (1分) A.供给足够热量 B.尽量减少肌内注射 C.应快速复温 D.积极治疗原发病及并发症 E.注意有无出血倾向 71. 患儿，1岁，患化脓性脑膜炎，脑脊液细菌培养为肺炎链球菌，首选治疗药物为 (1分) A.红霉素 B.氯霉素 C.青霉素 D.庆大霉素 E.克林霉素 某女性患者因腹痛、腹泻2天入院，查体见患者神情淡漠、皮肤弹性减退、眼球凹陷、血压偏低、尿量减少、尿比重低。其脱水性质考虑为 (1分) A.高渗性脱水 B.等渗性脱水 C.低渗性脱水 D.水中毒 E.急性脱水 患儿，8个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查:Hb:90g/L，RBC:2×1012/L，血清维生素B12降低。 (3分) 84. 你考虑该患儿可能发生的疾病是 (1分) A.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血 B.营养性缺铁性贫血 C.营养性混合性贫血 D.溶血性贫血 E.感染性贫血 85. 该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予 (1分) A.输血 B.铁剂+维生素C C.维生素B12+叶酸 D.强的松 51 E.补钙剂 86. 预防该疾病应强调 (1分) A.预防感染 B.多晒太阳 C.按时添加辅食 D.培养良好饮食习惯 E.加强体格锻炼 与牛乳相比，下列哪项不是母乳的优点 (1分) A.母乳含SIgA B.母乳含白蛋白较多 C.母乳含乳糖较多 D.母乳含钙较多 E.母乳含必需的不饱和脂肪酸较多 与牛乳相比，下列哪项不是母乳的优点 (1分) A.母乳含SIgA B.母乳含白蛋白较多 C.母乳含乳糖较多 D.母乳含钙较多 E.母乳含必需的不饱和脂肪酸较多 1分) 哮喘性支气管炎的临床特点不正确的是 ( A.多在3岁以下 B.吸气性呼吸困难 C.有湿疹史或其它过敏史 D.两肺布满哮鸣音 E.反复发作 59. 咽结合膜热的主要临床特点是 (1分) A.发热 B.咽炎、结合膜炎 C.咽部有疱疹 D.乏力 E.食欲差 一腹泻患儿，7个月，入院时精神差，营养不良，臀部皮肤潮红，有大片糜烂或表皮脱落，并有较多脓苔，黄色，腥臭。此患儿的护理哪项不妥 (1分) A.勤洗臀部，不兜尿布 B.洗净臀部后涂滑石粉 C.可用红外线照射 D.温度许可时将臀部暴露于阳光下 E.局部可涂0.5%新霉素氧化锌糊剂 74. 8岁患儿，因面部水肿、头痛、头晕就诊，尿液检查:蛋白++，红细胞20个/HP，诊断为急性肾小球肾炎。对其处理应是 (1分) A.给镇痛药 B.适当下床活动，防止血栓形成 C.给大剂量青霉素 52 D.低盐、高糖、高蛋白饮食 E.无盐、高糖、低蛋白饮食 75. 患儿，2岁，化脓性脑膜炎，入院后出现意识不清，呼吸不规则，两侧瞳孔不等大，对光反射迟钝。该患儿可能出现的并发症是 (1分) A.脑疝 B.脑脓肿 C.脑积水 D.脑室管膜炎 E.颅神经损伤 患儿，8个月支气管肺炎，晚上突然烦躁不安，喘憋加重。呼吸65次/min，心率182次/min，心音低钝，两肺细湿啰音增多，肝脏比前增大5cm。 (3分) 87. 患儿可能发生了 (1分) A.急性心力衰竭 B.脓胸 C.脓气胸 D.肺大泡 E.肺不张 88. 根据以上病情变化，首选的护理措施是 (1分) A.保证热量 B.半坐卧位 C.控制感染 D.供给足够的水量 E.供给足够的蛋白质 89. 出院时健康指导错误的是 (1分) A.多晒太阳 B.体格锻炼 C.勤到公共场所 D.定期健康检查 E.按时预防接种 高渗性脱水的主要表现 (1分) A.血压下降 B.尿少 C.头晕 D.口渴 E.呕吐 佝偻病活动期(激期)的主要表现是 (1分) A.突然发生惊厥 B.易激惹、夜惊 C.骨骼系统改变 D.烦躁不安、多汗 E.各方面发育迟缓 34. 新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温的原则是 (1分) A.逐步升温，循序渐进 B.供给足够液量，帮助复温 C.立即升温，使体温迅速达正常 D.立即放入34?暖箱，逐步升温 E.保证体温每小时升高1? 35. 营养不良的并发症不包括 (1分) A.营养性缺铁性贫血 B.感染性疾病 C.维生素缺乏症 D.脑发育不全 E.自发性低血糖 53 36. 哪项不是流行性腮腺炎的并发症 (1分) A.脑膜脑炎 B.急性胰腺炎 C.急性咽喉炎 D.急性睾丸炎 E.急性卵巢炎 37. 对诊断缺铁性贫血无意义的是 (1分) A.喂养史和临床表现 B.血常规和骨髓检查 C.铁代谢的生化检查 D.红细胞寿命测定 E.用铁剂试验性治疗 . 38. 小儿患结核性脑膜炎时，脑脊液可见 (1分) A.蛋白质含量降低 B.蛋白质含量正常 C.糖和氯化物含量降低 D.糖和氯化物含量增高 E.糖和氯化物含量正常 39. 对粟粒型肺结核诊断起决定性作用的是 (1分) A.红细胞沉降率 B.红细胞计数 C.结核菌素试验 D.B超检查 E.胸部X线检查 用维生素D预防小儿佝偻病，通常开始于生后 (1分) A.1,2周 B.2,3周 C.4,5周 D.6,7周 E.8,9周 42. 指出下列非电解质溶液 (1分) A.1.4%碳酸氢钠 B.0.9%氯化钠 C.2:1等渗液 D.3:2:1液 E.10%葡萄糖液 有关心尖搏动的说法，错误的是 (1分) A.正常位于左侧第五肋间隙 B.锁骨中线内侧0.5,1.Ocm处 C.搏动的直径约2.0,2.5cm D.右心室增大时，心尖搏动向右移位 E.左心室增大时，心尖搏动向左下移位 治疗肺炎球菌性肺炎，停用抗生素的指标一般是 (1分) A.体温降至正常后3天 B.体温降至正常后1周 C.体温降至正常后2周 D.症状、体征完全消失 E.X线示炎症阴影完全消失 苗苗，出生2周，出生时体重3000g，Apgar评分9分，喂养质量理想的食品是 (1分) A.纯鲜牛奶 B.加钙牛奶 C.特浓牛奶 D.母乳 E.母乳+牛奶 69. 10个月患儿，面黄来诊。诊断为营养性巨幼细胞性贫血，下列处理正确 54 的是 (1分) A.口服铁剂 B.口服胃蛋白酶 C.口服维生素C D.肌注维生素B12 E.预防发生心功能不全 ,3肋70. 患儿4岁，自2岁起青紫，逐渐加重，哭后明显。胸骨左缘第2间?级收缩期喷射性杂音，传导广泛，心脏X线片可见肺门舞蹈征，印象是 (1分) A.肺动脉瓣狭窄 B.房间隔缺损 C.室间隔缺损 D.动脉导管未闭 E.法洛四联症 患儿，3岁，低热、咳嗽2个月，X线胸片呈典型"哑铃"双极影，诊断原发型肺结核综合征。应用抗结核药物治疗，其疗程为 (1分) A.1,2个月 B.3,4个月 C.5,6个月 D.7,8个月 E.9,12个月 患儿女，1岁。多汗，睡眠不安，方颅及肋骨串珠，X线检查骨骺端临时钙化带消失，呈毛刷样、杯口状改变，骨骺软骨带明显增宽，骨密度减低。 (3分) 85. 此患儿最可能的临床诊断是 (1分) A.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期 B.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期 C.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症 D.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期 E.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病后遗症期 86. 此病的后遗症是 (1分) A.枕秃 B.蛙状腹 C.骨骼畸形 D.语言落后 E.肌肉韧带松弛 87. 后遗症常常发生的年龄在 (1分) A.6个月以下 B.1岁以下 C.1岁半以下 D.2岁以下 E.3岁以上 A.维生素D400IU/日，口服 B.维生素D10000IU/日，口服 C.维生素D2每次80万IU，肌内注射，每周1次，共3次 D.维生素D3每次30万IU，肌内注射，每隔2周1次，共3次 E.维生素D10万IU/日，口服 (3分) 91. 治疗重度维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期用_d__ (1分) 55 92. 治疗维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期时用__a_ (1分) 93. 预防维生素D缺乏性佝偻病时用___a (1分) . 患者口腔存在真菌感染时，可选用的漱口液是 (1分) A.0.02%呋喃西林溶液 B.l%,4%碳酸氢钠溶液 C.生理盐水 D.朵贝尔液 E.0.1%醋酸溶液 关于母乳喂养下列哪项不对 (1分) A.产后7日内分泌的乳汁为初乳 B.产后14日以后分泌的乳汁为成熟乳 C.早吸吮即产后2小时内开始哺乳 D.喂完奶后将婴儿竖抱，以防吐奶 E.哺乳可采用坐位或卧位姿势 低钾血症是指血清中钾离子浓度低于 (1分) A.3.5mmol/L B.4.5mmol/L C.5.0mmol/L D.5.5mml/L E.7.0mmol/L :3:2溶液的张力为 (1分) 常用4 A.1/2张 B.1/3张 C.1/4张 D.2/3张 E.等张 新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温原则是 (1分) A.逐步升温，循序渐进 B.供给足够水量，缓慢升温 C.立即升温，使体温迅速达到正常 D.即刻放入暖箱，每30分钟提高箱温1度 E.每小时提高箱温1度，8小时体温达正常 36. 维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期明显升高的血清酶是 (1分) A.单氨氧化酶 B.碱性磷酸酶 C.乳酸脱氢酶 D.谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶 E.谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶 37. 哪项不是佝偻病头部的骨骼改变 (1分) A.颅骨软化 B.乳牙萌出推迟 C.前囟迟闭 D.小头畸形 E.方颅 38. 营养不良的并发症不包括 (1分) A.营养性缺铁性贫血 B.感染性疾病 C.维生素缺乏症 D.脑发育不全 E.自发性低血糖 56 39. 为婴儿行心、肺复苏术，建立人工呼吸时，术者吹气频率为 (1分) A.10,15次/分 B.15,20次/分 C.20,25次/分 D.30,40次/分 E.45,55次/分 40. 2:1等张含钠液是指 (1分) A.2份生理盐水，1份1.4%碳酸氢钠 B.2份生理盐水，1份%碳酸氢钠 C.2份11.2%乳酸钠，1份生理盐水 D.2份%碳酸氢钠，1份生理盐水 E.2份生理盐水，1份10%葡萄糖 41. 下列哪项不属于小儿结核病活动性参考指标 (1分) A.血沉快 B.发热 C.PPD强阳性 D.痰中找到结核菌 E.胸片显示钙化灶 42. 预防缺铁性贫血的关键是 (1分) A.母乳喂养 B.人工喂养 C.经常口服铁制剂 D.及时添加蔬菜、果汁 E.及时添加鸡蛋黄、肉类 一个2岁的小儿未接种卡介苗，结核菌素试验阳性表示 (1分) A.体内有活动性结核病灶 B.曾感染过结核 C.近3周内感染结核 D.对结核有抵抗力 E.不会再感染结核 70. 11个月小儿，母乳喂养，未加辅食，近一个月出现反应迟钝，嗜睡，间断出现手足、头震颤，面色苍黄，应采取以下哪项措施 (1分) A.口服铁剂 B.使用维生素B12、叶酸 C.输血 D.吸氧 E.给予兴奋剂 71. 月龄为4个月的佝偻病患儿可有下列哪项表现 (1分) A.鸡胸 B.方颅 C.肋串珠 D.颅骨软化 E.脊柱侧弯 患儿女，1岁。多汗，睡眠不安，方颅及肋骨串珠，X线检查骨骺端临时钙化带消失，呈毛刷样、杯口状改变，骨骺软骨带明显增宽，骨密度减低。 (3分) 85. 此患儿最可能的临床诊断是 (1分) A.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期 B.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期 57 C.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症 D.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期 E.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病后遗症期 86. 此病的后遗症是 (1分) A.枕秃 B.蛙状腹 C.骨骼畸形 D.语言落后 E.肌肉韧带松弛 . 87. 后遗症常常发生的年龄在 (1分) A.6个月以下 B.1岁以下 C.1岁半以下 D.2岁以下 E.3岁以上 一迁延不愈的营养不良患儿，凌晨护士巡视时发现面色苍白、四肢厥冷、神志不清、脉搏减慢、呼吸暂停。应先想到 (1分) A.呼吸衰竭 B.心力衰竭 C.感染性休克 D.低血糖症 E.低血钙症 5岁患儿，近1周来发热、寒战、尿频，有腰痛，医嘱留尿培养，下列关于尿培养的描述哪一项不正确 (1分) A.应留取中段尿做培养 B.若培养菌落计数大于105/ml可确诊 C.留取尿标本时先用肥皂将外阴清洗干净 D.用0.05%的苯扎溴胺冲洗2次再取尿 E.若30分钟未留到尿液，需再次消毒 A.肌内注射镇静剂后，静脉注射钙剂 B.静脉注射钙剂 C.吸氧及静注钙剂 D.肌内注射镇静剂 E.静注3%氯化钠 97. 3岁小儿，再发性手足痉挛呈弓状，双手呈腕部屈曲。手指直伸，拇指内收掌心，强直痉挛，足部踝关节伸直，足部同时向下弯曲_b__ (1分) . 98. 1月龄女婴，1天来反复发作四肢抽动，两眼正常，面肌颤动，神志不清，抽停后意识恢复，活泼如常，不发热，来院急诊时又抽搐不止__a (1分 儿科护理相关专业知识毕业考试 1、尿路感染有确诊意义的辅助检查是 (1分) A.尿常规检查 B.尿涂片找细菌 58 C.尿培养和菌落计数 D.肾盂造影 E.B型超声波检查 2、鹅口疮患儿清洗口腔宜选用的溶液是 (1分) A.0.1,利凡诺 B.3,过氧化氢 C.2,碳酸氢钠 D.10,氢氧化钠 E.1?5000高锰酸钾 3、治疗肾病综合征的首选药物是 (1分) A.抗生素 B.利尿剂 C.冻干人血浆 D.免疫调节剂 E.肾上腺糖皮质激素 4、下列对小儿化脓性脑膜炎防治要点的描述错误的是 (1分) A.治疗主要是应用抗生素控制感染 B.若治疗及时，处理得当，则预后较好 C.感染途径多为血液传染 D.加强体格锻炼，提高机体抵抗力 E.神经系统后遗症可有脑积水、耳聋等 5、PPD试验(+++)为 (1分) A.硬结直径20mm以上 B.红斑直径20mm以上 C.硬结直径10,20mm以上 D.红斑直径15mm以上 E.红斑直径20mm以上伴水疱及局部坏死 6、佝偻病后遗症期主要表现为 (1分) A.血磷下降，血钙正常 B.睡眠不安及多汗 C.X线长骨骺端呈毛刷状改变 D.骨骼畸形 E.肌肉韧带松弛 7、 支原体肺炎治疗应选择哪种抗生素 (1分) A.青霉素 B.氨苄青霉素 C.头孢噻肟 D.庆大霉素 E.红霉素 8、化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中白细胞数多为 (1分) A.小于10×106/L B.(10,50)×106/L C.(100,200)×106/L D.(500,600)×106/L E.大于1000×106/L 9、关于结核菌素试验结果的描述下列正确的是 (1分) A.凡是结核菌素试验阴性都可以除外结核 B.卡介苗接种成功，结核菌素反应多呈阳性 59 C.重症肺结核的结核菌素反应阳性 D.结核菌素试验阳性，肯定有结核病 E.初次感染结核后4周内，结核菌素试验阳性 10、5岁患儿，近1周来发热、寒战、尿频，有腰痛，医嘱留尿培养，下列关于尿培养的描述哪一项不正确 (1分) A.应留取中段尿做培养 B.若培养菌落计数大于105/ml可确诊 C.留取尿标本时先用肥皂将外阴清洗干净 D.用0.05%的苯扎溴胺冲洗2次再取尿 E.若30分钟未留到尿液，需再次消毒 11、 患儿，3岁，低热、咳嗽2个月，X线胸片呈典型"哑铃"双极影，诊断原发型肺结核综合征。应用抗结核药物治疗，其疗程为 (1分) A.1,2个月 B.3,4个月 C.5,6个月 D.7,8个月 E.9,12个月 12、 一足月儿，产钳术娩出，有窒息史。生后第2天出现嗜睡、拒乳，阵发性青紫及呼吸暂停，前囟门饱满，拟诊为新生儿颅内出血。你认为护理评估应特别注意 (1分) A.X线检查 B.血常规 C.大小便常规 D.头颅CT检查 E.血生化 患儿，8个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查:Hb:90g/L，RBC:2×1012/L，血清维生素B12降低。 (3分) 13、你考虑该患儿可能发生的疾病是 (1分) A.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血 B.营养性缺铁性贫血 C.营养性混合性贫血 D.溶血性贫血 E.感染性贫血 14、 该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予 (1分) A.输血 B.铁剂+维生素C C.维生素B12+叶酸 D.强的松 E.补钙剂 15、预防该疾病应强调 (1分) A.预防感染 B.多晒太阳 C.按时添加辅食 D.培养良好饮食习惯 E.加强体格锻炼 . A.10,氯化钠溶液 60 B.10,葡萄糖溶液 C.1?1溶液 D.2?1溶液 E.1?4溶液 (2分) 16、等张电解质溶液是___ (1分) 17、非电解质溶液是___ (1分) 关于母乳喂养下列哪项错误 (1分) A.实行母婴同室 B.母乳中含有多种抗体 C.给婴儿吸橡皮奶头做安慰物 D.帮助母亲在产后半小时开奶 E.鼓励按需哺乳 临床最常见的等渗性脱水的原因是 (1分) A.水分摄入不足 B.水分丢失过多 C.补充等渗溶液过多 D.消化液长期慢性丢失 E.消化液的急性丧失 先天性心脏病X线摄片时呈靴形心可见于 (1分) A.房间隔缺损 B.室间隔缺损 C.动脉导管未闭 D.主动脉缩窄 E.法洛四联症 35. 佝偻病后遗症期主要表现为 (1分) A.血磷下降，血钙正常 B.睡眠不安及多汗 C.X线长骨骺端呈毛刷状改变 D.骨骼畸形 E.肌肉韧带松弛 36. 能显示心脏内部结构精确图像的辅助检查为 (1分) A.X线检查 B.心电图 C.心导管检查 D.超声心动图 E.心血管造影 37. 预防新生儿颅内出血的关健措施为 (1分) A.生后及时吸氧 B.及时注射维生素K C.生后积极建立呼吸 D.加强孕产期保健 E.保持安静少搬动 治疗缺铁性贫血宜选用 (1分) A.二价铁盐口服 B.三价铁盐口服 C.输血 D.铁剂强化食品 E.注射铁剂 39. 哪项不是流行性腮腺炎的并发症 (1分) A.脑膜脑炎 B.急性胰腺炎 C.急性咽喉炎 D.急性睾丸炎 E.急性卵巢炎 40. 鹅口疮患儿清洗口腔宜选用的溶液是 (1分) A.0.1,利凡诺 B.3,过氧化氢 61 C.2,碳酸氢钠 D.10,氢氧化钠 E.1?5000高锰酸钾 41. 急性肾炎血液生化改变意义较大的是 (1分) A.抗"O"升高 B.血浆蛋白明显下降 C.血清补体下降 D.胆固醇升高 E.血沉增快 42. 缺铁性贫血的治疗原则是 (1分) A.去除病因及添加辅食 B.去除病因及输血 C.去除病因及及补充铁剂 D.母乳喂养及补充铁剂 E.输血及补充铁剂 10个月患儿，面黄来诊。诊断为营养性巨幼细胞性贫血，下列处理正确的是 (1分) A.口服铁剂 B.口服胃蛋白酶 C.口服维生素C D.肌注维生素B12 E.预防发生心功能不全 患儿，4岁，曾患佝偻病。查体见:鸡胸、严重X型腿，该患儿的治疗原则是 (1分) A.多晒太阳 B.多作户外活动 C.给予预防量维生素D D.给予治疗量维生素D E.可考虑矫形手术治疗 71. 患儿女，7岁。高热3天，腮腺肿大2天。经查诊断为流行性腮腺炎。其血清特异性抗体增高的是 (1分) A.IgA B.IgD C.IgE D.IgG E.IgM 72. 某肺炎球菌肺炎病人病程延长，在抗生素治疗下体温退后复升，白细胞持续上升，应考虑 (1分) A.抗生素剂量不足 B.细菌产生耐药性 C.并发症存在 D.机体抵抗力低下 E.休克先兆 患儿，5个月，睡眠不安，夜啼，多汗，有枕秃，查血钙正常，血磷稍低。 (2分) 84. 该患儿正确的诊断为 (1分) A.佝偻病初期 B.佝偻病激期 C.佝偻病恢复期 D.佝偻病后遗期 E.营养不良 85. 该患儿合理的措施为 (1分) A.给予预防量维生素D400IU/d B.给予预防量维生素D800IU/d 62 C.给予治疗量维生素D2000IU/d口服1个月 D.增加蛋白质摄入量 E.增加钙片摄入量 A.祛除病因，补充铁剂 B.祛除病因，补充叶酸和B12 C.合理饮食 D.适当休息和活动 E.预防感染 (1分) 89. 缺铁性贫血的主要治疗措施是___ (1分) A.精神困扰 B.自理能力缺陷 C.有孤独的危险 D.体温过高 E.清理呼吸道无效 (1分) 90. 肺炎球菌肺炎最常见的护理诊断是___ (1分) A.血钠125mmol/L B.血钾2.8mmol/L C.血钠140mmol/L D.血钾4.8mmol/L E.血钠155mmol/L (3分) 95. 低血钾___ (1分) 96. 低渗脱水___ (1分) 97. 高渗脱水___ (1分) 患儿因腹泻就诊，体检发现肛周皮肤潮红、皮疹，除保持臀部清洁外，局部 可涂 (1分) A.植物油 B.鱼肝油 C.氧化锌软膏 D.克霉唑 E.呋锌油 56. 口服铁剂的最佳时间是 (1分) A.餐前 B.餐时 C.餐后 D.两餐之间 E.随意 57. 患儿准备入光疗箱时，以下哪项做法是错误的 (1分) A.患儿全身裸露 B.剪短指甲防止抓破皮肤 63 C.可在皮肤上涂油膏以保持皮肤 D.患儿入光疗箱前需进行皮肤清洁 E.佩带眼罩、尿布以保护敏感器官 58. 小儿中度脱水，丢失水分约为体重的 (1分) A.小于5% B.5%,6% C.5%,10% D.7%,10% E.10%,12% 59. 下列哪项不是代谢性酸中毒的表现 (1分) A.呼吸深快 B.精神萎靡，烦躁不安 C.口唇樱桃红色 D.腹胀，心音有力 E.新生儿和小婴儿呼吸改变不典型 60. 金葡菌肺炎患儿突然出现呼吸急促，首先应考虑 (1分) A.高热 B.酸中毒 C.肺炎加重 D.脓气胸 E.心衰 61. 新生儿破伤风最早出现的症状是 (1分) A.惊厥 B.角弓反张 C.苦笑面容 D.牙关紧闭、张口困难 E.发热 62. 婴儿手足搐搦症发生惊厥时的紧急处理是 (1分) A.输氧加人工呼吸 B.静注钙剂 C.静注地西泮或苯巴比妥钠 D.肌注维生素D3 E.静滴葡萄糖+呼吸兴奋剂 63. 重型腹泻可导致下列改变，哪项除外 (1分) A.代谢性碱中毒 B.低钠血症 C.低钾血症 D.低钙血症 E.低镁血症 64. 急性肾炎的临床表现正确的描述是 (1分) A.多发于1,3岁的小儿 B.发病前3天常有感染史 C.常出现少尿、血尿及高血压 D.发病4周后尿量增多 E.血清补体C，增高 患儿，3岁，因"肾病综合征"入院，现阴囊皮肤高度水肿。首要的护理措施是 (1分) A.绝对卧床休息 B.严格控制水的入量 C.给予高蛋白饮食 D.保持床单位清洁干燥 E.用丁字带托起阴囊，并保持干爽 64 74. 4个月小儿，生后牛乳喂养。因惊厥经检查确诊为维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症。入院后又出现全身性抽搐，其紧急处理措施哪项不妥 (1分) A.立即让患儿平卧，尽量避免刺激 B.注意保持呼吸道通畅 C.10%葡萄糖酸钙5,10ml稀释后缓慢静脉注射 D.苯巴比妥钠肌肉注射 E.立即用维生素D240万单位肌肉注射 . 75. 患儿，4岁，因急性肾炎入院。今晨突然出现呼吸困难，不能平卧，咳嗽，咳泡沫痰，尿量减少，此患儿是严重病例的 (1分) A.肺炎 B.胸腔积液 C.高血压脑病 D.严重循环充血 E.急性肾功能衰竭 10岁男孩，急性肾炎，浮肿重，尿少，呼吸促，烦躁不安，不能平卧;肺底可闻及细湿啰音，心率140次/分，肝肋下2.5cm，X线胸片示肺纹理重。 (3分) 87. 该患儿可能是 (1分) A.并发肺炎 B.并发高血压脑病 C.并发严重循环充血 D.并发急性肾衰 E.并发支气管肺炎 88. 应采取的重点措施是 (1分) A.肌注青霉素 B.用降压药 C.用地高辛 D.肌注速尿 E.用激素 89. 对于该患儿的护理，下列哪项不正确 (1分) A.严格卧床1,2周 B.限制钠盐和水的摄入 C.每日热敷，肾区1次 D.定期测量体重 E.给予高糖、高维生素、低蛋白的饮食 化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中白细胞数多为 (1分) A.小于10×106/L B.(10,50)×106/L C.(100,200)×106/L D.(500,600)×106/L E.大于1000×106/L 下列哪项不属于小儿结核病活动性参考指标 (1分) A.血沉快 B.发热 65 C.PPD强阳性 D.痰中找到结核菌 E.胸片显示钙化灶 35. 结核菌素试验结果的判断时间应在注射后 (1分) A.30分钟 B.1小时 C.12小时 D.24小时 E.72小时 支原体肺炎治疗应选择哪种抗生素 (1分) A.青霉素 B.氨苄青霉素 C.头孢噻肟 D.庆大霉素 E.红霉素 新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温原则是 (1分) A.逐步升温，循序渐进 B.供给足够水量，缓慢升温 C.立即升温，使体温迅速达到正常 D.即刻放入暖箱，每30分钟提高箱温1度 E.每小时提高箱温1度，8小时体温达正常 一个2岁的小儿未接种卡介苗，结核菌素试验阳性表示 (1分) A.体内有活动性结核病灶 B.曾感染过结核 C.近3周内感染结核 D.对结核有抵抗力 E.不会再感染结核 患儿，日龄4天，诊断为新生儿寒冷损伤综合征，下列处理措施哪项不妥 (1分) A.供给足够热量 B.尽量减少肌内注射 C.应快速复温 D.积极治疗原发病及并发症 E.注意有无出血倾向 71. 患儿，1岁，患化脓性脑膜炎，脑脊液细菌培养为肺炎链球菌，首选治疗药物为 (1分) A.红霉素 B.氯霉素 C.青霉素 D.庆大霉素 E.克林霉素 某女性患者因腹痛、腹泻2天入院，查体见患者神情淡漠、皮肤弹性减退、眼球凹陷、血压偏低、尿量减少、尿比重低。其脱水性质考虑为 (1分) A.高渗性脱水 B.等渗性脱水 C.低渗性脱水 D.水中毒 E.急性脱水 患儿，8个月，单纯母乳喂养，从未加辅食。近来，面色蜡黄，表情呆滞，舌面光滑，有轻微震颤，肝于肋下4cm，血常规检查:Hb:90g/L，RBC:2×1012/L，血清维生素B12降低。 (3分) 84. 你考虑该患儿可能发生的疾病是 (1分) A.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血 B.营养性缺铁性贫血 C.营养性混合性贫血 D.溶血性贫血 E.感染性贫血 66 85. 该患儿最适宜的治疗是给予 (1分) A.输血 B.铁剂+维生素C C.维生素B12+叶酸 D.强的松 E.补钙剂 86. 预防该疾病应强调 (1分) A.预防感染 B.多晒太阳 C.按时添加辅食 D.培养良好饮食习惯 E.加强体格锻炼 . 与牛乳相比，下列哪项不是母乳的优点 (1分) A.母乳含SIgA B.母乳含白蛋白较多 C.母乳含乳糖较多 D.母乳含钙较多 E.母乳含必需的不饱和脂肪酸较多 1分) 与牛乳相比，下列哪项不是母乳的优点 ( A.母乳含SIgA B.母乳含白蛋白较多 C.母乳含乳糖较多 D.母乳含钙较多 E.母乳含必需的不饱和脂肪酸较多 哮喘性支气管炎的临床特点不正确的是 (1分) A.多在3岁以下 B.吸气性呼吸困难 C.有湿疹史或其它过敏史 D.两肺布满哮鸣音 E.反复发作 59. 咽结合膜热的主要临床特点是 (1分) A.发热 B.咽炎、结合膜炎 C.咽部有疱疹 D.乏力 E.食欲差 一腹泻患儿，7个月，入院时精神差，营养不良，臀部皮肤潮红，有大片糜烂或表皮脱落，并有较多脓苔，黄色，腥臭。此患儿的护理哪项不妥 (1分) A.勤洗臀部，不兜尿布 B.洗净臀部后涂滑石粉 C.可用红外线照射 D.温度许可时将臀部暴露于阳光下 67 E.局部可涂0.5%新霉素氧化锌糊剂 74. 8岁患儿，因面部水肿、头痛、头晕就诊，尿液检查:蛋白++，红细胞20个/HP，诊断为急性肾小球肾炎。对其处理应是 (1分) A.给镇痛药 B.适当下床活动，防止血栓形成 C.给大剂量青霉素 D.低盐、高糖、高蛋白饮食 E.无盐、高糖、低蛋白饮食 75. 患儿，2岁，化脓性脑膜炎，入院后出现意识不清，呼吸不规则，两侧瞳孔不等大，对光反射迟钝。该患儿可能出现的并发症是 (1分) A.脑疝 B.脑脓肿 C.脑积水 D.脑室管膜炎 E.颅神经损伤 患儿，8个月支气管肺炎，晚上突然烦躁不安，喘憋加重。呼吸65次/min，心率182次/min，心音低钝，两肺细湿啰音增多，肝脏比前增大5cm。 (3分) 87. 患儿可能发生了 (1分) A.急性心力衰竭 B.脓胸 气胸 D.肺大泡 C.脓 E.肺不张 88. 根据以上病情变化，首选的护理措施是 (1分) A.保证热量 B.半坐卧位 C.控制感染 D.供给足够的水量 E.供给足够的蛋白质 89. 出院时健康指导错误的是 (1分) A.多晒太阳 B.体格锻炼 C.勤到公共场所 D.定期健康检查 E.按时预防接种 高渗性脱水的主要表现 (1分) A.血压下降 B.尿少 C.头晕 D.口渴 E.呕吐 佝偻病活动期(激期)的主要表现是 (1分) A.突然发生惊厥 B.易激惹、夜惊 C.骨骼系统改变 D.烦躁不安、多汗 E.各方面发育迟缓 34. 新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温的原则是 (1分) A.逐步升温，循序渐进 B.供给足够液量，帮助复温 68 C.立即升温，使体温迅速达正常 D.立即放入34?暖箱，逐步升温 E.保证体温每小时升高1? 35. 营养不良的并发症不包括 (1分) A.营养性缺铁性贫血 B.感染性疾病 C.维生素缺乏症 D.脑发育不全 E.自发性低血糖 . 36. 哪项不是流行性腮腺炎的并发症 (1分) A.脑膜脑炎 B.急性胰腺炎 C.急性咽喉炎 D.急性睾丸炎 E.急性卵巢炎 37. 对诊断缺铁性贫血无意义的是 (1分) A.喂养史和临床表现 B.血常规和骨髓检查 C.铁代谢的生化检查 D.红细胞寿命测定 E.用铁剂试验性治疗 38. 小儿患结核性脑膜炎时，脑脊液可见 (1分) A.蛋白质含量降低 B.蛋白质含量正常 C.糖和氯化物含量降低 D.糖和氯化物含量增高 E.糖和氯化物含量正常 39. 对粟粒型肺结核诊断起决定性作用的是 (1分) A.红细胞沉降率 B.红细胞计数 C.结核菌素试验 D.B超检查 E.胸部X线检查 用维生素D预防小儿佝偻病，通常开始于生后 (1分) A.1,2周 B.2,3周 C.4,5周 D.6,7周 E.8,9周 42. 指出下列非电解质溶液 (1分) A.1.4%碳酸氢钠 B.0.9%氯化钠 C.2:1等渗液 D.3:2:1液 E.10%葡萄糖液 有关心尖搏动的说法，错误的是 (1分) A.正常位于左侧第五肋间隙 B.锁骨中线内侧0.5,1.Ocm处 C.搏动的直径约2.0,2.5cm D.右心室增大时，心尖搏动向右移位 E.左心室增大时，心尖搏动向左下移位 治疗肺炎球菌性肺炎，停用抗生素的指标一般是 (1分) A.体温降至正常后3天 B.体温降至正常后1周 69 C.体温降至正常后2周 D.症状、体征完全消失 E.X线示炎症阴影完全消失 苗苗，出生2周，出生时体重3000g，Apgar评分9分，喂养质量理想的食品是 (1分) A.纯鲜牛奶 B.加钙牛奶 C.特浓牛奶 D.母乳 E.母乳+牛奶 69. 10个月患儿，面黄来诊。诊断为营养性巨幼细胞性贫血，下列处理正确的是 (1分) A.口服铁剂 B.口服胃蛋白酶 C.口服维生素C D.肌注维生素B12 E.预防发生心功能不全 70. 患儿4岁，自2岁起青紫，逐渐加重，哭后明显。胸骨左缘第2,3肋间?级收缩期喷射性杂音，传导广泛，心脏X线片可见肺门舞蹈征，印象是 (1分) A.肺动脉瓣狭窄 B.房间隔缺损 C.室间隔缺损 D.动脉导管未闭 E.法洛四联症 患儿，3岁，低热、咳嗽2个月，X线胸片呈典型"哑铃"双极影，诊断原发型肺结核综合征。应用抗结核药物治疗，其疗程为 (1分) A.1,2个月 B.3,4个月 C.5,6个月 D.7,8个月 E.9,12个月 患儿女，1岁。多汗，睡眠不安，方颅及肋骨串珠，X线检查骨骺端临时钙化带消失，呈毛刷样、杯口状改变，骨骺软骨带明显增宽，骨密度减低。 (3分) 85. 此患儿最可能的临床诊断是 (1分) A.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期 B.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期 C.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症 D.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期 E.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病后遗症期 86. 此病的后遗症是 (1分) A.枕秃 B.蛙状腹 C.骨骼畸形 D.语言落后 E.肌肉韧带松弛 87. 后遗症常常发生的年龄在 (1分) A.6个月以下 B.1岁以下 C.1岁半以下 D.2岁以下 E.3岁以上 70 A.维生素D400IU/日，口服 B.维生素D10000IU/日，口服 C.维生素D2每次80万IU，肌内注射，每周1次，共3次 D.维生素D3每次30万IU，肌内注射，每隔2周1次，共3次 E.维生素D10万IU/日，口服 (3分) 91. 治疗重度维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期用_d__ (1分) .92. 治疗维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期时用__a_ (1分) 93. 预防维生素D缺乏性佝偻病时用___a (1分) 患者口腔存在真菌感染时，可选用的漱口液是 (1分) A.0.02%呋喃西林溶液 B.l%,4%碳酸氢钠溶液 C.生理盐水 D.朵贝尔液 E.0.1%醋酸溶液 关于母乳喂养下列哪项不对 (1分) A.产后7日内分泌的乳汁为初乳 B.产后14日以后分泌的乳汁为成熟乳 C.早吸吮即产后2小时内开始哺乳 D.喂完奶后将婴儿竖抱，以防吐奶 E.哺乳可采用坐位或卧位姿势 低钾血症是指血清中钾离子浓度低于 (1分) A.3.5mmol/L B.4.5mmol/L C.5.0mmol/L D.5.5mml/L E.7.0mmol/L 常用4:3:2溶液的张力为 (1分) A.1/2张 B.1/3张 C.1/4张 D.2/3张 E.等张 新生儿寒冷损伤综合征复温原则是 (1分) A.逐步升温，循序渐进 B.供给足够水量，缓慢升温 C.立即升温，使体温迅速达到正常 D.即刻放入暖箱，每30分钟提高箱温1度 E.每小时提高箱温1度，8小时体温达正常 36. 维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期明显升高的血清酶是 (1分) A.单氨氧化酶 B.碱性磷酸酶 C.乳酸脱氢酶 D.谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶 E.谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶 37. 哪项不是佝偻病头部的骨骼改变 (1分) A.颅骨软化 B.乳牙萌出推迟 C.前囟迟闭 D.小头畸形 71 E.方颅 38. 营养不良的并发症不包括 (1分) A.营养性缺铁性贫血 B.感染性疾病 C.维生素缺乏症 D.脑发育不全 E.自发性低血糖 39. 为婴儿行心、肺复苏术，建立人工呼吸时，术者吹气频率为 (1分) A.10,15次/分 B.15,20次/分 C.20,25次/分 D.30,40次/分 E.45,55次/分 40. 2:1等张含钠液是指 (1分) A.2份生理盐水，1份1.4%碳酸氢钠 B.2份生理盐水，1份%碳酸氢钠 C.2份11.2%乳酸钠，1份生理盐水 D.2份%碳酸氢钠，1份生理盐水 E.2份生理盐水，1份10%葡萄糖 41. 下列哪项不属于小儿结核病活动性参考指标 (1分) A.血沉快 B.发热 强阳性 D.痰中找到结核菌 C.PPD E.胸片显示钙化灶 42. 预防缺铁性贫血的关键是 (1分) A.母乳喂养 B.人工喂养 C.经常口服铁制剂 D.及时添加蔬菜、果汁 E.及时添加鸡蛋黄、肉类 一个2岁的小儿未接种卡介苗，结核菌素试验阳性表示 (1分) A.体内有活动性结核病灶 B.曾感染过结核 C.近3周内感染结核 D.对结核有抵抗力 E.不会再感染结核 70. 11个月小儿，母乳喂养，未加辅食，近一个月出现反应迟钝，嗜睡，间断出现手足、头震颤，面色苍黄，应采取以下哪项措施 (1分) A.口服铁剂 B.使用维生素B12、叶酸 C.输血 D.吸氧 E.给予兴奋剂 71. 月龄为4个月的佝偻病患儿可有下列哪项表现 (1分) A.鸡胸 B.方颅 C.肋串珠 D.颅骨软化 E.脊柱侧弯 患儿女，1岁。多汗，睡眠不安，方颅及肋骨串珠，X线检查骨骺端临时钙 72 化带消失，呈毛刷样、杯口状改变，骨骺软骨带明显增宽，骨密度减低。 (3分) 85. 此患儿最可能的临床诊断是 (1分) A.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期 B.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期 C.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症 D.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病恢复期 E.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病后遗症期 86. 此病的后遗症是 (1分) A.枕秃 B.蛙状腹 C.骨骼畸形 D.语言落后 E.肌肉韧带松弛 87. 后遗症常常发生的年龄在 (1分) A.6个月以下 B.1岁以下 C.1岁半以下 D.2岁以下 E.3岁以上 一迁延不愈的营养不良患儿，凌晨护士巡视时发现面色苍白、四肢厥冷、神志不清、脉搏减慢、呼吸暂停。应先想到 (1分) A.呼吸衰竭 B.心力衰竭 C.感染性休克 D.低血糖症 E.低血钙症 5岁患儿，近1周来发热、寒战、尿频，有腰痛，医嘱留尿培养，下列关于尿培养的描述哪一项不正确 (1分) A.应留取中段尿做培养 B.若培养菌落计数大于105/ml可确诊 C.留取尿标本时先用肥皂将外阴清洗干净 D.用0.05%的苯扎溴胺冲洗2次再取尿 E.若30分钟未留到尿液，需再次消毒 A.肌内注射镇静剂后，静脉注射钙剂 B.静脉注射钙剂 C.吸氧及静注钙剂 D.肌内注射镇静剂 E.静注3%氯化钠 97. 3岁小儿，再发性手足痉挛呈弓状，双手呈腕部屈曲。手指直伸，拇指内收掌心，强直痉挛，足部踝关节伸直，足部同时向下弯曲_b__ (1分) 98. 1月龄女婴，1天来反复发作四肢抽动，两眼正常，面肌颤动，神志不清，抽停后意识恢复，活泼如常，不发热，来院急诊时又抽搐不止__a (1分 73 (英文版 ) easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the < code > and < rule >, lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the < code > and < rule > is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with < > and < >. To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the 74 supervision of "concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing" three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the < code > as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement < >, do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, 75 some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Don't always take everything back to things, and don't get into a blind alley, don't want to face, don't be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, I'm afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell don't 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can 76 sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open one's mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also don't envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, ma'am, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, don't envy him A sum of, don't lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 77 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also can't let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of 78 suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please don't despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please don't helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like a Significance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Don't miss to regret, don't wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat 79 pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Don't demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily. Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: < study and implement the party's two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the < the probity of the Communist Party of China self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party 80 discipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positively to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study "party two regulations", truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage to fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * * * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of the road surface transformation project, last year "towards the country seized" will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director Comrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the "bottom line", strict management, and strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one meal, do not accept the construction unit a ceremony. In this way, they didn't really dare to adhere to the principle. No comrade, constantly put on reworking an emergency meeting to Comrade Zhen to speak louder, management tube too strict. Remember in Dongguan Street, 400 meters long cement concrete surface layer, because of various reasons, the smoothness of the poor in the bottom cavity, covering film traces and 81 car imprinting quality problems, * * * inquiries, immediately rushed to the scene to understand and verify the situation, the convening of the management office, the construction units, supervision units, construction units, construction units construction time is tight, the economic loss and other reasons to intercede ******** unmoved. He said, "now a popular word, to the discipline and rules quite in front, there are no rules Radius, you construction team not accordance with the technical specifications, quality problems, it must be to carry out rectification. Engineering quality responsibility be weightier than Mount Tai, if we manage to this matter Pavement quality quantity are placed the matter, we this time to learn two regulations have what use? Still what is the Communist Party? "Finally, in his insisted, the road after rework, to solve these problems. In the construction of the new comrades and the project all the colleagues efforts, after four months of fighting, the project the main project was finally completed and passed inspection. Thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles Piao, this is a splendid and romantic scene. But snow for the highway, it is a disaster, a serious threat to the traffic safety. This year, a month, a century of cold wave swept from North to south, and the snow blowing to Guangdong, but also to bear the blow To * * * * the highway. In January on the evening of 23, Lianping county city temperatures dropped to minus 2 degrees, a wide range of sudden rain sleet, before and after the provincial S341 line in Jiulianshan Mountain tunnel sections of the road appeared in 82 the snow, lead to the passing vehicles skid, traffic is blocked. In the face of the sudden natural disasters, city and county highway department immediately launched the emergency plan for disaster prevention. As the front line of the main force, Lianping Highway Bureau of all Party members and cadres to remember the Party member responsibility, braving the biting cold wind, the first time rushed to the scene, on the icy pavement of salt disposal. Because the temperature is too low, just melt water immediately freezes, addition to the ice work to increase the difficulty. To ensure In addition to the re organization of the depths of the traffic safety, road people braved the icy put reflective cones and warning signs, endure cold at minus 2,3 of Jiulianshan patrols until one in the morning. Just before dawn, Lianping Highway Bureau personnel on the icy road salt ice melting processing until ten o'clock, ice melting ice success, the road gradually returned to normal traffic. In the cold winter night, which people do not miss the warm bed, which people do not miss the warm home. However, our highway on the road to the owners of the masses can go home early, the night fighting to secure the avoidance of the road safety and smoothness, fulfill their responsibility. Xi General Secretary Every Party member cadre cautioned against said: blacksmith needs self hard "." two regulations ", is our own hard standard test, more exercise every party members and cadres of the fire. We should continue to strengthen the party two regulations, conscientiously in practical work, practical play road, the 83 road for the development of the cause of Heyuan and struggle. In the industry domain report the situation of road traffic in recent years, in the province highway departments of the concern and support, our bureau management department based on the job, loyalty duty, best service, to further promote the highway management standardization, legal, scientific and information technology to improve the management level and service quality. This will be my last work is as follows: first, around the center, go all out to greet the seizure in 2015, "meet national examination" is my bureau work. As the highway management department, we focus on the work of the center to strengthen road renovation and management as the focal point, further optimize the service environment, improve service levels. Inspection, the inspection group and the Ministry of transport, the Bureau under the leadership of the ministries and agencies highly evaluated and fully affirmed. (a) increase road area remediation efforts. The programme of work, strengthen the organization and leadership. The timely development of the city of <*** common trunk highway area environment remediation plan >, along the road signs and markings, traffic safety facilities, on both sides of the green, advertising signs, control area illegal construction and implementation of remediation tasks to the relevant departments, clear work time of the node to ensure rectification work timely. Set up road area special rectification work 84 leading group, implement a bureau, the Bureau of the county (District), the project road site domain environment comprehensive improvement Mechanism. To ensure that the work carried out smoothly, the bureau also organized the city road managers participated in the regulation of road region and the relevant laws and regulations of the special training. 2. Active butt joint is reported, actively strive for the support of. Local Party committee and government support is the job As a magic weapon, I am one of the Bureau of the principal leaders repeatedly attack inspection "remediation and road area to the principal leaders of the municipal report. * * *, the Secretary of municipal Party committee, mayor * *, * * *, vice mayor of many times the rate of the relevant departments directly under the responsible person in-depth National Highway G105 line, G205 line, provincial S341 line and the other highway project site, on-site office, coordination solve engineering construction and environmental comprehensive renovation in the presence of difficulties and problems. Last year, national highway along the county (District) government led organizations deploy traffic, urban management, public security, land, environmental protection, industry and commerce, highways and other related departments, to carry out to dismantle illegal construction and ground structures, cleaning up illegal standard Records label "as the main content of the road domain integrated environmental remediation activities and achieved good results. 3. Pay attention to 85 comprehensive management, improve the effectiveness of remediation. Road construction control management has been strengthened. According to the relevant provisions of the laws and regulations of the < Highway Law > and < highway safety regulations for the protection of > and so on, county * *, * * County People's Government on highway construction control area were delineated and issue a public notice, * * County People's government also approved by the executive meeting of the government through discussion, implementation of road boundary markers of 73 million yuan of special funds input, stake setting. According to statistics, last year the city has erected building control zone peg 820, construction control area boundary markers 815 . the second is highway greening and beautification work enhance the road area remediation effectiveness. Will highway greening and beautification work as road area remediation of a key, invite garden experts to guide the design of green, the implementation of high standards for ecological landscape highway activities to create, five years, I board greening mileage of more than 900 kilometers, appropriate road greening greening rate of 100%, effectively enhance the city road greening level and grade, adds a sharp scenery line for **********. Third, rectification of illegal construction and occupation of the road has been checked. By through the town, crossing the road on many occasions to carry out concentrated rectification actions, to clear the remnants of the wall, broken Archives of highways in strict accordance with the wall of 86 building structures and the illegal deposits, remediation along the Jeeves, Jeeves placed advertisements and vehicle maintenance, car washing and other acts, standardize and purification on both sides of the highway billboards and other non road signs, I city of national and provincial highway basic elimination of the "dirty, chaotic, poor, blocking phenomenon, highway traffic environment purification, landscaping. (2) to strengthen the management on the basic data management. The level of the archives management regulations, formulate the < file management system >, the establishment of the road, the implementation of the file manager, file collection, filing, sorting, filing, confidentiality, custody, borrow, identification pin Destroy the standardization. 2, standardized management, enhance service image (a) evaluation system to further improve in order to strengthen and standardize guidance and assessment of each county (area) bureau of highways management work, the Bureau developed a <*** City Highway Bureau highways management assessment implementation measures (Trial). To regularly check for half a year, year-end assessment and irregular random sampling combined, taking the spot road inspections, sampling sections, listening to the reports, archives data check, for each county (area) bureau of highways management work implementation of the special assessment. According to the annual comprehensive assessment appraisal score results, evaluation of outstanding, excellent compliance and Not up to the standard of four 87 grades. And in accordance with the level of assessment, the award on behalf of dial highway management funds. Total score is above 95%, is excellent, 10 million yuan reward; total score of 90 - 94 for excellent, 8 million yuan reward; for the total score of 80 - 89 points for standard, reward 50000 yuan. On the total score is less than 79 points for non-compliance unit, circulate a notice of criticism. (II) Sheung inspection work to further standardize a is in place to ensure the inspection. National and provincial trunk highway patrol monthly not less than 20 days, State Road a week of not less than 3 times, dart a week of not less than 2 times. The second is to explore and promote the electronic patrol monitoring. City highway patrol vehicles are installed on the highway patrol vehicle monitoring system; highway law enforcement personnel are equipped with a recorder for law enforcement, on the process of supervision and law enforcement to ensure evidence has played an effective role. The third is unified and standardized inspection ledger records, inspection equipment use and management of the electronic Patrol information storage utilization. The fourth is the establishment of highway maintenance and inspections mechanism. The city's 19 country and provincial trunk highway maintenance center equipped with the CPPCC keeper, and to develop a road of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference tube member responsibilities. According to statistics, in 2015 (on the road. Day.... Stop the road mileage, 17 cases; clean up debris on 88 both sides of the road 20 , demolition billboard 30, demolition chaotic scaffolding house 3, clean Lane Hawking 15.) (3) road permit work to further strengthen the implementation of administrative licensing system, strengthen the supervision and administration of the licensing. Strict implementation of the < Guangdong Province highways license implementation measures >. According to the provisions of the road approval procedures and processes to carry out road license, do according to the law, the license in accordance with the law, shall be subject to examination and approval of the. Implement the collective examination and approval, to strengthen supervision. Highways and approval of business implementation of technical review of administrative approval and separation, the audit focused on the more complex involved in the road licensing matters, collective decision-making, to improve the scientific nature of the road administrative examination and approval, reduce approval corruption risks. Second is to promote the In administrative permission of information technology to improve service quality. According to the <*** Provincial People's Government Office on Issuing 2014 improve and expand the spirit of the relevant documents of the online business hall of program of work notice > and ministries and provincial and municipal government, I realized the butt of Guangdong Province highway information network and provincial network business hall * * * branch office highways licensing examination and approval work. 89 Simplify the licensing process, and strengthen the office system, optimize the quality of service. (4) image of the team to further enhance a is grasp Windows image.2015 years, my bureau highways licensing in the city administrative service center settings window service. According to the <** provincial highway The provisions of the administrative licensing service window management way > and < on regulating the content of the public notice >, I Bureau for damaged highway capacity compensation standard, occupied by highway repair (lost) compensation expenses standards, in accordance with the law of administrative licensing items, the communications administrative license implementation procedures into the line on the wall publicity, in the service window is equipped with all kinds of application fill in sample, administrative licensing service guide brochure, in a conspicuous place public commitment to the system and advisory telephone complaints, for the masses provides warm and thoughtful service. Second is to grasp the "Four Unifications" working in the city's highway law enforcement image. According to the Ministry of transport < to strengthen transportation administrative law enforcement image construction guidance Scheme > and the ministries of the Provincial Bureau of the relevant documents, I board in front of the June 2015 completed the identification of law enforcement, law enforcement station appearance, clothing of law enforcement, law enforcement documents "four unification". (5) the AILU nursing atmosphere further formation of 90 my bureau attaches great importance to the propaganda work of highway management "road awareness month" into <*** City Highway Bureau 2015 road administration work points. One is around the "norms of law enforcement, improve the service" theme "road awareness month" activities carried out. According to statistics, the city's highway system were deployed highways propaganda car 60 times, staff of highways 152 people, set point consulting 6, issued and publicity Data of 8000, hanging banners 134; broadcast 60 hours / 20, update 7 inch high rod making permanent propaganda page 4; in <*** Daily > 7th edition published < highway laws and regulations publicity content >, purchased and distributed < the people's Republic of China Highway Law >, < highway Ann Quanbao supporting regulations > legal text, a total of 500 this. The second is to carry out "12.4" national legal advocacy day activities, the city road officers go deep among the masses interpretation of highway Highways Management laws, regulations and policy advocacy, analysis for illegal construction at both sides of the road, a typical case of illegal advertising management, showing public road construction and maintenance of highways The actual results of the management, the masses love protection consciousness and social awareness to further enhance the enforcement of highways. In recent years, I board in the highway management work were some beneficial explorations and the attempt, and achieved initial results, but 91 there is still a certain gap compared with requirements of the Provincial Bureau and other brothers City, we will to implement the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the opportunity, and further increase the intensity of road management work, and constantly improve the overall quality of the workforce and the ability to learn, and strive to achieve the new highway across. Today the topic of democratic life will I talk about the main to correctly treat leave turn ensure transition delicate gas is understanding, to carry out criticism and self-criticism, in-depth to find problems, profound analysis of the causes, through self analysis to find their own existence problem, to correctly understand their own, strengthen the party spirit training, to ensure that the election of smoothly and successfully completed. Below I talk about their own situation, please put forward valuable opinion. Main understanding (a) serious discipline, to create a delicate gas is in the general environment in accordance with the Central Commission for discipline inspection organs, < of Organization Department of CPC Central Committee on strengthening the election of the notice of customs supervision >, municipal < on doing a good job City Township leadership transition in the notification > and county Party Committee Organization Department of the county Party Committee Organization Department < on the convening of the correct treatment leave turn ensure transition 92 Fengqing gas is a feature of democratic life notice > files related to the spirit of the requirements, earnestly implement the "nine is prohibited, nine shall be" the solemn discipline, I earnestly study the < Chinese Communist Party principle of honesty and self-discipline >. < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations >, < promote leading cadre of some regulations >, < party and government leading cadres selection and appointment Regulations > and file, and a profound understanding of the nine is prohibited, a nine law "discipline essence and firmly safeguard the election of serious Ensure the unhealthy tendencies have successfully completed, and actively create a delicate gas is the election of environment, to ensure that the election, so as to further strengthen the town leadership and cadre team construction. Through the study, in-depth thinking, to a serious discipline the importance and necessity of a more profound understanding. First, it is the iron discipline. The central put forward the "nine is prohibited, nine shall be the reason for early serious general discipline, designated" high-voltage wire, "itself reflects the party committees at all levels of the reelection of attaches great importance to the objective is bright resolute attitude, the implementation of effective measures, the same candidate to fight with discipline election of wind Discipline in gas is health. Secondly, this is prevenient. From some typical cases, we can see that individual cadres election to engage in speculative hack canvassing votes, in violation of discipline, and ultimately paid a high 93 price. The destruction of Hengyang election case and Nanchong canvassing bribery case that strengthen election discipline, serious election discipline of necessity and importance. The discipline of publicity to the public, wide report, that is, early warning, early hit precautionary needle, tell the cadres should do what shouldn't do, what to do and what not to do, and better education of cadres, warning cadres, and build a strong line of defense, to avoid the occurrence of similar problems. There is duty. Serious discipline, with a strong team is an important starting point. As the leadership of the party members and cadres, take the lead in the implementation and take the lead in upholding the election of discipline, which is a major political responsibility. Must be clear requirements, strict constraints themselves, cherish the honor, safeguard the image of the organization; promote righteousness, play an exemplary role. Especially as deputy Township, but also to give a full play to its role, always stand in the discipline of first-line maintenance. The wind Su Ji through the election of the work of the whole process. (II) serious discipline, treat correctly leave turn as a cadre of the party, whether it is in, is back, stay, turn are organization Metabolism of entrepreneurial career, need and development need. So, his first with a broad mind to treat "leave turn". The position is officer positions, power for the people service tools. Different positions of the party's cause, plays a decisive role, the same important. To ability strong, 94 style of comrade to important positions and applause, is full of vigor and vitality and promising young cadres in leadership and cheer for their own "leave turn" and calmly face, calm place. Second is to a healthy state of mind to treat "leave turn". The personnel of metabolic, between the past and the present. Cadre new old alternant, team, push In the party constitution control strict working to career development objective need, is never the end of the historical process. Each a cadre must face up to the laws of nature to think we also took the former relay baton "go on leadership post, regardless of the current positions, positions and responsibilities have what change, can do for peace of mind and mood, such as water, in a happy mood. (3) carefully and find out the problem, correct understanding of themselves, even though they do conscientious, serious attitude, honesty in politics, but high standard < >, the control standard, especially control learning, striving for excellent activities emerge in large numbers of advanced characters, advanced deeds Static not consciously practice the "strict three real" and strengthen the party spirit accomplishment to find the gap, swing is insufficient, a clear direction, mainly manifested in the following aspects: one is the learning initiative and self-consciousness. Often busy with work as an excuse, not consciously take the initiative to spare time to learn. Is often superior to learn what to learn what, and work closely to learn, and working relationship is not less to learn. Mainly manifested in the theoretical study 95 is not thorough, system is not thorough, the Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" important thought, the scientific concept of development and learning, general secretary of the series of speech learning, just from the surface on learning In the less less less and not deep enough, not from the deeper study, to study, to understand, to sentiment, to use, to guide the work. The second is to investigate the research. This year their participation in the county, the county government's important meeting, the town Party work time is more, coupled with the specific affairs busy, in-depth primary research time reduced. The inspection was carried out research activities, there are surface examination, thematic research, listen to reports and discussion research, the general requirements and specific guidance, in a certain extent, affected the timely discovery and solve. Third is the level of leadership, leadership and need to be further improved. Stroke the personnel selection is positive, work coordination and cooperation can't to the best effect; in the coordination to deal with some complex problems, the approach is not enough. Especially encountered, time is tight, the task is heavy, is often the soldiers to be blocked, the water to soil cover, struggling to cope with. The global and forward-looking innovation is not enough. (4) to ensure that the transition delicate gas selected loyal to the party loyal to the people of leading cadres (recommended) for the county to provide accurate information to ensure the transition in the air, after the 96 general election of work have a greater change. The second is balanced, promote the work in an orderly manner. In the future a period of time, the transition will be in the county under the leadership of the Extended surface. And breeding industry and the construction of key projects also in actively, they have to seriously consider, overall transition and key projects to promote. Education team members and the town, village cadres actively participate in industry cultivate the work, with outstanding achievements to accept the assessment of test of the organization and the masses of the people, in the town set up promising is a strong general business and the right atmosphere general election, do election and projects to promote the two not mistake, the promotion of two. Second, the rectification measures One is to enhance learning, awareness raising, he will continue to strengthen learning, improve the level of awareness, their own unity of thought and action to the county, township party committee of arrangements for the election. The second is correctly, strengthen discipline, own the right of transition, a matter of personal leave turn, as a town, deputy secretary of Party committee, themselves are fully aware of the only serious work, strict demands on themselves in order to not negative expectations of organizations and the masses, so that individuals can well deal with good transition in personal leave turn. Three people on the election promise as Deputy Secretary of the Party committee, in the election of my solemn commitment to Catch: if a is strictly abide by and 97 take the lead in the implementation of the "nine is prohibited, nine" transition discipline, not to engage in cliques, not to engage in canvassing votes buying and selling, buying, and no fraud swindlers officer, do not intercede say hello, not illegal, not to run gas leak, do not interfere with changing times, accomplish strict discipline, warning, with iron discipline firmly put unhealthy trends, promote delicate gas to ensure transition in the healthy and orderly development; the second is resolutely obey organization arrangement, and resolutely to stress the party spirit, principle, discuss overall situation, correctly treat personal leave turn, the correct treatment the election results and focus on their careers, from start to finish, ensure the normal and orderly develop. For in-depth study and implement the party's eighteen, the eighth session of the fourth, the spirit of the fifth plenary session, the implementation of comprehensive strictly required, a solid grasp of the construction of Party member team, in accordance with the requirements of the county Party Committee Organization Department No. 3 (2016) Luo Zufa. According to the requirements of the < Chinese Communist Party Constitution > and the central work of education for the party members, combined with actual town, 2016 Party member education and training scheme is formulated. The guiding ideology adhere to a 98 comprehensive study of implementing the scientific development view as guidance, in-depth study and implement the party's eighteen, the eighth session of the fourth, fifth plenary session and the General Secretary Xi Jinping series important Speech adhere to the application for promoting learning, and strive to improve our ideological and political quality of Party members; firmly establish catch a party to build pipe must be members, tube members first catch education of ideological understanding, close to the Party member's ideological and practical work, strive to build a party regular education work mechanism, promote the party members play a vanguard and exemplary role; firmly grasp the construction of ability of administration of strengthening the party, advanced nature and purity of construction of the main line, adhere to to enhanced grasp the party building work consciousness, strengthen the self construction of the party organizations as the fundamental starting point, for the town's economic and social development provided for ideological and political guarantee of the strong and powerful organization guarantee. Second, target 201 The main task of 6 years of education and training of Party members is earnestly implement the <2015 - 2018 XX County Education and training of Party members to implement views > (Luo Wei do [2015] 121) to further strengthen the work of the education and training of Party members request, to training the town, the grassroots party members and common. From 5 January 2016, through a variety of channels in a variety of forms in 99 a planned, step by step, to focus on the organization to carry out the education and training of Party members. A party spirit idea generally enhanced. Through education and training, prompting the majority of Party members to further strengthen the ideal and faith, enhance the party concept, consciously practice the agency will socialist core value system. To further enhance the confidence of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, theoretical system of self-confidence and confidence. (II) Party members working ability greatly improved. Through the development of education and training, to boost the knowledge structure of Party members transformation and upgrading, improve the party to use the Marxist stand, viewpoints and methods of analysis and problem solving ability, adapt to the new situation and new tasks. (3) play an effective role of Party member model. Through the development of training and education, promote the party members in theProduction, work, learning and service to the community in give full play to the exemplary vanguard role, and actively striving to take the lead in learning to improve and take the lead in striving for success, serving the masses to take the lead and lead law-abiding, take the lead in promoting the healthy atmosphere model. (4) the building of grassroots organizations strong impetus. Through the development of education and training, the Party member troop overall quality and ability to serve the people increased, grass-roots party organization's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the 100 improved. Contents and measures according to different type of the town, at different levels, the actual needs of the different positions of Party members, hierarchical class to carry out the education and training of Party members. Adhere to the town overall and please tutoring, please Come in and sent down the combination, to the party spirit education and ability cultivation as the center, overall constitution and discipline, the core value system, political theory, domestic and international situation in town situation, party organization construction, legal education, culture, science and technology, industrial development, management, resource management and protection, social management innovation in the aspects, to village (unit) as a unit, to all members of the organization a above rotation activities. Focus on Township and village committee cadres straight unit leading Party group secretary, activist of join or be admitted to the party, the education and training of village class mothball cadre training, efforts to strengthen the parties organization Secretary of party spirit accomplishment, do a good job of the consciousness of the party building work, enhanced the Party activist , people in rural areas to promote rural economic development of practical abilities. At the same time, through the development of the theme of practical training, autonomous learning training, make full use of the party members and cadres of modern distance education network etc., for the party members in various fields to carry out the classification of rotation, party spirit training, tobe grind quality, 101 improve quality. Organizational Leadership (a) strengthen leadership, implement the responsibility. Town Party committee to the work of the education and training of Party members into the party building work important content, the overall responsibility of the Secretary of the Party committee, vice secretary of the lead and the implementation of specific members of the organization, the organizational Secretary of the parties to personally plan, personally deploy, supervise the implementation; the education and training of Party members to carry out into the grass-roots party Construction work responsibility system and the building of grassroots organizations special assessment, directly with the grass-roots party organizations Pingxianpingyou link, to strengthen the organization and leadership to do a good job of work to implement. (II) the overall progress, implement the plan. Ensure that the deployment, according to the arrangement of the 2016 Party member education and training plans, based on the actual needs of the party, on-demand rationing; do supervision and guidance, strengthen the supervision of the work of the education and training of Party members, guidance and services to help solve the difficulties and problems in the training; assessment, by listening to the report, information search, evaluation, etc., with emphasis on the assessment of the implementation of the plan, Party members to participate in training proportion and effect, indeed Protect task implementation. (3) the typical guide, step up publicity. Pay attention to cultivate advanced and 102 typical, timely promotion and the typical experience of the characteristics of the practice. The work of the education and training of Party members as the focus of the grass-roots party building and the sector skills training for communication and advocacy, by setting the column, offering special journals and other forms of propaganda, to create a strong atmosphere of public opinion, promote the orderly conduct of the work and achieved certain results. In order to further implement the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of major speeches about the party's work style and clean government and anti-corruption struggle spirit and the central, province, city, County Commission for Discipline Inspection and the spirit of the plenary session, to further strengthen the awareness of the loyal party members and cadres, sense of purpose, sense of responsibility and a sense of discipline, boost the county's economic and social development. In accordance with the ensemble [of Ji Qing 2016) spirit of the document No. 3, combined with my bureau actual, make this program of activities, and a theme of learning party discipline, strict discipline, boosting Qingshen development. Second, activity time April 2016 1 - April 30, three, activity content (a) carry out party discipline learning activities. Global organization of cadres and workers to focus on learning, network learning, self-study and other forms of strengthen constitution < < the probity of the Communist Party of 103 China self-discipline criterion "" Chinese Communist Party disciplinary Regulations >, < Xi Jinping on clean government and anti-corruption fight discusses excerpts > and other relevant information learning. Education for Party members and cadres to < code > < Regulations > as the ruler, combined with its work, measure, control and their own ideas and practical test, take the initiative to conduct Lianzheng is affirmatory consciously practice commitment, achieve the hearts of the party, Zun Jishou Confessions of readings of the Si > < confessions to carry out the hearts of the people, in the heart has the responsibility, in the heart has quit, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. (2) to carry out special warning education activities. In the global "read < > writing experience, the concept of warning education independent micro film > reflections, prisons and courtroom free" as the main content of the special warning education activities. Use of the weekly worker will focus to watch a warning education. The < >, cadres and workers to write their feelings, reflections, and the clean publicity column posted; 4 month global organization of Party members and cadres to the eyebrow delta prison visits to detainees xianshenshuifa education of cadres and workers With low-cost combined with special method. (3) to teach a class of anti-corruption initiate cheap course. By the leaders of anti corruption and financial supervision and administration of state-owned assets of explain the profound things in a simple way to explain, so that all staff of honest business, according to the 104 law to act in a more profound understanding, so as to enhance staff's sense of responsibility and sense of mission. (4) to promote innovation to help the family activities. To carry out the party members and cadres "motto, bright family traditions" activities for family education into harmony, filial piety, encouraging learning, goodness, thrifty, inspirational, cultivation of excellent genes to guide Party members and cadres to good tradition folk, with a good tradition being honest, with good tradition promote political winds, creating a delicate gas is the general atmosphere. Four activities (a) to strengthen leadership, careful organization. One is the establishment of the "independent warning education month" activities leading group of the state owned Financial Bureau, bureau leading Party group secretary of the leader, board members of the team to serve as deputy head. The second is making < County State Owned Financial Bureau independent warning education activities month scheme > determine promotional content, clear steps, truly understanding, measures, and put in place, ensure the effectiveness of the activities. (II) take all factors into consideration, pay attention to actual effect. According to "strict three real special education and" two studies do "activities, in based on the provisions of the action without aliasing, and creativity to carry out various forms, rich and colorful activities, and strive to Pay attention to actual effect, and resolutely prevent, going through the motions, really promote the party members and cadres from the depths of the ideological solidating abide by discipline 105 regulations of the defence. (3) strengthening propaganda, to create atmosphere. To make full use of the column publicity, propaganda position of network, increase publicity efforts, expand warning education activities of the coverage and influence. Today, we hold the city's precise technology to poverty alleviation and project work to promote the meeting, the main purpose is to further promote the task of aiding the poor with technology roots and accelerate all kinds of scientific and technological projects. Last year, this year, the city's scientific and technological work has made remarkable achievements, such as the convening of national poverty alleviation of science and technology on the spot will, cultivate high-tech enterprises, Bashan scholar training and the introduction of scientific and technical personnel incentives, listing national agricultural science and Technology Park, science and technology incubator building. Just now, Huangli In recent years city science and technology to help the poor and science and technology project effectiveness, the main problems were analyzed, and in a period of time in the future, the city's precise technology to poverty alleviation and science and technology project work arrangements, I agree, I hope everyone to earnestly implement. Here, I stressed the three points. Learning "learning", to carry out the "learning and doing" education as 106 the city's innovation and development of an important driving force. The Party Central Committee decided to 2016 years in all Party members to carry out learning the party constitution, party rules, a series of speech, do a qualified party member education (referred to as "learning to do"). Some time ago, I called the "learning the party constitution, party rules, a series of speech, do a qualified party member education and mobilization, the province carried out within the" two a "learning education mobilization. Municipal Party committee will soon be held a mobilization will make arrangements for the deployment. To carry out the" two a "study and education, based on" learning ", key in" do ". As the science and Technology Department of cadres and workers, to (benchmark for two pilot demonstration study through studying the party constitution of party compasses, a series of speech, not only to do a qualified party members, to do a good job of science and technology innovation. Next week, I as the city's county-level leading cadres reading class open cooperation and innovation driven study group members went to Mianyang, Meishan national innovation driven development characteristics and the province's Innovation Driven Development Zone work experience, a great harvest, feeling very deep. Mianyang, Meishan city innovation driven strength is very great, especially is Mianyang has become civil military integration, a comprehensive reform and innovation, our benchmarking in Mianyang, the gap is very large. Mianyang Science and technology city construction 107 as the basis, built around the "Five" goal of building Hotbed of innovation of construction science and technology, military and civilian fusion demonstration, collecting and distributing center of scientific and technological achievements, innovative talents convergence and high technology industry concentration), vigorously promote to military and civilian fusion for the characteristics of comprehensive reform pilot innovation, and achieved remarkable results, is toward the national civil military integration innovation demonstration area, the national innovation driven development characteristics demonstration area and western economic development growth emerging great step forward. The expanding Park, stronger innovation platform; incubated enterprises, cultivate innovation; poly talent, to improve the ability of innovation; promoting fusion, highlighting the characteristics of the innovation; catch open, form innovation efforts of the experience is worth learning from. Benchmarking advanced, we have to struggling to The amount of weight is to grasp to catch the strategic innovation. To improve the target oriented system. The innovation actually placed in the core position, firmly establish the "grasping innovation development, seek innovation is to seek the future, innovation is not backward, slow innovation also will lag behind" concept, accelerate factor driven to innovation driven change. City Branch Bureau to actively seek the city management system emphasizing the innovation driven development, focus on strengthening the scientific 108 and technological enterprise incubator construction, scientific and technological innovation platform, technology oriented small and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate, high and new technology industry output value and product evaluation. Second, we must built innovation and Entrepreneurship platform. The city will be in Pakistan and the open area to build the whole To confidence, "double center", the new industrial park for a period, the city public entrepreneurship Park Phase II, Qin Ba electricity supplier industry park for three period, incubation area of more than 50 million square meters. The county (District) to take advantage of idle assets of construction science and technology enterprise incubator, a passenger space and other new public record space, the formation of a, a, a, to create vivid situation. Third, we must foster technological innovation subject. To vigorously implement the "high and new technology enterprise doubling plan" and "science and technology oriented small and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate plan", to honor the implementation of tax incentives, financial subsidies, such as a package of policies to support, so that high technology enterprise "indomitable spirit", let the small and medium-sized enterprise "overwhelming". To increase investment in science and technology innovation. To actively seek special funds for the development of Municipal Science and technology part for cashing innovation drive the development of financial subsidy policy, transfer a portion of funds for science and technology enterprises of loan 109 guarantees and interest subsidies. Encourage banking institutions set up science and technology branch of the franchise, push the patent pledge loan, for the small and medium sized enterprises of science and technology provide financing services tailored. Fifth, we must strengthen science and technology personnel. To attract more technology military personnel and high-end talent with technology, project, with funds to Bazhong Lingban or joint science and technology enterprises, encourage and support both inside and outside the citycomrades and the5 years of college graduates and college students to a new public space, science and technology business incubator innovation and entrepreneurship. Second, it is necessary to promote the precision technology poverty alleviation as the important content of the scientific and technological work. To build a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 is the party's eighteen to the whole Party and the people throughout the country to make a solemn commitment. Lead the city people out of poverty to become rich go straight towards well-off, Party committees at all levels, political responsibility and mission of the times of the government's major political, technology sector is also the bounden responsibility. Municipal three tenth plenary session made < on the go all out win battle poverty alleviation and development to ensure synchronous completion of a comprehensive well-off society decided >, proposed to further promote the "five a group 110 of" precise action to help the poor, "six precision" and "1 + 6" poverty alleviation projects, clear the "add Great science and technology achievement transformation efforts, accelerate the construction science and technology poverty demonstration village and demonstration households, give full play to the role of modern information network, for the impoverished village poor households to provide production technology, market information, policy advice, encourage scientific and technical personnel to the poor village launched a to one helping and guiding the development of income industrial projects, strengthen technical training and propaganda of popular science, highlighting grasp large breeding, family farmers, agricultural co-operatives are the backbone of the training "technical poverty alleviation mission. The city's science and technology sector must be from the political height, the assault fortified positions that help deficient up as the most important task, the most urgent work. The most arduous mission, to science and technology for precise poverty alleviation promote to speed up a well-off society in an all-round way Decision to deploy, boost the process to precise technology to poverty alleviation and the effectiveness of a well off society in an all round way. One should obey the overall situation. The city's scientific and technological system of cadres and workers, especially leading cadres, should have the political consciousness, ideological conscious action conscious, in accordance with the central, provincial and municipal 111 deployment requirements, to strengthen the organization and leadership, reasonable arrangement of time, carefully study the deployment, to ensure poverty. There must be resolutely implement the political position and character, poverty alleviation and the attitude to be distinctive, poverty alleviation action should be strong, to politics, to understand the overall situation, re implementation, see results. To lock the target. In accordance with the provincial Party committee and the municipal Party committee, municipal government, lock 2 provincial-level General requirements for the completion of the goal of poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation poverty alleviation and Technology Demonstration County, four provincial science and technology demonstration towns, 10 provincial science and technology demonstration village and a municipal science and technology demonstration area, 2 Municipal Science and technology demonstration towns, five municipal science and technology demonstration village and the "five one" precise technology to poverty alleviation and special operations tasks, inverted duration, wall chart battle, set the time, tasks, measures, staff, given the responsibility to ensure high quality precision technology poverty alleviation task. To focus on the key. To focus on precise poverty and accurate out of poverty, detailed measures, clear job responsibilities, to develop targeted and operable precise technology to implement poverty alleviation program. Prominent precise poverty 112 technical training, poor village informatization construction, technology oriented poverty reduction model village and demonstration households construction precision technology poverty alleviation focus, in a precise sense, precise attitude, precise style, go all out to fight the precise technology of poverty alleviation and battle. Three, it is necessary to strengthen science and technology funds supervision as an important means to enhance the quality of the project. Science and technology project fund supervision is the key to the implementation of the project of science and technology. In recent years, especially during the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period, the system of science and technology management in the city vigorously to declare the implementation of the country and province science and technology projects, science and technology demonstration lead brought obvious effect and improve the scientific and technological innovation capability of enterprises, boosting the characteristics and advantages of industrial development, science and technology support to the economic and social leading role improved significantly. In the project management of science and technology, in addition to seriously implement the state, provincial science and technology project management rules and regulations, and the actual Bazhong, established the access system of science and technology projects, the project of science and technology commissioner system, 113 science and technology Project credit system and scientific and technological projects honest commitment system, and the Municipal Finance Bureau jointly issued the > < Bazhong City Science and technology development funds management approach, formulated the "trilogy of seven" science and technology project implementation specification, these are worth fully affirmed. However, we should also see clearly, we in the science and technology project management still exist "account of the special accounts, earmarking system is no effective implementation and other issues. In particular, this year the Audit Commission Chengdu Tepai ban on Bazhong confidence found in the audit of science and technology business incubatorProblem has certain representativeness. The audit to us sounded the alarm, should cause everyone vigilance. Here, I will strengthen science and technology project budget supervision put forward four requirements: a strict project reporting, prevent fraud. Implementation of the project to declare the competition mechanism, the annual financial support to science and technology projects oriented society Bulletin, conditions open content, open competition to declare, open field investigation, public presentations, the public assessment of the decision, do full open and transparent, fair, accept social supervision. To those who resort to deceit or something real is not clear, suspected of defrauding, impersonator national subsidy funds, once found immediately cancel Declaration of qualification, recovery of funds 114 subsidy and discipline in accordance with the law strictly held responsible. Second, we must innovation funds supervision. In county finance to establish science and technology project "account", the project undertaking entity in accordance with the key nodes task completion by formal invoice to apply for funding and audited by the Department of science and technology, the Ministry of finance funds, and resolutely put an end to project funds are retained, misuse and misappropriation. Third, we need to strengthen scientific and technological project supervision. Department in charge of science and technology to strengthen project inspections to check or checks, of ineffective implementation to strengthen the supervision and the existence of violations of responsibility into the project undertaker rectification. To establish a scientific and technological project, "black list" system, the Project implementation quality particularly poor recorded in the "black list", stage or permanent abolition of the applicant country, province, city science and technology project qualification. Fourth, it is necessary to carry out training funds management. Science City Bureau to the initiative to meet with the finance department, organize project unit commitment held science and technology project funds management training, of country, provincial and municipal science and technology project funds management of the relevant policies, financial acceptance specification, mid supervision points, budget review points and key contents were training system, to ensure the use of project funds safe and 115 reasonable. Thank you all! To implement the central, provincial, city and county to make important decision about the grass-roots party construction work in the deployment, push forward the county public security organs in the work of Party building, further strengthen the party secretary of the governing party and party liability, according to < of the Organization Department of CPC Committee of Xuchang County on the issuance of the "counties as well as the authority of Party building debriefing appraisal implementation solutions" notice > requirements, according to the arrangement of the Bureau of the party work. Today, the organization held the county public security organs party secretary grasping grass-roots party construction work in the debriefing will. The implementation of this is a powerful measure to the Secretary of the party organization construction of the party,, and is learning to carry out the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the, grasp the new situation of Party building work under the rules, pushing Public security party building services in the public security center of the inevitable requirement. Just now, the 3 Juzhu unit Party branch secretary of debriefing, below I 116 on the 3 party organization work one by one review. Party branch of the Political Department Good: first, strengthen ideological and political work, pay close attention to the work of the implementation. The Political Department of the Party branch strictly in accordance with the requirements of bureau Party committee, to "strict three real special education as the main line, take effective measures, pay close attention to the ideological and political work of the implementation, strengthen the education of Party members and the police thought, improve the Police Ideological and political consciousness, make a solid foundation for public security work smooth development of health. Second, strict management team, boost the morale of the team. Strict implementation of Police Ideological Trend of periodic analysis, timely grasp the ideological situation of the personnel; strictly implement the system of check on work attendance, strengthen the daily management; cash rewards and punishments, continue to boost the morale of the team. The third is The intensification of police training, improve the police actual combat skill. Seriously and actively carry out a series of training activities and < Henan public security network, > learning activities, the majority of police in the political quality, physical quality, professional quality, policing skills improved. The fourth is to adhere to the 117 preferential treatment from the police, the warm pool police. According to thRequirements, and actively do a good job of personnel management work, to run within the scope of the policy, help the police solve the practical difficulties, the police systemic heart into work. The fifth is strengthening propaganda, promote righteousness. Around the center of the public security work, actively do a good job in the publicity, fully display the spirit of good public security team. Six is to fulfill the responsibility of Party building, do a good job of education and management of Party member team. Sound and perfect "three class", Party of democratic appraisal, commendation and reward system, effectively enhance the branch of the creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity. Shortcomings: is ideological and political work still can not adapt to the new situation, new task, in the form of a single, innovation is not enough, lack of learning education of the appeal and study the effect of education needs to be improved, the political department to strengthen the guidance to the grass-roots units. The second is the branch of organizational life will implement the is not good enough to play an exemplary role. Traffic Police Brigade Party branch 118 System of good practice: one is grasping the implementation of the work of Party building system, enhanced branch team cohesion, combat force. The brigade Party branch always pay close attention to the work of Party building and would not let go, conscientiously perform their duties, strict implementation of democratic life etc., to develop the branch of learning plan, all equipped with learning record the experience and experience the and organize regular inspection learning, ensures that the learning plan, implement, effect. Second is to carry out the "strict three real special education. The development of special education learning scheme, held a party branch focus on learning and the level of consultation forum, deputy director in charge of, brigade leader for the party members and the police on the lectures, deployed to carry out Ban Zicheng throughout the Yan Zhenchang Yang Shuicai to relive the oath to join the party, visit the memorial hall, learning advanced characters, micro lectures attention and learning characteristics of the activities, and to develop measures for rectification. Three is to pay attention to the party building work into the public security work. The brigade Party branch and always will be the work of Party building in 9.3 security, national civilized city re examination, the SCO security meeting, the focus of illegal investigation, "sword", "anti terrorist violence, to ensure safety", "five wave", "camp turn non bus", "detoxification", the focus of the work, in a timely manner to carry out the pre war mobilization, wartime dynamically judged, the 119 post-war award in recognition of a series of measures Members always fighting in the first line of traffic management, all traffic police has always maintained a high state of mind, a strong impetus to the work carried out. Shortcomings: first, there is a "hand hard and soft" phenomenon. Of work of Party building under the new situation is not enough emphasis, focus on light business building, re form light effects. The second is measures are not enough effective. In particular, catch a party to build working innovation consciousness is not strong, measures and methods used in the experience of the old, old practices and effectiveness needs to be further strengthened. The third is three lesson "not very good insist, life of the party organization to carry out less often. Zhao police station Party branch Good practice: one is to strengthen the study and education. To "strict three real special education as an opportunity to take leadership lectures, seminars, individual learning, exchange of experience in various forms, the police organization learning leaders at all levels of the spirit of the important speech, < > in the constitution as well as the side of corruption cases and asked party members and the police carefully recorded study notes, writing experiences, join and pay attention to the micro lectures, 120 according to the control requirements of inspection, enhance their own, to ensure that the learning effect. The second is to strengthen the leadership responsibility. Party branch secretary as the first responsibility of honest government, earnestly implement the" four person ", and insisted on the" important work personally Department Department, major issues personally intervene, personally key aspects of coordination, supervision of important cases personally ", Party branch members always strict demands on themselves, play an exemplary role model. Third, strengthen the service for the people. Every act of the masses for the warm reception, carefully recorded masses anti reflect each a problem, and make the resistancee bureau Party committeeHeart to answer, and constantly improve the quality of service. Combined with the "one village, one police work, police organization carefully touch row all may affect the stability of the unstable factors, resolve conflicts and disputes, and arrange for the police with daily visits, issued security leaflets, collecting sites, personnel information, promote the harmony police. Existing problems: a party branch team party affairs knowledge is not rich enough, on some of the procedural provisions are not familiar with, in a certain extent restricted the work carried out. The second is regular ideological education is not deep enough, the ideological trends of the police command is not timely and accurate. Third, there is a need to 121 improve the management level of refinement, police standardization awareness is not strong enough, daily habit is not quite self-conscious. Since this year, bureau unit Party branch to "strict three real special education as the main line, to the service center, troop construction as the focus, adhere to the combination of ideological building of the party and the system of the party, solid to carry out the comprehensive strictly required, to further standardize the construction of the party organization, continuously improving the quality of Party members and police, continue to strengthen the party building innovation, service building execution significantly improved, has made remarkable achievements. Meeting debriefing of 3 units in the work of Party building problems in other units are also different degrees of existence to other units by the party building debriefing, draw on the experience of face the problem, replicability, careful analysis of rectification, promote the sustained and healthy development of the work of Party building units. Below, to further strengthen the county public security organs party building work stressed the views of five points. One, improve the ideological understanding, enhance the sense of 122 political responsibility and historical mission Follow the basic construction of the party's eighteen years, Xi Jinping, general secretary: the series of important speech to the party put forward many new ideas, new judgment, the new requirements is to promote grass-roots party building work. We should thoroughly study and understand, and consciously assume responsibility. One is to grasp the party building "three questions" of the new requirements. Xi, general secretary of the party's mass line education practice summary of the General Assembly on the proposed the construction of "three questions, namely:" is not the party committees at all levels and the departments of Party committees (party) to achieve the sedulous catch a party to build is not at all levels of Party committee secretary, the Department of the party committees (party) secretary become strictly administering the party secretary? Is not at all levels and all departments of the party Forced the construction of Party committees (party) members to fulfill the responsibilities strictly responsibility? "General Secretary of the party building" three questions ", directed at the crucial point, enlightening, three mirror placed in front of everyone, let you according to a photo, see a look, want to think about the conscious of it, is the three pieces of papers placed in front of us, it is clear to judge ourselves whether in to do their duty. Building" three questions ", urge people to watch, thought-provoking, and 123 convey a strong responsibility to ask signal. The second is to understand the building" three no "new judgment. Xi, general secretary of the party's mass line education practice summary congress pointed out that" history and reality Are accounted for in the police forces of discipline, do not do, is to stop the event tells us, not a clear responsibility to implement the responsibility, accountability, and strictly administering the party is not to ". General Secretary of the" three no ", a clear responsibility to implement the responsibility, accountability, and point out the key. The county public security organs is a team of the Communist Party as the main body, Party members and the vast majority of bureau of belonging to different units of the leadership cadres and backbone of the party members, the power and responsibility are relatively concentrated in the party's construction, must be clear responsibilities, the implementation of responsibility, accountability, or catch a party to build is an empty word. Three is to clear the" three grasping "new initiatives. The total learning book Remember that catch a party to build must grasp the responsibility system, grasping accountability must grab the responsibility person, grasping the responsibility must catch the first responsible person. Why should we let the Bureau unit Party branch secretary of the debriefing is to implement general secretary put forward "3 catch". To seize the party organization's primary responsibility, seize the key issue. 124 Two, the full implementation of the task of ideological construction, the theory of armed tasks implementedGeneral Secretary Xi Jinping in the mass line of educational practice summary congress put forward in the new period party building thought of tasks and requirements, to strengthen the construction of the Party pointed out the direction and path. One is to strengthen theoretical study. The urgent task is to fully understand the study and implement the spirit of the fifth plenary session of the eighth session of the significance of, the organization of Party members and the police through the focus on learning, self-study and special counseling and other forms of serious in-depth learning, adhere to the first step in learning, deep layer, accurately grasp the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and do the thinking and learning gains, use it. The second is to strengthen the party spirit temperance. Adhere to the school party constitution. Through the center of the group learning. Secretary of the party organization about lectures and other forms of learning the party constitution, enlightenment spirit, guide Bureau unit Party branch and all members of the police to firmly establish the consciousness of the party. Persist in learning advanced. Vigorously carry forward the spirit of Jiao Yulu, Yang Shuicai spirit, seriously study the advanced deeds of Comrade Yan Zhenchang, deep fine shine Dusing the police party guided, to strengthen public opinion and public servant consciousness, consciously practice the "strict three real. The third is to 125 strengthen the party and Party discipline education. For the ideological construction of the party faces new tasks, new requirements, the emergence of many new problems, new situations, and actively take the initiative to adapt to the constantly emancipate the mind, innovative ways, making use of the Internet, micro channel, micro Bo new platform for new, enrich the content of education, improve education forms, the constant reminder education, enhance the police Party discipline in awe, guide Party members and the police do political understanding discipline about the rules of the leaders. The fourth is to strengthen the ideological and moral education. Guide the party police exemplary practice the socialist core values, cultivate good political and moral character, professional ethics, family virtue and morality, forming a strong atmosphere of moral construction. Pay attention to strengthen the positive guidance to the police party ideology, adhere to the diversification of the social ideology guided by the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving and perfecting the Party members and the police thought The dynamic analysis of mechanism, providing an ideological guarantee for the purity and firmness of team members. Three, fully implement the strict requirements, the management and administration of the party's responsibility to implement 126 General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that to implement strictly the responsibility, do a good job of Party building as the biggest achievement. Therefore, in my bureau implement comprehensive strictly required must be the party tube responsible party implemented. First, to further implement the responsibility system in Party building. To establish and improve the party building responsibility assessment mechanism, at the beginning of the year to progressively signing party builds working target responsibility book. Party organizations at all levels is mainly responsible for comrades to do a good job of Party building as the greatest achievements, adhere to the development wholeheartedly for, to concentrate its attention on the construction of the party, the party building work is included in the agenda, and business to work with the deployment, with checks, with the implementation of, true to form Party grasping, Secretary to take the lead in efforts, in charge of the leadership Specific catch, catch a, layers of implementation pattern of Party building work. Is to improve the reporting and appraising system. In accordance with the "debriefing the party building, the appraisal rating of Party building, Party building assessment test, use of cadres at request of the party", CF county Party debriefing practice, and constantly improve the annual party built debriefing appraisal system, in particular, to the year debriefing appraisal evaluation and annual comprehensive examination closely together, the party builds the job evaluation results into the leading bodies and leading 127 cadres of the annual comprehensive assessment system, strengthen the use of dynamic management and results of debriefing appraisal work, further enhance the debriefing appraisal of scientific, effective and directive The new integration business. Three is to improve the "three class" system. "Three class" system is to improve the party's organizational life, strict party member education management system, we must do a good job in the implementation and long-term persistence. According to "the party secretary of the organization lectures", "party members and cadres micro lectures and Thematic Party Day activities, innovation" three class "form, rich" three class "content, pay attention to the work of Party building with the public security work, the formation of" the same resonance frequency, the linkage of communion "party organization life situation. At the same time, the" three class "system implementation of join or be admitted to the party organization committee debriefing appraisal of important content, strict grasp the" three class "system Real. Four, strict political discipline and political rules. Guide all Party members and the police in ideological political action always as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping highly consistent, involved in major political principle, political stand, political views and other issues, we must be sober, stand firm. Guide the members of the civilian police to strengthen the sense of 128 organization, determined to do the individual is subordinate to the organization, the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, and the whole party to the Central Committee. Some time ago, I held a party enlarged meeting, focus on adherence to the party's political discipline and political rules of thematic theory study, I at the meeting for the feelings to speak. I understand, party a concept of organization, can not see Party, touch not. According to the materialistic point of view, the material determines consciousness, existence determines consciousness, consciousness is the objective things in the brain to reflect, then, how to prove that the party's existence? Like the current, can not, can not be touched, but through the wire carrier, connect power supply, the electric light, the motor is running, it is proved that the current existence. Similarly, the party is by living every Party member, every Party member, speech and action of the carrier, reflecting party. Party is a whole, in order to normal operation, each party members according to their personality characteristics. Academic knowledge, professional knowledge, hobbies, physical condition, age, work experience, work experience and other comprehensive evaluation, main task of the division of labor and in jointly do a good job in party work, is mainly responsible for the Division I business, then in my division of work, in the Party committee collective discussion by, decision, foreign, on every level of members can to bureau of the party in the name and identity delivered a speech, the organization of 129 work. In specific work, in the higher Party committees have clear provisions of the spirit, in accordance with the spirit of the documents of ranking Party committee, combined with my work of the division of labor, on behalf of the bureau Party committee put forward their views and suggestions. Since Party members according to the higher Party committees to the spirit of the document can be Bureau on behalf of the party organization of work, then the behavior has party authority and seriousness, we should respect them and be with, give support, cannot according to personal preferences, personal understanding and awareness, regardless of the occasion, in broad daylight, in meetings, especially in the lower front of, guilty of liberalism, published the higher Party committees have been expressly prohibited speech, also cannot euphemistically called the personal point of view; regardless of party image and personal image, irresponsible, gossip, just open the river, grumble, grumble about; even, sarcastic ridicule, sarcasm, oblique accusations, make people Hold the most stringent start speech, personal attacks, vent personal grudge; more even, with ulterior motives, ulterior motives; fan Yin breeze, will-o '- the wisp, deliberately and party dissension and discord, rumors spread, the spread of division, and the party and the people, the hearts of the people, the decline of morale. This kind of behavior is the party's discipline are not allowed, from my start, from the members of the Party committee member, once, who despite the party discipline, drunk, behind, the key moment, in 130 violation of the party's political discipline, political rules and wait for the party discipline. We must strictly comply with the implementation of the central and superior party committee has clearly defined, does not allow bargaining, unconditional obedience, unconditional , does not allow a discount, or disguised discount. In addition. We want to strictly enforce the system of democratic life of the party, Party of democratic life, it is necessary to carry out criticism and self-criticism, is between the members of the Party committee of the mutual criticism, remind each other, will not do not speak, gossiping afterwards. Guide Party members and the police strictly request reporting system, regularly party members to execute the political discipline of political rules situation analysis judged and thematic summary, constantly enhance political of the political life of the party, the principle and militancy. Five, comprehensively improve the scientific level of Party building, the task of the party building To enhance the scientific level of the construction of the party is our party according to the worldly affairs, national and the new changes and new challenges of the party put forward the major issue is effective to deal with the four test ", resolve the pressing requirement of" four big risk "is the only way to maintain and develop the party's advanced natuStep is to 131 strengthen the party's cohesion, attraction and the fighting power of the inevitable choice. Under the new situation, it is necessary to apply the law of the ruling party construction of Marxism, according to the basic requirements of maintaining the party's advanced nature, continue to study new situations, solve new problems, sum up new experience, make the party building in scientific orbit continues to advance. One to focus, efforts to lay a solid foundation. Continue to carry out the "two hit" activities, accurately grasp strictly required new rules and characteristics of the work of Party building under, deepening grass-roots increase of basic party organization and Party member quality upgrade plan. Continue to carry out the window units vanguard party post, window model building activities, and continuously Enhance the party members and the police involved in activities to create enthusiasm. Increase of Party organizations and Party members advanced typical advocacy training efforts to become a "sign", "evergreen tree". To broaden the party serving the masses channels, construction of Party members contacting and serving the masses work system, make the Party member to become truly keep in mind the purpose, advanced elements of the heart of the masses. Establish and improve incentives within the party, care, helping mechanism, we do care and love grassroots cadres, old party members, difficult life member. In order to promote the party construction services, continue to carry out "party members and counterpart assistance" live and on-the-job Party member 132 volunteer service activities. Second, we must strengthen management, efforts to enhance the party members Quality, and conscientiously implement < the Communist Party of China the development of Party Work Rules >, adhere to strict standards, rigorous training, strict procedures, strict regulation and control, and continuously improve the quality of Party members, optimize the structure of Party member team. Strengthening of different kinds of police, the classified management of Party members in different positions, through the implementation of target management of Party members, record management, star rating etc. ways to strengthen the education of Party members, management and service work. Adhere to the mass appraisal, solid and effective to carry out members of the public commitment, no post party post duty activities, give full play to the role of Party members. Actively introduce the Internet +, by means of information to strengthen the education and management of the party members and make full use of "Xuchang male Ann party building network "," peace of Xuchang, Communist Party members, Liancheng micro lectures and other network platform to strengthen the education and training of Party members. Three to strict requirements, efforts to improve the party's style of work. To build a first-class units, to create a first-class team, cultivate first-class style, create first-class performance as the goal, combined with learning from the advanced models, and effectively solve the police party in the party spirit, moral character, style and ability 133 existing prominent problems; adhere to the lead austerity, oppose extravagance and waste, and oppose formalism, bureaucratism and seriously practice the "strict three real, establish a good style of work; earnestly implement the" eight insist, eight against ", advocate diligence Excited to learn and apply what they have learned, the heart of the masses, serve the people, grab get right on the job really, and to ensure the effectiveness of, hard work, thrift, the overall situation, curried, develop democracy, solidarity work, impartially and with the right of honesty in politics, life is decent, healthy interest in eight aspects of good atmosphere, promote the county public security organs party political construction has made new achievements. Fourth, it is necessary to produce battle fort effect. Party organizations at all levels to grasp the practical to the center of the public security work service key links, adhere to the completion of difficult and perilous task as the main battlefield of the work of Party building, the more encountered serious incidents, major rescue mission, a major security tasks, the more you want to play the party organization The role of core, and earnestly do a good job before the war mobilization, wartime motivation, war veteran and so, truly party members and cadres to fight to where, the life of the party organization will extend to where, the role of fighting bastion of the party organizations play where, reflecting the party building work to promote and protect the power. 134 Comrades, in the circumstances to promote comprehensive strictly new situation, the Party Central Committee and the Party committee of a higher level of the construction of the party proposed the new, higher requirements, the work of Party building task is arduous, the glorious mission, rare opportunity. Let us to the debriefing meeting as a starting point, in the Bureau of the party's correct leadership, conscientiously study and implement the series of important speech of General Secretary Xi Jinping, spirit and the party's spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth, thoroughly implement the comprehensive strictly required, continue to carry forward the party's fine tradition, hearten spirit, do solid work, the enterprising spirit, selfless dedication, to continue to create the county public security organs of Party building work in the new situation, to maintain social stability to ensure Successful completion of the task,re, also is aPromote public security undertakings flourish, for the construction of a beautiful and happy Xuchang county to make new and greater contributions! Carry out the party building debriefing appraisal work, implement the central and provincial Party committee, the municipal Party committee and comprehensively promote the strictly deployment requirements, implement strictly the responsibility, tamp the foundation of Party Construction of major initiatives. Public security organs as the party's 135 absolute under the leadership of the democratic dictatorship force, as the party and the people in the hands of the "hilt" must to strengthen the work of Party building and walk in the forefront, and make an example. From just four of the Secretary of the party organization debriefing situation, the party organization of debriefing of Party building and ideological work attaches great importance to prepare more fully, in the debriefing process, say achievements do not exaggerate, speak the problem does not cover, emphasize not vanity about rectification, truly realistic. Offer as Political Bureau Director comments, targeted strong, closely with the practical assessment highlights outstanding characteristics, ask clear, point out of the results, points out the problems and points out the pressure. This is not only a debriefing meeting and Party building the responsibility to implement, today the debriefing, to do a good job of new period party building work will play a very good role in promoting. Next, according to the city bureau Party Committee on Party building work on the arrangements, Bai chief commissioned by combining city Bureau of Party building work of new requirements, borrow this opportunity to revisit four points. To improve the ideological understanding, enhance the sense of responsibility and historic mission, the party's eighteen years, Xi Jinping, general secretary Follow the construction of a series of important speech to the party put forward many new ideas, new conclusions and new requirements, the grass-roots party building work. We should thoroughly 136 study and understand, and consciously assume responsibility. One is to grasp the party building "three questions" of the new requirements. Xi, general secretary of the last 10 August, the party's mass line education practice summary of the General Assembly on the proposed the construction of "three questions". That is: "is not the party committees at all levels and the departments of Party committees (party) to achieve the sedulous catch a party to build is not at all levels of Party committee secretary, the departments of Party committees (party) secretary become strictly administering the party secretary? Is not at all levels and all departments of Party committees (party) Forced members to fulfill the responsibilities strictly responsibility? "General Secretary of the party building" three questions ", directed at the crucial point, enlightening, three mirror placed in front of everyone, let you according to a photo, see a look, want to think the self-knowledge; is the three pieces of papers placed in front of us, it is clear to judge ourselves whether the party's construction to do their duty. Building" three questions ", urge people to watch, thought-provoking, and convey a strong responsibility to ask signal. The second is to understand the building" three no "new judgment. Xi, general secretary of the party's mass line education practice summary congress pointed out that" history and reality, especially the Are substantially more than 80% of the discipline to move tells us, clear responsibility, fulfil responsibility, accountability, and strictly administering the party is not to ". 137 General Secretary of the" three no ", clear responsibility, fulfil responsibility, accountability, and point out the key. The city public security organs is a member of Communist Party as the main body of troops and members accounted for total number of civilian police, the Bureau of belonging to various departments of leading cadres and backbone of the party members, the power and responsibility are relatively concentrated in the party's construction, must be clear responsibilities, the implementation of responsibility, accountability, or catch of Party construction is empty. Three is to clear the" three grasping "new initiatives. Xi, general secretary of the strong , catch a party to build must grasp the responsibility system, grasping accountability must catch responsibility, grasping the responsibility must catch the first responsible person. Why should we let Jushu unit party secretary to the party organization at the next higher level debriefing is to implement general secretary put forward "3 catch". To seize the party organization is mainly responsible person, seize the key problem. Second, it is necessary to improve the work of Party building system, the system construction is to strengthen the party building work of public security is an important guarantee. To through the scientific development of the system, improve the system, execution system and make the system become a hard bound, continue to promote the public security work of Party building standardization. One is to further implement the responsibility of Party BuilSystem. It is necessary to 138 establish and improve Party building responsibility assessment mechanism, at the beginning of the year to progressively signing party builds working target responsibility book. Party organizations at all levels is mainly responsible for comrades to do a good job of Party building as the greatest achievements, adhere to the development wholeheartedly for, to concentrate its attention on the construction of the party, the party building work is included in the important process, and business to work with the deployment, with checks, with the implementation of, true to form Party grasping, Secretary to take the lead in efforts, leaders in charge of specific grab, grab a level, layers of implementation pattern of Party building work. The second is improve the debriefing appraisal system. In accordance with the "debriefing the party building, the appraisal rating of Party building, Party building assessment test, the use of cadres at request of the party", the Secretary of the party debriefing contrast do Law, and constantly improve the annual party debriefing appraisal system, especially to the annual debriefing appraisal evaluation and annual comprehensive examination closely together, the party builds the job evaluation results into the leading bodies and leading cadres of the annual comprehensive assessment system, strengthen the use of dynamic management and results of debriefing appraisal work, further enhance the debriefing appraisal of scientific, effective and oriented. Third, improve the "three will be a lesson system." three class system is to improve the life of the party organization, 139 strict management of Party member education system must do a good job in the implementation, insist for a long time. According to the "Secretary of the party organization lectures", "Party cadres Implementation of integrating micro lectures and theme day activities, innovation "three class" form, rich "three class" content, pay attention to the work of Party building with the public security work, the formation of "the same resonance frequency, the linkage of communion" party organization life new situation. At the same time, the "three class" of the implementation of join or be admitted to the party secretary of the organization debriefing appraisal of the important content, strict grasp the "three class" system. To strengthen the education of Party members, improve Party member of party spirit idea and political consciousness. Xi General Secretary profoundly pointed out: "firm ideal and faith are the legal team of political soul must be the ideal and belief education in political and legal team construction of the first , constantly playing firmly hold high the banner, command of the party, loyalty to the mission of the ideological foundation. "The city's public security organs is a with Communist Party members for the disciplined subject, Party members accounted for more than 80% of the total number of civilian police, bureau of belonging to different departments of leading cadres and backbone basically is a party member, do a good job in the construction of Party member team, will seize the fundamental construction of public security team. We must seize the 140 political construction of the police as the core, adhere to the party for public security work absolute leadership this fundamental principle, put the ideal and belief of party spirit education in a more prominent position, to ensure that the Party member troop absolute loyalty, absolutely pure, absolutely reliable. To adhere to the theory of armed, serious organization And adherence to the in-depth study of the majority of Party members and the party's basic theory, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the series of important speech spirit, education of Party members and the party's political discipline and political rules, and consciously in accordance with the party constitution and party political life standards to regulate their own words and deeds, so that discipline, rules, listen to say hello, do in the party party, the party worry about the party, the party for the party, the party retaining the party, and always in the ideological and political action and to Xi Jinping as general secretary of the Central Committee of the party remain highly consistent, consciously do the party's loyal guards of the masses of the people caring people. To build a strong base layer organization, strengthen grass-roots party organization's cohesive force and fighting force. To strengthen the basic level party organization construction Is the key to the target is doing a good job of Party building work of the important basis and guarantee. To optimize the organizational settings. In accordance with the ease of Party members to participate in activities for Party organizations play a role in principle, 141 reasonable norms of the party organization, Party organizations at the grassroots level full coverage, to ensure that each party members into the party organization in Party activities, organization and management, the organization of care, to accept the supervision of the organization, and actively play a role. Second, we must pay close attention to the team construction. Catch team, with the team party building is an important content and basic level party organization team with members shall complete, clear division of labor, responsibility implementation, implementation of post management. With a good team with a strong Party Secretary , to effectively strengthen the Secretary of the party organization is the Party of person of the first responsibility, sense of responsibility, the responsibility system to prevent "party construction task of Party building, Party building work and business two skins" phenomenon. Third, we need to play good battle fort action. Party organizations at all levels to effectively seize as a key link in the center of the public security work service, adhere to thedingTo the completion of difficult and perilous task as the main battlefield of the work of Party building and the encounter major emergencies and major rescue mission, a major security tasks, the more you want to play the core role of Party organizations, and earnestly do a good job in the pre war mobilization, wartime motivation, postwar entitled work truly where the battle of Party members and cadres, the party's organizational life extended to where, the role of fighting bastion of the 142 party organizations play where, reflecting the party building work to promote and protect the power. Comrades, in the circumstances to promote comprehensive strictly new situation, do a good job of public security Party Building work as the task is arduous and glorious mission, hope everyone to firmly establish "a game of chess," thought, put down Real strictly required as the new normal organ of the party's construction, further emancipate the mind, ningxinjuli, do solid work, to maintain social stability, promote social fairness and justice, protect the people live and work, to make new and greater contributions. The accident scene of the accident treatment of XX XX, April 7 to April 11, according to traffic police detachment and the traffic police brigade of the arrangement, I had the honor to participate in the Ministry of Public Security Research Institute held high-end training class, by 5 days of training and learning, I have a deep feeling, learning a lot of new knowledge and to deal with the accident of skills, to learn and work are of great help, we will experience is summed up as follows: first, study the new knowledge, to expand the field of vision. In the research the teacher to explain, we review the < road traffic accident scene drawing >, and emphatically studied at the scene of the real record drawing standards, the graph can reflect the state and each element Full coverage regardless of size, position, give a person to live a more intuitive understanding of the 143 next step accident treatment has a great help. At the same time, I have seen some new accident investigation equipment, such as a new generation of traffic accident scene drawing system, through training, the police can very fast rendering standard site map, data measurement, and in accordance with the Ministry of public security of the standard, and the UAV, the application of UAV camera or camera, from the fundamental solution overview accident photos. Second, on the scene photography basic requirements and accident photographic difference. The scene photography scene is the most objective real reaction. But photographs of the scene taken to ensure objective, comprehensive, timely and clear requirements, this scene photos to assurance its legal effect; the scene photography has also undergone a change by the original photography of orientation and overview of photography, Photo Center, breakdown of the photo, change for range photography, photographic overview, local camera, film element, photography of minutia, than photography, so to photographic content more refined, more specific, the as evidence of a more targeted, more accurate., on site survey extracted traces and field exploration process traces are extracted by the problems and errors. Trace on the scene of the discovery and extraction as a matter of So the scene investigation is an important part of the process, on the analysis of the cause of the accident and the accident are very important role, through the teacher's explanation and analysis them as an expert, from the perspective 144 of identification of traces of the scene points extraction and pointed out the direction for under our own exploration site to extract traces, at the same time, through the teacher's explanation, accidents will produce certain traces, which requires us in the scene of the accident investigation of careful, and not missing any useful to our trace on the scene. On advanced equipment of traffic accident identification, genetic analysis of the role of. I feel the deepest is now home Car safety air bag with something called the airbag module. This is known as "black box" car equipment, has a record of when the speed, whether to take braking, take a few braking and other data, recording, has a very large role for analyzing the cause of the incident, next serious accidents must pay attention to extract such equipment; and escape accidents are common in the general video surveillance on the blurred image, wLicense plate number; shellac, fiber identification, etc. with advanced equipment can make the identification, with the advanced equipment, technical backing, feeling the impartial handling of the each accident and escape detection accident confidence. On the scene of the accident protection. The teacher from three aspects to explain the road traffic accident and law enforcement duty site safety protection: 1, from the level of laws and regulations, Ministry of public security, proceeding from the actual conditions promulgated on the rules and regulations to strictly enforced, which requires each of us a police starting from their own point of view, for their own safety, must not omit any link, don't be afraid of 145 trouble, this is Lists are not qualified for you alone are responsible for the unit is responsible for the family is responsible for; 2. Strengthen on-site protection facilities of the configuration and use, the first to buy and configuration of safety protection equipment, if equipment, but also about what door? Then is another question, equipment, how to use, the teacher of Tianjin accident lesson, because a lot of equipment, is not put into use, resulting in our police due to the lack of timely reminder of the accident, causing us to a number of police casualties; 3, the device is put into use, but also strengthen individual protection skills and teamwork training. In a word, We want to use qualified equipment and abide by laws and regulations, strengthen training of personal skills and teamwork and ensure its own security in the field staff. Through the study of five days of training, an increase of knowledge, learning the something new, strengthen the unit and brother of business flow, also found their own shortcomings, the next step I want to share of Wuxi advanced concepts and colleagues, common learning and common progress, makes the traffic police brigade accident treatment work more on the floor! In recent years, XX city always adhere to a hand grasping the building, a hand grasp the management, and actively explore new mode of Biogas Service, strive to innovate new mechanism for ecological compensation, pay attention to enhance the image of the new energy team, cohesion to 146 create a new bright spot of circular agriculture, biogas in scientific management, comprehensive utilization and achieved certain results. First, the cultivation of new business entities, to explore new mode of follow-up services XX city has been built biogas 11 million households, biogas digesters is "treasure pool, biogas replaced the coal and firewood, become a clean, economic life energy, biogas pool instead of the old cesspool, become to improve the sanitary conditions of important possessions. With the maintenance quantity is increasing year by year, firedamp follow-up service into the long-standing problem. To do a good job of Biogas Service, polish up the brand of "XX model and we guide biogas mechanic established biogas cooperation, energy service companies, such as the model of market main body. Through market service, breakthrough in the past by the government construction, maintenance, a pack in the end of the narrow concept, establish the" who benefits, who management "the correct concept. The main body of the new take innovative service mode, expand service content and other measures, developing biogas service, centralized gas supply pipeline construction and gas charging operation and other aspects of comprehensive 147 management. It not only solves the problem of farm household biogas, and change the follow-up services, but also increases the income of service team. The cultivation of new subjects, to consolidate and improve the service system, the effective establishment of a long-term mechanism of biogas services, to achieve the standardization of the follow-up services, intensive and professional. Two, the introduction of international carbon trading, innovative new mechanism for ecological compensation XX City Xiang Bai Guo centripetal rich is an ordinary farmers biogas, biogas his home with very good results, he is carbon fund project of farmers, this year, the winner of the Netherlands government to pay him thehich can identifyInspired by the introduction of $23, he used this carbon trading income to buy a new gas stove. This is XX household biogas clean development mechanism project is the United Nations first successfully registered household biogas carbon fund project. The project of 4330 household biogas pool, each year to reduce carbon emissions in 7298 tons, carbon emissions trading income of 10 million US dollars, equivalent to RMB 65 million yuan, carbon trading income subsidies to build pool farmer for biogas digesters follow-up maintenance provides ongoing capital investment in carbon fund project, XX City, the implementation of 148 the "gas rewards" project, "whether the normal ignition, gas pressure size, pig herds head number Indicators will biogas digester using effect is good, medium and poor to refine the management and posting the use of farm household biogas, biogas use good farmers reward. Ecological compensation project implementation, increase the income of farmers, mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, increase rate of the use of biogas, at this stage for the implementation of the voluntary emission reduction projects to provide a reference. Three, establish an advanced service model, highlighting the new image of the energy team Repeatedly since the technology of biogas digesters "third built seven in charge, not good will be" a year, two years, three years four years keep frogs. To catch the follow-up service, to catch the team XX City in strengthening the team building process, the emergence of a number of service models and technical experts. Dragon and Phoenix Town Agricultural Service Center of Yuan Liang, is a typical representative. He from 2005 years engaged in gas, ten years as one day, always keep the people of noble sentiment, conscientiously perform their duties conscientiously serve the masses. His advanced deeds of people's daily, the farmer daily, Hubei Daily and other media reported that 2015 was named 149 the provincial labor Model, by the Deputy Secretary of the provincial Party committee Zhang Changer as the new era of Shi Chuanxiang, Yuan Liang with his dedication to the cause of the gas, won the majority of people good reputation. Vigorously promote the typical deeds, strengthen the play. Incentive motivation, the city "for everyone to learn advanced, all vying for the advanced, everyone catch up with and surpass the advanced" has become so rampant, the team has the typical, post a pacesetter, set up the city's rural energy team for the good image of the civil service. Four, to promote the development of circular agriculture, build a comprehensive utilization of a new bright spot Table, an important role in the profound understanding of the ecological "XX" from the ecological agriculture, XX city to biogas development of ecological agriculture, always adhere to the construction of biogas energy line overall circulation agriculture demonstration, in accordance with the "gas into people's homes, free installation, according to the charges, comprehensive utilization" principle, vigorously carry out the centralized gas supply, recycling for the purpose of biogas engineering construction. One is to carry out multi demonstration. The dragon and 150 Phoenix Town, Tun Xiang Bai Guo Xiang, the construction of the biogas engineering as a link to the "pig - biogas - vegetable", "pig - biogas - tea", "pig - biogas - fruit" cycle of agricultural demonstration base, through a variety of experiments and demonstrations, summarize test result And promotion of demonstration experience. The second is to enhance the quality. The city in biogas production and utilization, research and development of "high yield biogas fermentation device and selenium enriched biogas fertilizer production method" is State Intellectual Property Office of the grant of the patent right, to enhance the level of technology of the city of Biogas fertilizer use. The third is to expand the use of the area. According to local conditions, due to implement the strategy, the follow-up services of biogas and biogas comprehensive utilization of organic combination, to solve the "planting no biogas pool", "biogas pool or not in the labor force", practical problems such as "labor without cultivation", let biogas fertilizer was in circulation and utilization. The next step, XX city will in accordance with the provincial, state energy deployment, and further increase the efforts to the construction of biogas project, to accelerate rural biogas to the scale of development, comprehensive utilization and scientific management in the direction of transformation and upgrading, promote the sustainable development of biogas in rural areas. 151 In recent years, under the support and guidance of the provincial rural energy office, the county completed a total of household biogas pool nearly 7 million households, large-scale biogas project 4, small and medium-sized biogas project in 141, rural service outlets 211, subsidies for solar water heater 2340, biomass stove 2300 units, for the development of green agriculture, improve the people's quality of life play great role. In particular, we succeed in biogas purification, high value utilization based on, to further expand the scale, to open up the market, standardized management, to promote the transformation and upgrading of rural biogas project made some active exploration. Our approach to report as follows: One, scale development, play the economic and social benefits of high quality of methane utilization Biogas high-quality exploit inspired new rural of our country's energy market, for installation of gas pipeline engineering of new rural residential demand. Since last year the province's rural biogas high quality using after the spot, we based on the basis, to expand the scale, an ample supply of gas source, to ensure that farmers with adequate quality of bio gas. One is to expand the size of the original base. Last year held a spot of Qianfeng county and in the province of rural energy office, county 152 government support, in the original 30 acres of the project on the basis of, to ratify the new 10 acres of land, according to large scale biogas centralized gas supply engineering construction requirements, invest 100 million yuan to build a 3000m3 volume of anaerobic fermentation tank, the implementation of technical innovation, using carbon steel output pipeline, building to gas 10000m3 above the new holder, and complete the related projects, assurance that have been developed to farmers with the supply of gas, 2016 Spring Festival peak gas during. There have been no interruption in supply, the user of ten Satisfaction. Second is to actively open up new bases. This year, we through the comprehensive deployment of the county government, related to the integration of sector funds, in Pu Zhen Zhang Zhuang Songlin farm, the port town of gold farming cooperatives, plans to build two 2000m3 volume fermentor, copy forward mode, solve environmental pollution, fruit trees fertilizer, life problems with gas. We will also under the support of relevant departments, the forward mode is launched county public security, with conditions in other counties, willingness of biogas engineering base, to assist in the construction of gas compression purification equipment and production and marketing integration mode. At present, Qianfeng company has been declared a biogas purification, compression and canning 10 a number of utility Technology patents, 2 invention patents, has 153 applied for a registered trademark of the striker, and with the equipment manufacturers to improve the equipment stereotypes and production and business license related work. File, identity to access to a wide range of measures to implement a decentralized, and third, we will steadily develop the market, we forward the company together to form a team, the public security county, Nanping, lotus pond gate three town residential area development, joint concentrated propaganda, further mobilize and organize farmers to base inspection, to the user, enhance the perceptual knowledge, so that the majority of users of biomass gas from ignorance, doubt, and the safe, convenient, economical and practical advantages of convinced, blown away. At the same time, begin to rural area market development, Meng Zhen Jin Gang Cun Zha Kou Zhen De Yi Village pilot, the biomass gas supply farmers, let old people's lives improve grades. Popular support, this year, has added 2382 users. In the commercial sector, has also developed more than 10 food and beverage industry users, the amount of gas is equivalent to 500 civilian gas consumption. Two, make an inventory of the stock, to play the role of high quality of the use of Biogas 154 Rectification has been built in the biogas project, the use of mobile integrated compression purification equipment, the nearest gas recovery, the nearest distribution, improve the use of the original biogas project effect, give full play to the role of high quality and revitalize thProvince's rural marsh gas with high quality use after the spot, we organized a special group, on the basis of a full range of investigation and research, and forward the company together on the county's three large and medium-sized anaerobic fermentation tank be renovated and through technical transformation to restore gas production capacity, building integrated mobile compression purified gas recovery equipment, gas recovery at the price of one yuan per cubic meter by striker company recovery. Both sides have certain economic benefits, not only start the utilization of waste fermentation tank, but also saves the cost of new fermentation tank, achieve a win-win results. Transformation of concentrated residential above at the same time, we also the county nearly 20 100m3 volume fermentation tank, technological transformation, the use of forward the company's equipment, so that to make full use of the conditions are ripe for the District, we use small equipment for purification of direct supply, the use of the user directly with clean and high quality raw material gas, deeply welcome. For example, we in Zhang Tian Si Zhen Chang Chun Cun residential area gas investment 155 less than 20 million yuan, to more than 100 users for the natural gas. Through the entire old buildings and building new, one or two years to cover the whole county, and truly let the rural biogas upgrading work implemented, resulting in greater social benefits and economic benefits. Three, comprehensive utilization, to play the key role of biogas project to boost green agriculture Consumptive striker in my county is planting, livestock and poultry, aquatic County, according to statistics, the county pig herds 57 million head, poultry kept caged 9.7 million, large-scale farms and farming district more than 1000, animal manure and sewage emissions 20 million tons, aquaculture and environmental protection pressure. In the county government's support, we have more channels to raise funds, the biogas project near the base of the five towns more than 20 a livestock and poultry farm manure renovation to achieve separation of dry and wet, and each farm road repair, the company and the aquaculture field signed agreement, the implementation of paid service. On the one hand, to solve the environmental pollution problems, to ensure that the livestock and poultry breeding The healthy development of the industry, on the other hand, to ensure the Qianfeng company production of biomass gas raw materials, can effectively reduce the cost. In the treatment of biogas slurry and 156 residue, we equip the a full automatic drip injection and spraying fertilization system, biogas slurry destined for the vegetable fruit base, through the pipe network, the use of automation in process of sprinkler irrigation and achieve small investment, big gains in effect. Combined with biogas centralized supply through the establishment of biogas households, biogas comprehensive utilization demonstration area, fan out from point to area, to expand the scale, give full play to the commercial, biogas fertilizer fertilize the soil effect. Comprehensive utilization of agricultural structure adjustment to construction of biogas as a link, promote aquaculture, driven by planting industry development, and vigorously promote the "pig - Marsh - fruit, pig - Marsh - food, pig - Marsh - Fish" green mode, to create eco brand, organic brand. Over the past two years, we met with Xing Long ecological farm, Dorian vegetable cooperatives and Jin Gang grape base jointly invested more than 30 million, to build three "three natural ponds" comprehensive utilization project pilot, the economic benefit is obvious, vegetable growers of identity And praise. Although we have done some work on the use of biogas in high quality, but according to industry standards and market operation requirements there are many procedures need to complete, we urge the department pay more to give guidance and support, to ensure that rural biogas high-quality 157 use of standardization, scale, standardization and rapidly to the province, and strive to promote the country.e stock. 158