英语基数词和序数词专题

数  词 一、基数词和序数词（cardinal and ordinal numbers）: 基数词示数目，序数词表示顺序。 1. 基数词 （1）1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen；几十-ty做结尾；几十几更易记。 （2）注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的写。 （3）hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似e.g. Hundred: one/ two/several hundred； hundreds of … 成百上千… 2. 序数词： （1）基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，结尾加上-th；一、二、三特数记；八去t，九去e；-ve要用-f替；单词-ty做结尾，变-y为i，再加-eth. （2）注意1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。 二、分数、小数、百分数（fracctions、Decimals、Percentage） 1.分数: 分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，中间的连字号可用不可用。当分子大于1时，作分母的序数词用复数形式。e.g. 二分之一  a/one-half  三分之一 a/one third 四分之一  a/one-fourth  二又五分之一 two and one-fifth 2.小数：     读法：在小数点后，我们单独读出每个数字。小数点读作point。小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o//  e.g. .3  point three    7.145  seven point one four five 36.36  thirty-six point three six 3. 百分数   百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两部分构成。e.g. 20%    twenty percent  47%  forty-seven percent  30.45%  thirty point four five percent 三、日期和年份的表示（date and year）   on May 27 读作：On May (the) twenty-seventh   on 27th May 读作：On the twenty-seventh of May   in 1993 读作：in nineteen thirty-three   in 20ll 读作：in two thousand and eleven 四、时间和钟点表示：   7:15 读作 seven fifteen / a quarter past seven   5:30 读作 five thirty/half past five   6:55 读作 six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven   9:10 读作 nine ten a.m.   at 8:00 读作 at eight 或 at eight o’clock 五、年龄表示：   1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g.       The girl is only three (years old.)   2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was then aged forty(years). “at the age of +基数词”表示“在…岁时”，通常作状语。e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight. 3.“基数词-year-old”的复合形容词，意为“…岁的”，一般作定语修饰名词。e.g. Sandy is a six-year-old child. 4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式：这一结构表示“在某人几十多岁时“。e.g. My grandfathr died in his nineties. teens 表示 “十多岁”（13-19岁）。e.g. The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。 He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。 六、数学运算表达（Arithmetic Expressuib ）   Add 3 and 9.          3 plus 9 equals/is 13   Subtract 3 from 9.      9 minus 3 equals/is 6.   Multiply 3 by 9.        3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9   Divide 9 by 3          9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.   ＋plus(介词)/ －minus (介词) / × multiplied(形容词性质的过去分词) / ÷ divided (形容词性质的过去分词)   ＋add(动词)/ －subtract(动词) / × multiply(动词) / ÷ divide(动词) 【易错点提示】 1. 分数和百分数做主语时，谓语的单复数取决其后面of结构中的名词。注意区别下面两句话：   Two thirds of the apple has gone bad.   Two thirds of the apples have gone bad. 2. 基数词可以用在有连字符的合成形容词中，注意其中的名词前无冠词。e.g. a two-day holiday=two days’ holiday  a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk 有连词符的复合形容词在剧中只能充当定语，不能作表语。 3. 在20世纪30年代：in the 1930s   在30年代：in the 30s   在某人30几岁时：in one’s thirties 4. 注意下面的不同表达方式：   Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth Lesson   Gate Five= The Fifth Gate   Class one/Grade（Two）two=the ninth grade/ page nine/ Room 401/Channel Eight 5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法： Fifth Avenue （序数词前无冠词） 6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法：win first prize (序数词前无冠词) 7. 序数词表示在原来数字的基础上的 “再、又”的用法：   I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one. 8. 一次：once  两次：twice    三次: three times 9. 倍数的表达： （1）“倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than”表示“比……大几倍”e.g.   This rope is three times longer than that one. （2）“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”表示“…是…的几倍”e.g.   It is five times as big as Europe.   The poison of the killer bee is twice as dangerous as the poison of other bees. （3）“倍数+表度量的名词（size,length,width）+of…”表示“…是…的几倍”。e.g.   The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 【真题典藏】 1. Linton is interested in Chinese history and this is his _____ visit to Beijing. (four) (2008年中考第61题) 2. Eric, the _______ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three) (2009年中考题59题) 3.Alex is ______ years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten. （fourth）(2010年中考题58题) 【实战演练】 1.The TV news reported the celebration of the old man’s _______birthday. (hundred ) 2. Could you tell me if you live on the ______floor of that highrise? (twelve) 3. Please open your book at page________. Let’s read the text. (fifth) 4. Her beautiful roses have won prizes ______at the flower shows since last year. (two) 5. (  ) It is reported that about _______ of the tourists went to Hainan in winter holiday.        A. two-threes    B. two-thirds  C. second-three  D. two-third 6. (  ) The artist became well-known _________.       A. in his thirties  B. of thirty  C. about thirty  D. the thirtieth 7. (  ) It’s customary(习俗)for Chinese to celebrate their _____ their birthday with relatives and friends.       A. sixty    B. sixty-year-old  C. sixtieth  D.sixties 8. (  ) Tomorrow we will start for the campsite at ______. Please be on time.       A. clock eight          B. the eight clock  C. eight o’ clock        D. eight clock 9. (  ) The newly built dormitory building is about _______.       A. 30 meters high    B. 30-metre-high  C.30-metres-high    D.30-metre-high 10. (  ) Listen, everyboday! Pansy’s _____ girl is singing a pop song now.       A.eight year old      B. eight-year-old C. eight-years-old    D. eight years old 11. ____ the new books were sold yesterday morning.       A.Hundred of        B. A hundred  C. Two hundreds of  D.Two hundred of 12. ____ People got eye or breathing probems during the fire in Australia this year.       A.Thousand          B. Thousands    C. Thousands of        D. Ten thousands 参考文献 [1] 梁亚丽.红宝书天天翻[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社，2011. [2] 王璟.中考英语高分对策[M].上海：希望出版社，2010. [3] ***.牛津英语8A[M].