心理障碍1

nullnullPsychology Disorder (下)ContentsCompany LogoContentsnulletiology [,i:ti'ɔlədʒi] . [病理] 病因学；[基医] 病原学；致病源 hyperactivity [,haipər'æktiviti]极度活跃 conversion [kən'və:ʃən]转换 delusion [di'lu:ʒən] 妄想；错觉 diathesis [dai'æθisisn. [心理] 素质；素因Company Logonulldissociativea[di'səuʃieitiv] dj. 分离的 amnesia [æm'ni:zjə] n. [医]记忆缺失 hypochondriasis [,haipəukɔn'draiəsis] n. [医] 疑病症 psychopathological['psaikəu,pæθə'lɔdʒikl]精神病理学 schizophrenic [,skidzəu'frenik]n. 精神分裂症的患者adj. 精神分裂症的 Company Logonullundifferentiated [,ʌndifə'renʃieitid] adj. 无差别的；一致的 somatization [,səumətai'zeiʃən]n. [内科] [心理] 躯体化（精神经验及状态变为躯体症状） somatoform disorders： 躯体形式障碍 ；身体型疾患 ；身体疾患 stigma ['stiɡmə] n. 污名；耻辱；烙印；特征 Company Logonulldisorganized [dis'ɔ:ɡənaizd] adj. 紊乱的  catatonic [,kætə‘tɔnik] n. 紧张性精神症患者adj. 紧张性精神症的 paranoid ['pærənɔid]妄想的 adj. 类似妄想狂的；属于偏执狂的 residual [ri'zidjuəl, -dʒu-] . 剩余；残渣 hallucination [hə,lu:si'neiʃən] n. 幻觉，幻想 Company Logonullautistic [ɔ:'tistik]adj. [心理]孤独症的；孤僻的n. 孤独症患者（常指儿童） Company LogoPersonality DisordersCompany LogoPersonality DisordersA personality disorder a chronic, inflexible, maladaptive pattern of perceiving, thinking, or behaving. impair the individual’s ability to function and can cause significant distress.Personality DisordersPersonality DisordersCompany LogoTen types into three clustersPersonality DisordersPersonality DisordersControversial Same behaviors contribute to different disorders The relationship between normal and abnormal Example borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder Company Logoborderline personality disorderCompany Logoborderline personality disorderborderline personality disorderCompany Logoborderline personality disorderGenetic contribution MZ(35.3%) and DZ(6.7%)causesEnvironment factor Early trauma(73.9% 5.5%)Antisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder: A long-standing pattern of irresponsible or unlawful behavior that violates established social norms. They often do not feel shame or remorse for their hurtful behaviors. This begins early in life. Comorbid with other pathologies(病理) Company LogoAntisocial personality disorderCompany LogoAntisocial personality disorderGenetic contribution 3687pairs twinscausesEnvironment factor parenting practicesAntisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorderDSM-IV criteria 742 Reported on Parental Bonding Instrument parental showed caring for the child parents restricted the child’s behavior parents allowed the child psychological freedom Company LogoAntisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorderCompany Logosomatoform(躯体形式障碍)somatoform(躯体形式障碍) Somatoform： Individuals experience physical ailments(小病，不安) that have no adequate medical explanation.Company Logosomatoform(躯体形式障碍)Company Logosomatoform(躯体形式障碍)somatoform(躯体形式障碍)somatoform(躯体形式障碍)Company Logosomatoform(躯体形式障碍)somatoform(躯体形式障碍) Causes: Neuroimaging techniques Cognitive processesCompany LogoDissociative Disorders（分离性障碍）Dissociative Disorders（分离性障碍）disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness dissociative disorders with individual giving up consistency and continuity of the self escapes from his or her conflicts Company LogoDissociative Disorders（分离性障碍）Dissociative Disorders（分离性障碍） Dissociative amnesia（分离性遗忘） Dissociative identity disorder（分离性身份识别障碍）Company LogonullCompany LogoDissociative identity disorderDissociative identity disorderformerly known as multiple personality disorder a dissociative mental disorder in which two or more distinct personalities exist within the same individualCompany LogoDissociative identity disorderDissociative identity disorderCause: Beaten,lockedup,or abandoned by were supposed to love them Fled their terror symbolically through dissociation to protect their ego Typically ,report severely abused physically or sexually by parents,relative,or close friends fore extended periods during childhood Company Logo Schizophrenic Disorders（精神分裂症） Schizophrenic Disorders（精神分裂症） Schizophrenic Disorders: a severe form of psychopathology in which personality disintegrate thought and perception are distorted, and emotions are blunted(迟钝)Company LogoSchizophrenic Disorders（精神分裂症）Schizophrenic Disorders（精神分裂症）1. Hallucinations occur often, and are assumed real. 2. Delusions, false or irrational beliefs maintained regardless of evidence to the contrary, are common 3. Other manifestations Company LogoSchizophrenic Disorders（精神分裂症）Schizophrenic Disorders（精神分裂症） Categories of symptoms a) Positive symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, incoherence, and disorganized behavior are prominent during the acute or active phases. b) Negative symptoms: social withdrawal and flattened emotions become more apparent during the chronic phase Company LogonullCompany LogoMajor types of SchizophrenicMajor types of Schizophrenic Disorganized type（紊乱型） Individual displays inappropriate behavior and emotions, incoherent language. Company LogoMajor types of SchizophrenicMajor types of SchizophrenicCatatonic type紧张型 Individual displays frozen, rigid, or excitable motor behavior a) Major feature is disruption in motor activity b) Also characterized by extreme negativism and resistance to all instructions. Company LogoMajor types of SchizophrenicMajor types of SchizophrenicParanoid type（偏执型） Manifestations include: a) Delusions of persecution（被害妄想） b) Delusions of grandeur（夸大妄想） c) Delusional jealousy（嫉妒妄想） Company LogoMajor types of SchizophrenicMajor types of Schizophrenic Undifferentiated type（未定型） Mixed set of symptoms with thought disorders and features from other typeCompany LogoMajor types of SchizophrenicMajor types of Schizophrenic Residual type（残留型） Free from major symptoms but evidence from minor symptoms of continuation of the disorderCompany LogoCause of schizophreniaCause of schizophreniaCompany LogoGenetic approachesCause of schizophreniaCause of schizophreniaCompany LogoCause of schizophreniaCause of schizophreniaCompany LogoBrain function and Biological markers Ventricle(脑室) Frontal lobes of the brain biological markers Family interaction as environmentalnullCompany LogonullCompany LogoPsychological disorders of childhoodPsychological disorders of childhoodCompany Logoattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder A degree of inattention Hyperactivity-impulsivityPsychological disorders of childhoodPsychological disorders of childhoodAutistic disorder Severe disruption in their ability to form social bonds Delayed and limited development of spoken language Narrow interests Repetitive and ritualistic behaviorCompany LogoThe stigma of mental illnessThe stigma of mental illnessCompany LogoTreatment for psychological disorders brings about positive The stigma associated with mental illness has a negative impact on qualityReview contentReview content Personality disordersCompany LogoBorderline and antisocial personality disorderSomatoform and dissociative disorderSchizophrenic disorderPsychological disorder of childhoodThe stigma of mental illness心理学电影心理学电影《充气娃娃之恋》Lars and the Real Girl (2007) 心理学看点：孤僻症，妄想症 《钢琴教师》La Pianiste (2001） 心理学看点：继《蓝丝绒》以后最卓越的性心理变态电影杰作 《美丽心灵》A Beautiful Mind (2001) 2002奥斯卡最佳影片 心理学看点：妄想型精神分裂症，以及爱在精分治疗中起到的决定性作用 《灵异第六感》(The Sixth Sense (1999) 2000奥斯卡提名 《爱德华医生》精神分析疗法 《心理医生》讲述多种病症。Company Logonull