心理学疗法

nullTherapies for psychological disordersTherapies for psychological disorders应用心理学 李静静ContentsContentsnullhumanistic [ֽhju:mə'nistik] 人本主义的，人道主义的 bewildering [bi'wildəriŋ] 令人迷惑的，令人产生混乱的 retreat [ri'tri:t] 撤退，后退，逃避 client-centered therapy 以人为中心疗法 self-actualize ['æktʃuəlaiz] 自我实现 Incongruence [in'kɔŋɡruəns] 不一致；不协调 gestalt [ɡə'ʃtɑ:lt] therapy 格式塔疗法 existentialist [ֽeɡzis'tenʃəlist] approaches 存在主义疗法 nullauthentic [ɔ:'θentik] 真正的；真实的；可信的 group therapies 团体疗法 couples counseling 夫妻咨询 family therapy 家庭疗法 support groups 支持小组 restate[ֽri:'steit] 重申；复述 Humanistic therapiesHumanistic therapiesCore concept:a whole person in the continual process of changing and of becoming. origin :freedom to choose&resonsibility Hitory :existentialist apporches Major branches : Client-centered therapy& Gestalt therapyClient-centered therapyClient-centered therapyRepresentative Men: Carl Rogers Assumption All people share the basic tendency to self-actualize—to relaize their potential Task Help remove barriers that limit the expression of this natural positive tendencynullStrategy — positive relationship Recognize,accept and clarify a client’s feeling supportive&restate Sincerity &Trustworthiness Unconditional positive regard Nondirective &unconditional acceptance  Experience the client’s feelings Gestalt therapyGestalt therapyRepresentative Men: Fritz Pritz& Laura Ponsner Perls Assumption Figures&backgroud Task express pent-up feelings recognize unfinished business from past conflictsnullKey terms Gestalt Field theory Process of forming figures Self-regulation of the organism Right here&Right now unfinished business contact energy nullStrages Empty-chair Making the rounds Reversal technique Rehearsal exercise Exaggeration exercise Staying with the feeling Gestalt approach to dream Work null Group therapies 1. Family therapy 2. Marital therapy 3. Support groupsFamily therapyFamily therapyDefinition: a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and deve- lopment. Focus family relationships Psychological spaces Interpersonal dynamics null开往春天的地铁null我们相识在一个有着灿烂阳光的午后，弥漫着芬芳的夏日香气，一如我们的欢快幸福null记得当时恋情浓，你爱谈天我爱笑，即使偶尔分开，也会诉说对彼此无尽的思念null今天，我要嫁给你，因为有你，我成为了最美的新娘null婚后的我们，一如既往的幸福着，在咖啡中品味生活的芬芳null那时的我们，彼此就是对方的全部null突然有一天，什么都变了，我们不再那么无话不谈，甚至睡觉的时候也会习惯性的背对背null我们开始变得无法相处，终于……null哭过、闹过之后，却依旧如此，也许，我们不适合吧？可是我还爱他/她，我该怎么办？null没那么糟糕，婚姻疗法为您带来曙光， 让我们爱情的地铁继续前进， 原来最适合我的人还是你婚姻疗法Marital therapyMarital therapyDefinition: Marital therapy is a treatment designed to help improve a marriage by increasing communication and understanding between married partners. Target :help married couples through any situation that comes up in a marriage. Infidelity, boredom, lack of desire, abuse, or problems with children couples in crisis & happy couples Marital therapyMarital therapy Basic Principles Active principles Balance principle Neutral principle Adjustment principle Not arranged principleMethod Review the facts General method Mutual relations Psychological analysis Behavior therapy nullSupport groupsTraumas Physical& mental disordersAddictive behaviorLife transition AA-alcoholics anonymous Basic categoriesnullnullLess expensiveSmall help moreSocial supportpoweradvantagesGroup therapiesThe power of the group settingThe power of the group settingLess threatening situation Use group processes to influence individual Observe&practice personal skills An anlogue of the primary family group Dipel pluralistic ignorance nullBiomedical therapiesPsycho- surgeryECTDrug therapynullpsychosurgery[ֽpsaikəu'sə:dʒəri]精神外科学（外科手术） lithium['liθiəm] salts 锂盐 antianxiety[ֽæntiæŋ'zaiəti] drugs 抗焦虑药物 GABA['ɡæbə] γ-氨基丁酸 prefrontanl lobotomy[ləu'bɔtəmi] 额叶切断术 antipsychotic[ֽæntisai'kɔtik]drugs 抗精神病药物 clozapine [kləuzi'pain]氯氮平 electroconvulsive[iֽlektrəukən'vʌlsiv] therapy 电刺激（点痉挛）疗法 null tardive['tɑ:div] dyskinesia[ֽdiskai'ni:ziə] 迟发性运动障碍 psychopharmacology['psaikəuֽfɑ:mə'kɔlədʒi] 心理药理学 antidepressant[ֽæntidi'presənt] drugs 抗抑郁药物 prozac['prəuzæk] 百忧解 meta-analysis [ֽmetəə'nælisis] 元分析 barbiturate[ֽbɑ:'bitjurət] 巴比妥酸盐 nullplacebo[plə'si:bəu] therapy 安慰剂疗法 reuptake [ri:'ʌpteik] 再摄取；再吸收 valium['veiliəm] 安定 MAO[mau] inhibitors[in'hibitə]单胺氧化酶抑制剂 spontaneous-remission effect 心理障碍自动消除效应 paradigm['pærədim] 范式；范例 teriary ['teriəri] 第三的 PsychosurgeryPsychosurgeryPsychosurgery is the general term for surgical procedures performed on brain tissue to alleviate psychological disorders Corpus callosum—epilepsy Amygdalotomy—mediate limbic system Prefrontal lobotomy Egas Monizschizophrenia、compulsive、anxiety-riddenECTECTECT(electroconvulsive therapy)is the use of electric shock applied to treat psychiatric disor-ders such as schizophrenia,mania , and,most often,depression.Procdure: barbituate and muscle relaxant ↓ weak electric current in temples ↓ convulsion Advantages: works quickly(three or four days) Disadvantages: lack of how it works side effects temporary disorientation&memory deficits Unilateral ECT rTMS ：Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(ECT alternative to ) Drug therapyDrug therapyBegin in 1953 Psychopharmacology The branch of psychology that investigates the effects of drugs on behavior Profound effects Three main categoriesnullGADnullTreatment evaluationTreatment evaluationEvaluating therapeutic effectiveness Hans Eysenck`s furor Control groups Placebo therapy ↓ meta-analysis (treats the experiments like paticipants) nullNow How it works Whether any one treatment is most effective for any paticular problem and for certain types of patientsPrevention strategiesPrevention strategiesPrimary prevention prevent a condition before it begins Secondary prevention limit the duration and severity of a disorder when it has begun Tertiary prevention limit the long-term impact of a psychological disorder by seeking to prevent a relapse Preventing a problem is the best solutionParadigm shiftsParadigm shiftsSuppliment —— prevention shift ——medical model →public health model Focusing on —— situations and ecolgies Looking for —— precipitating factorsnullHumanistic therapiesRepres-entativeTarget& relationsstrategyRepres-entativeTarget& relationsstrategy client-centered therapygestalt therapyGroup therapyGroup therapyDefinition Tagert Priciples Method Origin Categories Examples Matital therapyFamily therapySupport groupsDefinition FocusnullBiomedical therapiesPsycho- surgeryECTDrug therapynullPrevention Strategies shift Evaluation Meta-analysis Now Evaluation& preventionnull