常用例证素材搜集
本材料非原创,为网络搜集。
名人生平
Bill Gates When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not
care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped
out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft.
Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good
opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University. However, with size
comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating
systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the
biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest
man in the world.
Thomas Edison We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Alva
Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor
to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his
inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but
evolved slowly from previous works.
Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of
her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the
name "Saint of the Gutters." The devotion towards the poor won her
respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She
founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta,
India dedicated to serving the poor. Almost 50 years later, the
Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000
in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.
Diana Spencer Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales, is remembered and respected
by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and
charitable activities than for her technical skills.
Nelson Mandela Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president,
was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and
antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political
leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the
fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace
Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in
1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has
been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in
the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of
South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the
nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered
everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial
equality.
Beethoven Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and
was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him
from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art
history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several
senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic
composition.
George Bush On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of
Operation Desert Storm, a massive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq
in the Persian Gulf.
In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S. troops into Somalia, a nation devastated
by drought and civil war. The peacekeeping mission would prove the most
disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in
1993.
Jimmy Carter
President Carter's policy of placing human rights records at the forefront
of America's relationships with other nations contributed to a cooling of
Cold War relations in the late 1970s.
In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized
emigration out of Cuba by the country's citizens. The United States
welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence
suggested that Castro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons.
Neville
Chamberlain
In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with
Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi
conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, "peace in our time."
Eleven months after the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the
peace in Europe by invading Poland. A solemn Chamberlain had no
choice but to declare war, and World War II began in Europe.
Winston Churchill In the early 1930s, Conservative M.P. Winston Churchill issued unheeded
warnings of the threat of Nazi aggression from his seat on a House of
Commons backbench.
With German tanks racing across France, Churchill spoke to the British
people for the first time as prime minister, and pledged a struggle to the
last breath against Nazi conquest and oppression.
In the summer of 1940, the democracies of continental Europe fell to
Germany one by one, leaving Great Britain alone in its resistance to Adolf
Hitler. The Nazi leader was confident that victory against Britain would
come soon, but Churchill prophesied otherwise, telling his countrymen
that the Battle of Britain would be "their finest hour."
Bill Clinton
In 1994, President Clinton authorized a military operation to overthrow
Haiti's military dictators and restore its democratically elected leader. On
the eve of invasion, bloodshed was prevented when former president
Jimmy Carter brokered an agreement with Haiti's leaders in which they
pledged to give up power.
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
On June 5, 1944, the supreme Allied commander ordered commencement
of the D-Day invasion, the largest combined sea, air, and land military
operation in history. Eisenhower told the 3 million men of the Allied
Expeditionary Force, "The eyes of the world are upon you!"
In 1956, Israel, Britain, and France invaded Egypt in protest of its
nationalization of the Suez Canal. The U.S.S.R. and the United States,
both vying for greater influence in the Middle East, forced the three
nations to end their occupation of the strategic canal.
Princesses
Elizabeth and
Margaret
During the Battle of Britain, the children of King George VI delivered a
radio address to British children who had been evacuated abroad.
Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, like their parents, weathered the dark
days of World War II in Britain.
Gerald Ford Nine days before the fall of Saigon, President Ford spoke on the
resignation of South Vietnamese President Thieu. Soon after, the United
States launched a massive helicopter evacuation of tens of thousands of
anticommunist South Vietnamese and the last few Americans remaining
in the country.
Mohandas Gandhi
In 1931, Gandhi, the political and spiritual leader of the Indian
independence movement, was released from prison to attend the London
Round Table Conference on India as the sole representative of the Indian
National Congress.
Gorbachev As leader of the U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev was a great force for peace,
even at the cost of the Soviet government's downfall after 74 years in
power.
Adolf Hitler
A few days before his occupation of the Sudetenland, a confident Hitler
addressed a Nazi rally at Berlin's Sportpalast stadium, and reassured the
crowd that if war came with Britain and France the German Wehrmacht
would be victorious.
Pope John Paul II In 1995, the pope addressed the United Nations on the occasion of its 50th
anniversary. Reaffirming his support of the ideals and goals of the U.N.,
he praised the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called for the
U.N. to become the moral center of a family of nations.
Nikita Khrushchev
and Richard Nixon
In a defining moment of the Cold War, Vice President Nixon and Soviet
leader Khrushchev engaged in an impromptu debate about the merits and
disadvantages of capitalism and communism. The exchange, which took
place in Moscow in front of a replica of a suburban American kitchen, was
known as the "Kitchen Debate."
Douglas
MacArthur
On September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the most
destructive war in human history officially came to an end as
representatives of the Japanese government and military signed their
country's unconditional surrender.
After clashing with President Truman over war policy, MacArthur was
relieved of his command of U.N. forces in Korea and returned to the U.S.
for the first time since before World War II. Given a hero's welcome, he
addressed a joint meeting of Congress, where he declared, "Old soldiers
never die, they just fade away."
Richard Nixon
In 1973, after five years of talks, the United States and North Vietnam
reached a peace agreement to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Two
years later, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese forces and Vietnam was
unified under Communist rule.
Ronald Reagan In 1984, Reagan called for an international ban on chemical weapons. Six
years later, President Bush and Soviet leader Gorbachev would sign a
historic agreement to cease production and begin destruction of both
nations' sizable reserves.
In 1987, during a visit to Berlin, the president made a dramatic plea to
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down" the Berlin Wall. Two
years later, Berliners would do so on their own accord.
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
The day after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt
addressed a joint session of Congress, and proclaimed December 7 "a date
which will live in infamy." With only one dissent, Congress granted his
request for an official declaration of war against Japan.
Two months before his death, Roosevelt met Winston Churchill and
Joseph Stalin for the last time at Yalta in the U.S.S.R. The "Big Three"
leaders discussed military considerations in the war against Germany and
Japan, and compromised on their visions of the postwar world order.
Tito
In 1963, Tito, the independent-minded communist leader of Yugoslavia
since 1945, visited the United States during a tour of the Americas.
Harry Truman
Three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, President Truman warned
Japan of further atomic attacks until it surrendered. When no answer
came, he authorized the dropping of a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki.
Six days later, Japan surrendered.
In 1949, Truman signed the North Atlantic Treaty with 10 European
nations and Canada--establishing the NATO military alliance.
Columbus It took Columbus, the Italian explorer in the service of Spain who
determined that the earth is round, over 3 months to sail from Europe to
America. However, we can do so by air within one day.
Rabbi Meir
Rabbi Meir, a second-century scholar, admonished his disciples to look
not at the pitcher but as its contents because, he stated “Many a new
pitcher has been found to be full of old wine.” This was his way of
emphasizing the importance of the distinction between form and idea, and
of stressing that the integrity of an idea is more important than the form of
its expression.
达尔文
The theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of
human history.
When Darwin published his famous On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection, members of the religious community, as well as some
scientific peers, were outraged and protested. However, Darwin's idea was
eventually accepted and had drastically changed our perception of the
world and of our place in it.(原文)
Hundreds of years ago, people were confused with the complexity of
different species of the world, and believed that species were created by
the mysterious God. However, Darwin did not believe so. After several
years' study, he eventually demonstrated that species, however complex
seemingly, all evolved by natural selection from simple and preliminary
conditions. Darwin's theory revealed the simple principle of the world, and
thus became a revolution of human beings.(复杂理论的简单性)
For example, when Darwin published his famous research results "Origin
of Species", the book encountered lots of controversies. On the one hand,
the members of the religious community, as well as some scientific peers,
stubbornly held their belief that each organism and each adaptation was
the work of the creator, and were outraged about Darwin’s ideas. On the
other hand, some insightful scientists tended to acknowledge Darwin'
researches. Eventually the theory of evolution defeated the traditional
belief, and now is reverenced as one of the greatest intellectual revolutions
of human history.(个人不被时代承认)
布鲁诺
In Bruno's era, the religious community was in charge of the social
thinking, and many people believed that the earth was the center of the
universe. Regardless of a long period of imprisonment, Bruno claimed that
the universe is infinite, which outraged the religious community, and
Bruno was sentenced to death eventually.
Stephen Hawking
Hawking is certainly the most famous physicist in history who has not
won the Nobel Prize. This is because the Swedish Royal Academy
demands that an award-winning discovery must be supported by verifiable
experimental or observational evidence. Hawking's work, to date, remains
unproved.(没有获得过诺贝尔奖,诺贝尔奖需要证实理论才可以)
Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one
particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around black holes
and at the beginning of time. The idea that the universe had a specific time
of origin has been philosophically resisted by some very distinguished
scientists.(霍金受到过反对)
Hawking is probably the most famous living scientist. His book, A Brief
History of Time, is available in paperback and has sold in excess of 10
million copies(传播自己的思想)
贝多芬
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was one of the greatest, if not the
greatest, composer to ever live. Most people are familiar with a few of his
works, if nothing more than the beginning of the Fifth Symphony, the
Finale of the Ninth Symphony and the "Moonlight" Sonata.(简介)
Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and
was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him
from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art
history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several
senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic
composition.(耳朵失聪坚持创作)
The fourth movement of his Ninth Symphony is a setting of Schiller's
poem Ode to Joy, an optimistic hymn championing the brotherhood of
humanity.
Beethoven, one of the greatest composers and musicians, created many
symphonies. Astonishingly, he produced his most famous symphony,
Chorus, with complete deafness. How could he manage it? It must be the
prominent imagination that stimulated him to struggle and thrive, thus he
can even listen in spite of no hearings.(兴趣的作用)
When his finale of Ninth Symphonies, Chorus, was played, the audience
were deeply moved and clapped for his greatness for five times until the
police stopped them.*(被承认)
When Beethoven had no idea about the finale of his symphonies, he was
suddenly struck by the "Ode to Joy" by Schiller. Inspired from the hymn
championing the brotherhood of humanity, Beethoven' heart was fraught
of passion and courage, regardless of his entire deafness. Eventually,
when Beethoven completed his great works, Chorus, and had it played in
the concert, all the audience were completely attracted and moved by the
striking and passionate symphony, and acclaimed even five times in
reverence of Beethoven.(交叉的作用)
达芬奇
Leonardo da Vinci trained as a painter during the Renaissance and became
a true master of the craft. His amazing powers of observation and skill as
an illustrator enabled him to notice and recreate the effects he saw in
nature, and added a special liveliness to his portraits.(简介)
He had a keen eye and quick mind that led him to make important
scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas.
He was a gentle vegetarian who loved animals and despised war, yet he
worked as a military engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. He
was one of the greatest painters of the Italian Renaissance, yet he left only
a handful of completed paintings.(通才)
All in all, Leonardo believed that the artist must know not just the rules of
perspective, but all the laws of nature. The eye, he believed, was the
perfect instrument for learning these laws, and the artist the perfect person
to illustrate them.(艺术家创造的源泉)
Even a master like Leonardo was forced to sell out in order to support
himself(也有穷的时候)
康德
It's extremely hard and obscure. This is because its ideas are radical and
difficult, and because Kant is a careful philosopher. recognize this book as
what it is - one of the most important contributions to a scholarly field
ever. They're for specialists and scholars, and are written in a language
that is appropriately technical to that task.(简介)
Kant, the founder of classical mentalism, wrote his great work The
Critique of Pure Reason quite obscurely, and even the most outstanding
contemporary philosophers would not be able to understand it. However,
the book is now acknowledged as the prerequisite books for those who
major in philosophy. (难懂的作品也会得到承认)
莫奈
Monet's famous work "Impression: Sunrise" was not understood initially,
since it seems peculiar for a large amount of blue was used as the major
color for sunlight. However, this work eventually earned its reputation and
had led to the name for impressionism.(难懂的作品也会得到承认)
Monet did not find acclaim and wealth to later in his life and at times
suffered through extreme poverty. Success also allowed him some degree
of freedom in his work.(艺术家很贫穷)
生物&医学
1348:
Black Plague
The bubonic plague killed one third of Europe's population between 1348
and1350, making it the most deadly epidemic since the sixth century.
With no cure available, and no clue as to what caused the disease,
many believed it was God's punishment for sinful behavior. The plague
had a massive effect on every aspect of society: serfs were freed, the labor
force was decimated, and cultivation of food ceased. Doctors were forced
to think of medicine in a new way, leading to the rise of the scientific
theory.
1628: Harvey
discovers
circulatory system
Dr. William Harvey, an English physician, made medical history when he
published his discovery that blood, driven by the pumping of the heart, is
constantly on the move throughout the human body. This disproved the
previous medical wisdom that the heart's main purpose was to keep blood
warm.
1882:
Germs proven to
cause disease
In 1864, Louis Pasteur amazed the scientific community by proving that
microorganisms live in the air. Years later, German scientist Robert Koch
announced his findings that specific microorganisms can be linked to
specific diseases in what is now known as the "germ theory of disease."
His discovery instantly improved physicians' ability to diagnose and treat
patients, as well as expanding human understanding of cleanliness as a
means to prevent disease.
1928:
Fleming discovers
penicillin
Scottish physician Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered the ability
of molds to destroy sickness–causing bacteria, when he noticed that mold
growing on a staphylococcus culture had killed parts of the culture.
Penicillin, the antibiotic derived from mold, allows doctors to easily treat
patients for a variety of ailments previously considered incurable,
including pneumonia, tetanus, gangrene, and scarlet fever as well as mo