电子信息工程专业英语翻译练习

1、Digital networks may consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user. An analogue network may consist of one or more switches that establish a connection between two or more users. 数字网络由一个或多个路由器组成，路由器把数据发送给恰当的用户。模拟网络由一个或多个交换器组成，交换器在两个或多个用户间建立连接。 2、The EDA tools allow two tasks to be performed: synthesis, in other words the translation of a specification into an actual implementation of the design: and simulation, in which the specification or the detailed implementation can be exercised in order to verify correct operation. EDA工具可以完成两类任务：综合和模拟。综合是将设计指标转化为实际的设计实现，而模拟是对设计指标或详细的实现进行“演习”，以确保其运行正确。 3、DSP can be divided into two categories, fixed point and floating point. These refer to the format used to store and manipulate numbers within the devices. Fixed point DSPs usually represent each number with a minimum of 16 bits; floating point DSPs typically use a minimum of 32 bits to store each value. 数字信号处理器可以分成定点和浮点。定点和浮点指的是器件内用于存储和操作数据的模式。定点数字信号处理器通常最少用16位表示每个数据，典型的浮点数字信号处理器用最少32位存储每个数值。 4、The area served by mobile phone systems is divided into small areas known as cells. Each cell contains a base station that communicates with mobiles in the cell by transmitting and receiving signals on radio links. The transmission from the base station to a mobile is typically referred to as forwardlink, or downlink. The corresponding terms for the transmission from a mobile to the base are reverse-link, and uplink. Each base station is associated with a mobile switching center that connects calls to and the base to mobiles in other cells and the public switched telephone network. 移动电话系统的服务区域被成为“蜂窝”的小区。每个蜂窝中都有一个通过无线链路发送/接收信号和蜂窝内移动用户进行通信的基站。从基站向一个移动用户发送信号被称为前向链路或下行链路。从移动用户向基站发送信号被称为反向链路或上行链路。每个基站都和移动交换中心联络，移动交换中心将来往于基站的呼叫和其他蜂窝的移动用户、公共交换电话连接起来。 5.In practice，the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize error. 实际上，所选择的层的厚度通常是介于可最大限度提高分辨率所需要的薄层与可使误差最小的厚层之间的折中值。 6. Warping stretches or re-shapes an object in an image, while morphing transforms one image into another. These transformations may be accomplished by marking control points, control lines, or triangles in source image and choosing their new positions in a destination image. The transition between source and destination images is the accomplished by smoothly transforming not only the control element locations, but also their colors. T he locations and colors of pixels not explicitly marked as control elements are determined by the locations and colors of the control elements that are nearest. 扭曲是对图象中的物体进行拉伸或重塑，而变态是将一副图象变换成另一副图象。这中变换的实现过程是：在源图象中标记控制点、控制线或控制三角，并为这些控制点、控制线和控制三角选择其在目的图象中的新位置。然后，通过对控制元素位置及颜色进行平滑变换，实现两副图象之间的转换。那些没有明确标为控制元素的像素的位置、颜色由离其最近的控制元素的位置和颜色来确定。 7.Two basic types of signals will be considered: continuous-time signals and discrete-time signals. In the case of continuous-time signals the independent variable is continuous, and thus these signals are defined for a continuum of values of the independent variable. On the other hand, discrete-time signals are defined only at discrete times, for these signals, the independent variable takes on only a discrete set of values 信号可以分为两种基本类型：连续时间信号和离散时间信号。连续时间信号的自变量是联系的，因此，这些信号定义为自变量的值是连续的一类信号。另一方面，离散时间信号自定义自变量是离散时刻的信号，这些信号的自变量只取一系列离散的值。 8、There are device control services that modify the behavior and modes of a Bluetooth device, transport control services that create, modify and release traffic bearers (channels and links), and data services that are used to submit data for transmission over traffic bearers. 设备控制服务用于改善蓝牙设备的性能和模式，传输控制服务用于创建、修改、释放承载业务，数据服务则为承载业务的传输提交数据。 9、Transmission involves sending the digitally coded voice signal from one location to another, while switching consists of establishing the desire connection between two voice channels which carry digital signals. 传输包括把数字编码的语音信号从一个地方发送到另一个地方，而交换包括建立两个语音信道的有效连接，这两个信道是承载数字信号的。 10、This includes segmentation of L2CAP SDUs into more manageable PDUs and then the fragmentation of PDUs into start and continuation packets of a size suitable for the control buffers, and management of the use of controller buffers to ensure availability for channels with quality of service commitments 这包括了把L2CAP 层业务数据单元分割为更容易管理的数据单元，然后把协议数据单元分成适合控制缓存器大小的开始和中间数据分组，以及为了保证对有业务质量信道的可用性的控制缓存器的管理. 11、The progress made in recent years both at home and abroad in the development of apparatus capable of generating ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic waves whose wave length is a few centimeters has opened up a wholly new field of research in which for the first time the dimensions of one’s apparatus are of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of the generated or received waves. 近年来，国内外已制成能产生波长仅数厘米的超高频电磁波的仪器。这一发展开辟了一个全新的研究领域，使仪器的尺寸与它发出或接收的电磁波的波长处于同一个数量级。 12、The software is instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a “program”. The two major categories of software are “system software” and “application software”. System software is made up of control programs such as the operating system and database management system. Application software is any program that process data for the user (spread sheet, word processor, etc.) 软件是指计算机指令。执行一件特定工作的一系列指令叫做程序。软件的两个主要的种类是系统软件和应用软件。系统软件由诸如操作系统和数据库管理系统之类的控制程序组成。应用软件是任何用户处理数据的程序（电子制表软件，文字处理软件等） 13、Worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself to the new machine using the security hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well 蠕虫是利用计算机网络和安全漏洞进行自我复制的一小段软件代码。蠕虫的一个复制样本扫描网络以寻找某个漏洞的另一台机器，接着利用该安全漏洞把自己复制到新机器上，然后在新机器上继续开始复制。 14、The relationship, which is called Ohm’s law, can be expressed mathematically by means of the following formula: Current=electromotive force/resistance, where I is measured in amperes, E in volts, and R in ohms. This means that the greater the electromotive force is, the greater will be the current; and the greater the resistance, the smaller the current. 被成为欧姆定律的这种关系，在数学上用公式表示为：电流=电动势/电阻。其中，I的单位为安培，E的单位为伏特，而R得单位为欧姆。这意味着电动势越大，电流就变得越大。但电阻越大，电流却变得越小。 15、In packet switching, it requires an explicit destination address on the header of each packet to associate it with its destination node, while the position of the packet in time does not correspond to any channel information. 在分组交换中需要每个分组的头部有一个明确的目的地址把分组和其目的的节点联系起来，而分组在时间上的位置与任何信道信息并不对应。 16、The Bluetooth core system, defined by Bluetooth specification, is a common service layer protocol which covers four lower layers in seven layer protocol. Service discovery protocol and the overall profile requirements are defined by generic access profile. 蓝牙将蓝牙核心系统定义为一个普通的服务层协议，这个服务层覆盖了七层协议的下四层，通用介入框架定义了服务发现层协议和所需要的通用协议子集。 17、How optical fibers work can be explained by Snell’s Law, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction is equal to the ration of the propagation velocities of the wave in the two respect media. 光纤的工作原理可以用斯涅耳折射定律来解释：入射角与折射角的正弦值之比等于光波在这两种媒质中的传播速度之比。 18、The increase in noise, can in principle, be compensated for by increasing the signal power S, but again this has the disadvantage that a channel’s increase in signal power is another channel’s increase in interference and hence noise. 原则上，噪声的增加能够通过增加信号功率S来补偿，但是有一个缺点，一个信道的信号功率的增加意味着另一个信道干扰（噪声）的增加。 19、To avoid this confusion, any violation pulse is of opposite polarity to the preceding mark pulse, whether genuine or a violation, is forced into violation by the insertion of a “parity” pulse substituted for the first zero immediately following the preceding mark 为了避免混淆，任何与前面的标记脉冲极性相反的冲突脉冲，无论其是真的或假的冲突脉冲，都会被强制为冲突。这种强制冲突是通过插入相同极性脉冲来替代紧跟在前面标记脉冲之后的第一个0来实现。 20、Under certain conditions, a continuous signal can be completely represented by and recoverable from a sequence of its values, or simples, at points equally spaced in time. 在一定条件下，一个连续时间信号完全可以由该信号在时间等间隔点上的瞬时值或样本值来表示，并且能用这些样本值恢复出原信号来 21、This arrangement resulted in some saving in terms of the number of components; however, the design of the shared codec with a sufficiently low line-to-line crosstalk and noise, as well as the required high speed in a fully integrated from represented a very different design problem. 这种排列导致了器件数量的一些减少，但是，具有足够低的线间串话和噪声，同时又具有所需很高速度的全集成共用编码解码器的设计代表了一个很难得设计问题。 22、Typical problems in machine perception that routinely utilize image processing techniques are automatic character recognition, industrial machine vision for product assembly and inspection, military recognizance, automatic processing of fingerprints, screening of X-rays and blood samples, and machine processing of aerial and satellite imagery for weather prediction and environmental assessment. 在机器感知中，通常使用图像处理技术的典型问题是自动字字符识别、用于生产线及工业机器视觉、军事识别、指纹的自动处理、X射线和血样分类处理、用于天气预报和环境鉴定的航空与卫星图像的机器处理。