气、血、阴、阳虚的症状及保健

气、血、阴、阳虚的症状及保健 血虚的症状及保健 编辑本段基本概述 血虚:是血液失常的一种表现，是指血液生成不足或血的濡养功能减退的一种病理状态。引起血虚的原因很多，现分述如下: 编辑本段病因 失血过多:因外伤失血过多、月经过多，或其它慢性失血皆可造成血虚证。由于出血过多，日久则导致瘀血内阻，脉络不通，一方面造成再出血，另一方面也影响新血的生成，继而加重血虚。 饮食不节:暴饮暴食，饥饱不调，嗜食偏食，营养不良等原因，均可导致脾胃损伤，不能化生水谷精微，气血来源不足，而导致血虚。 慢性消耗:劳作过度、大病、久病消耗精气，或大汗、呕吐下利等耗伤阳气阴液;劳力过度易耗伤气血，久之则气虚血亏;劳心太过，易使阴血暗耗，心血亏虚等，均可导致血虚。 编辑本段临床表现 血液是人体生命活动的重要物质基础，它含有人体所需要的各种营养物质，对全身各脏腑组织起着营养作用。如果由于各种原因引起气血亏虚则可出现一系列的病证。主要可归纳为脏腑失于濡养、血不载气两方面引起的病证。 脏腑失于濡养:一般表现为面色苍白、唇色爪甲淡白无华、头晕目眩、肢体麻木、筋脉拘挛、心悸怔忡、失眠多梦、皮肤干燥、头发枯焦，以及大便燥结，小便不利等。 血不载气:中医认为，血为气之母，气赖血以附，血载气以行。血虚，气无以附，遂因之而虚，故血虚常伴随气虚，病人不仅有血虚的症状，而且还有少气懒言、语言低微、疲倦乏力、气短自汗等气虚症状。 血液是人体生命活动的重要物质基础，它含有人体所需要的各种营养物质，在心肺之气共同作用之下，内至脏腑，外达筋骨，对全身各脏腑组织起着营养作用。但如果由于各种原因引起气血亏虚则可出现一系列的病证。主要可归纳为脏腑失于濡养、血不载气两方面引起的病证。 (1)脏腑失于濡养 脏腑失于濡养一般表现为面色苍白，唇色爪甲淡白无华，头晕目眩，肢体麻木，筋脉拘挛，心悸怔忡，失眠多梦，皮肤干燥，头发枯焦，以及大便燥结，小便不利等。 由于心主血，肝藏血，所以临床上血虚主要表现在心肝二脏。心血不足表现为心悸怔忡，失眠多梦，神志不安等。肝血不足，不能上荣则面色无华，眩晕耳鸣，两目干涩，视物不清或雀目;不能濡养筋脉，则肢体麻木，筋脉拘急，肌肉?动;由于中医认为肝主筋，爪为筋之余，肝血不足，爪甲失养，枯薄脆裂。中医五行学说认为，心为肝之子，肝为肾之子。根据虚则补其母和阳生阴长的道理，在治疗时补心常兼补肝，补肝常兼滋肾。在血虚较为严重的情况下，补血方内还常加入补脾肺之气的药物。 (2)血不载气 中医认为，血为气之母，气赖血以附，血载气以行。血虚，气无以附，遂因之而虚，故血虚常伴随气虚，病人不仅有血虚的症状，而且还有少气懒言、语言低微、疲倦乏力、气短自汗等气虚症状。临床常见血虚而致气虚的慢性失血证。特别是在大失血情况下，气随血亡而脱，此时气脱反而成为主要矛盾。大气下陷则出现气短不足以息，或努力呼吸有似气喘，或气息将停，危在顷刻。 编辑本段治疗原则 首先，“脾为后天之本，气血生化之源”，脾胃是血液生化之源，饮食有节，脾胃运化功能正常，则血液生成自然源源不断。所以，补血必须先健运脾胃，脾胃强健则生化之源不绝。 其次，气可以推动血液的生成和运行，如气的功能减退，化生血液的功能也就减退，又因“气为血帅，血为气母”，血虚均伴不同程度的气虚症状，故在补血时不宜单用血药，而应适当配伍补气药，以达到益气生血之效。 再者，血为阴 - 1 - 液，易生滋腻，淤阻血脉，而致新血不生，故在补血同时应配伍活血生血之品。 南方李锦记新上市的润红胭口服液正是完美体现这一原则的补血佳品。润红胭口服液配方源自“医圣”张仲景《金匮要略》中“胶艾汤”和妇科第一方“四物汤”，其中阿胶、桑椹滋阴养血;黄芪、莲子、茯苓、红枣健脾益气生血;益母草、当归活血生血，整个配方共凑健脾益气生血，补而不腻之效。 血虚最简单有方便的中药是四物汤.另可一星期煮3次的中药材当归15克,杞子15克,首乌10克,红枣8粒来当开水喝,能达到补血的作用. 编辑本段血虚与其它虚症 什么是阳虚?什么是血虚?什么是气虚?这对中医专业人士来说不是很那辨别的问题。但对多数患者来说却很茫然。著名学者聂文涛先生总结四句科普:“阴虚发热;阳虚怕冷;血虚发燥;气虚无力。”这四句话虽然不能涵盖辩证的全部,确实很多人理解了不同的虚症。 编辑本段治疗方法 中医治疗血虚的原则及方法主要有健脾和胃、益气生血、补肾生血、祛瘀生血、解毒生血。 (1)健脾和胃 脾胃是血液生化之源，饮食有节，脾胃运化功能正常，则血液生成自然源源不断。所以，补血必须先健脾胃，脾胃强健则生化之源不绝。常用的方药有四君子汤、四物汤、当归补血汤等。 (2)益气生血 血液的物质基础是精，而促进精化为血，则以气为动力。清代李中梓《医宗必读》说:“血气俱要，而补气在补血之先;阴阳并需，而养阳在滋阴之上。”《温病条辨》说:“善治血者，不求之有形之血，而求之无形之气。”《景岳全书》则说:“有形之血难以速生，无形之气所当急固。”在临床用药时，依据“气能生血”，常在补血药中，配以益气之品。常用的方剂有归脾汤、当归补血汤等;常用的补气药有黄芪、人参、党参、白术、黄精、山药、大枣等;配以养血之药，如当归、白芍、阿胶、熟地等。 (3)补肾生血 肾为先天之本，主藏精。精既包括先天之精，又包括五脏六腑后天之精。精能生髓，髓能化血。同时，肾中之命门为原气之所系，十二经之根，生化之源，也是温熙、促进血液生化的原动力之所在。所以，中医有“生血根本在于肾”。临床上，治血虚，必当补肾以填精，精髓足，血自旺。常用方剂有菟丝子饮、二仙丹等。常用补肾药有鹿茸、鹿角胶、阿胶、龟板胶、巴戟天、锁阳、淫羊藿、补骨脂、菟丝子、附子、肉桂、首乌、熟地、枸杞子、紫河车等。 (4)祛瘀生血 无论脾胃所化之营血，或精髓所化之血，都必须通过经脉和髓道进行释放和传输，并循环全身。精髓化血，禀于先天，而养于后天，后天水谷之精微，五脏六腑之精，亦赖经脉输送，汇于冲脉——血海，与肾之大络相会以滋肾，以营骨髓。如气血瘀阻，脉道不通，就会造成骨髓乏养而枯竭，致使血液生化无由。常用方剂有桃红四物汤、补阳还五汤、血府逐瘀汤等。常用活血化瘀药，如当归、川芎、丹参、三七、丹皮、香附等。 (5)解毒生血 中医认为，不管内伤七情或外感六淫，郁久均可化火，火热之气最易耗血伤阴。再者，象化学性、物理性、生物性邪毒内陷，下及肝肾，可直接造成精髓亏乏，以致生血无源。内陷邪毒或七情郁火，又可阻络成瘀，而致新血不生，因此需要清热解毒。常用方剂有犀角地黄汤、三黄石膏汤、茵陈蒿汤、五味消毒饮、清营汤、清瘟败毒饮等。常用清热解毒药有蒲公英、银花、连翘、白花蛇舌草、板蓝根、大青叶、黄连、黄芩、黄柏、紫花地丁、大黄、紫草、茵陈、半枝莲等。临床多用于急性再生障碍性贫血、急性 - 2 - 白血病、溶血性贫血等。 血虚大致相当于西医贫血一词，贫血患者可选做哪些气功锻炼? 气功是一种独特的自我锻炼方法，是医疗与体育相结合的健身活动。它能发挥人体潜能，通过调身、调心、调息，锻炼人的精、气、神，培植和增强真气，调整身体内部的功能，增强体质，提高抗病能力，从而达到治病强身的目的。目前中西药物治疗均为被动治疗，是靠药物而发挥治疗作用，而气功是一种主动疗法，它靠发挥人的主观能动性，依靠自己的力量来调节和增强自身的生理功能。练功无副作用，而且节约，随时可以锻炼。 缺铁性贫血和营养性巨幼细胞性贫血、再生障碍性贫血可选用刘贵珍编创的内养功、强壮功、保健功和行步功，以及简化太极拳。 (1)缺铁性贫血和营养性巨幼细胞性贫血 主要功法:内养功，第一种呼吸法，坐卧兼用，意守丹田。 配合功法:强壮功，自然盘膝式。自然呼吸，意守丹田。简化太极拳或行步功。 (2)再生障碍性贫血 主要功法:强壮功，坐站兼用，意守丹田。按病情选择或加减功法。 配合功法:保健功，简化太极拳。 其他贫血原则上亦可选练具有保健养生作用的功法，可参考有关气功书，或请教气功师。 编辑本段养血中药方 ?桑椹50g，枸杞子20g。水煎服。 ?黄芪50g，大枣10枚，当归9g，枸杞子9g。水煎服。 ?人参6g，大枣10枚，水煎服。治失血性贫血，大出血后引起的虚脱和身体虚弱。 ?熟地12g，当归10g，白芍10g，川芎6g 。水煎服。 ?生地30g，麦冬12g，枸杞子12g，先煎汤，再煮鸡、鸭血汤，放调料。用于缺铁性贫血阴虚型患者。 ?熟地12g，首乌12g，黄精12g，灵磁石30g，代赭石30g，麦饭石30g，大枣5枚，水煎服。适用于缺铁性贫血。 ?黄芪30g，当归12g，水煎服。用于气血两亏型的贫血。 气虚的症状及保健 基本概述 气虚[deficiency of vital energy] ，泛指身体虚弱、面色苍白、呼吸短促、四肢乏力、头晕、动则汗出、语声低微等。包括元气、宗气、卫气的虚损，以及气的推动、温煦、防御、固摄和气化功能的减退，从而导致机体的某些功能活动低下或衰退，抗病能力下降等衰弱的现象。人的生命活动从根本上讲就是元气升降出入的运动;元气不足会造成疲乏无力、腰膝酸软、语声低懒微言、胸闷气短、精神不振、头晕目眩、失眠健忘、食欲不振等诸多不适。 编辑本段多发人群 气虚是一种多发症，原因多是先天不足、营养不良、年老虚弱、久病未愈、大手术后及疲劳过度。据对804人随机抽样调查，衰老、虚弱引起的体虚占51(4,(46岁—65岁)，是各种病因中最高的两个点。这与现代人承受的激烈的社会竞争、压力过大及不良生活方式有关。专家提醒大家都来关心这个年龄段的人群。 编辑本段病理病因 气虚多由先天禀赋不足，或后天失养，或劳伤过度而耗损(“劳则气耗”)，或久病不复，或肺脾肾等脏腑功能减退，气的生化不足等所致。从病发原因、症状和脉象来对照现代医学，气虚同现代医学概念“亚健康”极为相似。亚健康的根本原因是阴阳气血不足，五脏功能低下，也与元气不足、气虚相符。在调治上中医学的整体观念和行辨证诊治的原则和方法，进行心、肝、脾、肺、肾整体调理，使机体有规律地自我更新、自我复制、逐渐恢复元气，也就把亚健康状态转化为健康。 编辑本段相关症状 概况 - 3 - 气虚的病理反映可涉及全身各个方面，如气虚则卫外无力，肌表不固，而易汗出;气虚则四肢肌肉失养，周身倦怠乏力;气虚则清阳不升、清窍失养而精神萎顿，头昏耳鸣;气虚则无力以率血行，则脉象虚弱无力或微细;气虚则水液代谢失调，水液不化，输布障碍，可凝痰成饮，甚则水邪泛滥而成水肿;气虚还可导致脏腑功能减退，从而表现一系列脏腑虚弱征象。 气虚阳虚 气虚可见面色晃白，头晕目眩，少气懒言，神疲乏力，甚则晕厥。阳虚除气虚症状外，兼有畏寒肢冷、自汗，脉沉缓或迟而无力，舌质胖淡舌苔白。 a.心气虚，除上述气虚症状外，再加心悸、气短、胸闷等。方可选独参汤加减。经验方:人参，莲子各3钱，冰糖一两隔水炖熟，吃莲肉喝汤。 b.脾虚或中气下陷，兼有纳少，腹胀，便溏，气短，乏力等。方可选补中益气汤。 c.肾阳虚有身寒肢冷，动则气短，或五更泻等。方可选保元汤，真武汤，四逆汤，金匮肾气丸，右归丸加减。经验方:人参2钱(嚼服)，黄精一两，枸杞三钱，肉桂一钱，甘草一钱，水煎服，每日1剂。 气阴两虚 除上述气虚症状以外，尚有阴虚表现。如口干、五心烦热、便秘、尿少、乏力，舌红苔少脉弦细等症状。 a.心气阴两虚可见心悸、气短、胸闷等。常用生脉饮，炙甘草汤。经验方:黄耆五钱、党参四钱、麦冬三钱、五味子二钱、柴胡一钱，水煎后一日分三次服用。(有发炎疾病、火气大、口苦、烦躁、失眠，属实症，非气阴两虚者，不宜服用此方。) b.肾阴阳两虚，常有:头晕、眼花、耳呜、耳聋、腰酸、腿软、神疲、健忘等症状。方可用五子衍宗丸，金匮肾气丸等加减。[1] 编辑本段食疗预防 对于气虚者的饮食宜忌，应兼顾到五脏之虚的宜忌原则。 凡气虚之人，宜吃具有补气作用的食物，宜吃性平味甘或甘温之物，宜吃营养丰富、容易消化的平补食品。忌吃破气耗气之物，忌吃生冷性凉食品，忌吃油腻厚味、辛辣食物 编辑本段合理膳食 气虚体质是小儿常见体质之一，常出现于鼻过敏、气喘、消化障碍、身材矮小、尿床、容易感冒、肥胖及心脏病等疾患，当您的宝贝，出现气虚质的症状越多，则表示气虚的严重度也越高，父母宜培养正常饮食习惯，如定食定量、避免吃零食，饭前尽量勿吃过甜、高脂肪或高糖之食物、饮料，以免过早产生饱胀感而降低食欲。而正常的作息及适度户外运动，都可避免气虚加重。对气虚患儿，平时应注意饮食如: 1.甘平 为主食，如葡萄、柠檬、木瓜、草莓、菠萝、枇杷、李子、菠菜、红萝卜、茼蒿、花椰菜、包心菜、豌豆、四季豆、花生、黑木耳、玉米、栗子、橄榄、豆浆、白米、糙米、黄豆、黑豆、赤小豆、冰糖、鱼肉、猪肉、鸡蛋„„等。 2.甘温 油菜、大头芥菜、番瓜、龙眼、荔枝、樱桃、番石榴、金桔、杨梅、桃子、杏子、李子、糯米、红糖、麦芽糖、大蒜、香菜、生姜、葱、茴香、醋、沙茶酱、牛肉、鸡肉、虾、黄鳝、淡菜、羊奶。 3.甘凉 菱角、莲藕、香菇、冬菇、蘑菇、白木耳、瓢瓜、绿豆、豆腐、茶、麻油、生姜皮、苹果、莲雾、西红柿、甘蔗、香瓜、柳丁、无花果、蜂蜜、乌骨鸡、鸭、蟹、鳖、蛋白、牛奶。 以上食物轮流食用。尽量不要常吃冰冷寒凉或未熟食品，如西瓜、香瓜、水梨、柚子、葡萄柚、椰子、橘子、杨桃、柿子、香蕉、芒果、桑椹、奇异果、黄瓜、苦瓜、空心菜、筊白笋、豆芽、紫菜、海带、西洋菜、豆豉、荸荠、白砂糖、蛤蛎、蚌类，以免影响血液循环。当不可避免时，尽量在白天食用，因当外界阳气旺盛时，身体也较有抵抗寒气入侵的能力。 编辑本段补气食材 粳米 性平，味甘，能补中益气。早在《别录》中即有主益气的记载，唐代食医孟诜亦云:粳米温中，益气。清?王孟英还把粳米粥誉之为贫人之参汤，他说:贫人患虚症，以浓米汤代参汤。气虚者宜常食之。 牛肉 性平，味甘，有益气 - 4 - 血、补脾胃、强筋骨的作用。名医《别录》中说:牛肉安中益气，养脾胃。《韩氏医通》还说:黄牛肉，补气，与绵黄芪同功。足见牛肉补气之力，尤为显著，故气虚者宜常食之。 狗肉 性温，味咸，能补中益气，对气虚兼有脾虚或肾虚或肺虚或阳虚者更宜。《日华子本草》云:狗肉补胃气，壮阳，暖腰膝，补虚劳，益气力。《医林纂要》中还说，狗肉补肺气，固肾气。尤以秋冬季食之为佳。 鸡肉 性温，味甘，有温中、益气、补精、养血的功效。无论气虚、血虚、肾虚，皆宜食之。民间对气虚之人，有用黄芪煨老母鸡的习惯，更能增加补气作用。 鲢鱼 性温，味甘，能入脾肺而补气。明?李时珍在《本草纲目》中说:鲢鱼温中益气。清代食医王孟英也认为:鲢鱼暖胃，补气，泽肤。故气虚者宜食。 鳝鱼 性温，味甘，有补虚损、益气力、强筋骨的作用，气虚者宜常食之。《千金?食治》就曾说它主少气吸吸，足不能立地。《本草衍义补遗》亦云:黄鳝善补气。 鳜鱼 俗称桂鱼。可以补气血，益脾胃。《日华子本草》云:鳜鱼益气。《开宝本草》认为益气力，令人肥健。尤以气虚兼脾虚者最宜。 大枣 性温，味甘，为常食之物，它有益气补血的功效，历代医家常用之于气虚病人。《别录》说它补中益气，强力。唐代食医孟诜亦云:大枣补不足气，煮食补肠胃，肥中益气第一。所以，气虚者宜用大枣煨烂服食为佳。 樱桃 性温，味甘，既能补气补血，又能补脾补肾。《滇南本草》中记载:樱桃治一切虚症，能大补元气。 葡萄 性平，味甘酸，是一种补气血果品，除有益气作用外，古代医药文献还认为葡萄有健脾胃、益肝肾、强筋骨的作用。如《本经》说它益气倍力。《滇南本草》认为葡萄大补气血。《随息居饮食谱》亦记载:补气，滋肾液，益肝阴，强筋骨。所以，凡气虚伴有肾虚、肺虚和脾虚者，皆宜食之。 花生 性平，味甘。《滇南本草图说》称花生补中益气，不仅如此，花生还有补脾和补肺的作用，这对气虚而兼有肺虚或脾虚者更宜，且以水煮花生食用为妥。 山药 为补气食品，凡气虚体质或久病气虚者，宜常食之，最为有益。山药可以补肺气，补脾气，补肾气，故凡肺气虚或肾气虚或脾气虚的方药中，都常用到它。 燕窝 性平，味甘，有益气补虚、养阴补肺的作用，对气虚又兼肺虚者尤宜。《本草再新》曾说它大补元气。《食物宜忌》也有燕窝壮阳益气的记载。《饮食辨录》中还指出:燕窝，性能补气，凡脾肺虚弱，及一切虚在气分者宜之，又能固表，表虚漏汗畏风者，服之最佳。 人参 性温，味甘微苦，为中医最常用的有力的补气中药，也是众人皆知的补气食物，它能大补元气。《药性论》中说它补五脏气不足。《医学启源》还认为，人参治脾胃阳气不足及肺气促，短气、少气，补元气。气虚者食用人参，颇有功效，对气虚兼有阳虚或脾虚或肺虚者，食之更宜。同样的道理，党参和太子参也有人参相同的作用，也适宜气虚体质服食。《医学衷中参西录》亦云:能补助气分，并能补益血分。故气虚者宜食。由于西洋参性偏凉，且有养肺阴和降虚火作用，所以，对气虚而兼有肺阴不足者更为适宜。 黄芪 性微温，味甘，也是中医极为常用的补气中药，是民间常用的补气食品。不少医书都称黄芪补一身之气。《本草求真》认为:黄芪为补气诸药之最，是以有耆之称。根据医家习惯，黄芪常与党参或太子参或人参同服，则补气之力愈佳，气虚体质食之更宜。 紫河车 性温，味甘咸，是笔者最常用的补气之物，它有着显著而有力的补气强壮作用。明代医家吴球说它益气补精。《本草再新》认为它能大补元气。凡气虚体质者，经常少少服食，确有卓著的补气效果。 此外，气虚者还宜食用糯米、粟米、玉米、青稞、番薯、南瓜、白扁豆、黄豆、牛肚、乌骨鸡、鹅肉、兔肉、鹌鹑、青鱼、鱿鱼、章鱼、熟菱、海松子、胡萝卜、豆腐、豆浆、马铃薯、香蕈、草菇、平菇、蜂王浆、红糖、白木耳、白术、甘草等。 编辑本段食疗菜谱 山药鲫鱼汤 主料:鲫鱼 500克 辅料:山药 50克 糯米 10克 调料:花生油 35克 料酒 5克 大葱 10克 盐 8克 烹饪方法: 1. 鲫鱼去鳞、鳃、内脏，洗净， - 5 - 加少许精盐稍腌一会儿; 2. 把山药去皮，洗净，切成片; 3. 锅置于旺火上，倒入花生油烧热，放入鲫鱼两面煎一下; 4. 烹入料酒，加鲜汤、山药煮熟，撒上精盐、葱花，淋香油即可。 食谱营养 鲫鱼:鲫鱼具有益气健脾、消润胃阴、利尿消肿、清热解毒之功能，并有降低胆固醇的作用;山药含有皂甙、黏液质、胆碱、淀粉、糖类、蛋白质和氨基酸、维生素C等营养成分以及多种微量元素。 木瓜鲫鱼汤 主料:鲫鱼 500克 木瓜 500克 调料:盐 10克 料酒 15克 胡椒粉 2克 姜 5克 大葱 10克 味精 2克 烹饪方法 1. 将鲫鱼宰杀洗净，在鱼两面各刻一定花刀; 2. 木瓜去皮、籽，切成片，洗净; 3. 锅中倒入油烧热，放入鲫鱼煎至两面出现硬皮取出; 4. 锅中倒入油，加入姜片、葱段，爆出香味后，烹料酒，加鸡汤、木瓜，水沸后再加入煎好的鲫鱼，加盖用小火烧至汤色乳白; 5. 去掉姜、葱，调味并加入胡椒粉即可食用。 制作提示 本品需鸡汤约750克。 食谱营养 1. 健脾开胃，利尿。适于久病体虚、水肿、小便不利者食用。 2. 鲫鱼含有蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷、铁等。鲫鱼具有益气健脾、消润胃阴、利尿消肿、清热解毒之功能，并有降低胆固醇的作用，木瓜有健脾消食的作用。木瓜中含有一种酵素，能消化蛋白质，有利于人体对食用进行消化和吸收。 咸菜鲫鱼 主料:鲫鱼800克 辅料:大白菜(青口)100克 腌芥菜头50克 调料:姜10克 大葱15克 花椒2克 八角5克 味精2克 盐2克 醋10克 烹饪方法 1. 将洗净的大白菜叶四、五片铺入高压锅底; 2. 将去鳞去脏洗净的鲫鱼2,3条放在白菜上面; 3. 将疙瘩咸菜切成片摆在鱼的上面; 4.主料放好后加靠开水与主料平; 5. 用纱布将姜、葱、花椒、大料包好放如入锅中(不能放盐 6. 然后放点醋和味精，上盖起火15分钟即可。 食谱营养 鲫鱼:鲫鱼具有益气健脾、消润胃阴、利尿消肿、清热解毒之功能，并有降低胆固醇的作用;大白菜是现今餐桌上必不可少的一道家常美食，大白菜具有较高的营养价值，含有丰富的多种维生素和矿物质。 [2] 老人气虚食谱 山药汤圆 适用于食少倦怠，气血不足，心神不宁，健忘失眠等。山药粉80克，莲子去心20克，红糖15克，糯米粉300克。先将莲子煮熟，捣烂，然后合山药粉与红糖为馅，用糯米粉如常法制成汤圆。糖尿病患者应去红糖，加赤小豆15克。倦?质者可久服。 鸡肝粥 适用于老人肝气虚，眼暗，视物不清，夜盲等。用乌鸡肝一具，洗净，切细，加豆豉少许，共煮粥，或煮羹食用。每周1,2次。无乌鸡，一般三黄鸡肝亦可。 菊花粥 适用于老年人头眩目花，肝风上扰，眼屎多，眼结膜易充血等。杭菊花5克，枸杞子10克，粳米适量，共煮粥。每周1,2次。亦可用开水冲泡代茶饮用。 猪肾粥 适用于老年人肾虚耳聋，肾气虚亏。用猪肾一对，去表层白膜，剖开，洗净，切细，加葱白2根(连根须)，加韭白7根(去根须)，三者加白米适量，慢火煮食。一周1次。 柿饼粥 适用于老年人耳聋同时伴有不闻香臭的肺气不宣者。干柿饼3个， 切成细丝，和粳米适量，共煮粥食，加酱油少许。此方适用于燥红质者，迟冷质者忌。 羊肉羹 适用于老年人脾胃虚寒，胃口不佳，四肢乏力，面色萎黄消瘦。取白羊肉200克，洗净、切细。另挤生姜汁10毫升，加水煮成羹，煮烂后加白面粉适量再煮。然后加胡椒末和葱末少许。一日一服，连食一周。迟冷质者宜，燥红质者切不可轻尝! 鲫鱼汤 适用于老年人脾胃气弱，食不下，虚劣消瘦及气力衰微、水肿等。取鲫鱼肉半斤，切细。加酱油及姜煮熟，加胡椒末少许。适用于腻滞质之舌苔白腻者。有过敏性疾病者忌! 绿豆汤 适用于老年人消渴、热中，饮水量多而不解渴。绿豆500克，加水适量，煮沸，一沸即将上清液倒出，待绿豆煮烂后再将上清液倒回锅中。口渴时取食或饮汤。此方适用于燥红质者，寒体当忌。 鲜藕汁 用于老年人烦热，口干，内有积血， - 6 - 热淋。肥鲜藕半斤，洗净，绞取汁，加蜂蜜20毫升。一日1剂，到渴解为止。此方适用于燥红质。 甘蔗粥 适用于老年人肺胃津伤咳嗽。凡干咳无痰，口干舌燥，涕唾浓黏，内有虚热者皆适用。取甘蔗汁300毫升，青粱米100克。洗净，共煮粥，分两次吃。 绿豆蒲公英汤 适用于老年人小便茎中作痛，烦热，小便涩少不利。取绿豆250克，新鲜蒲公英100克，加水500毫升，共煮，一沸即止。倒出上清液，分数次饮完。一日1剂，连服3,5日。迟冷质慎用此方。 薤白粥 适用于老年人胸闷不舒或心绞痛、慢性肠炎。每次取新鲜薤白25克，粳米100克，加水400毫升。共煮成粥。一日2次，温食。一周为一疗程。此方适用于晦涩质。[3] 编辑本段产后气虚如何调理 气虚体质的产妇是因分娩时用力过度所致。这类产妇常常形体消瘦或偏胖，体倦乏力，面色苍白，常常出汗，稍做运动就会表现得更厉害。严重的除了几种症状加重以外，还伴有气短，懒言，咳喘无力，食少腹胀，脱肛，子宫脱垂。经常心悸怔仲，精神疲惫，或腰膝痿软，小便频多。 此种体质的保健原则是补气养气，可以适当地做一些运动，具体方法如下: 1、 屈肘上举:端坐，两腿自然分开，双手屈肘侧举，手指伸直向上。与两耳平，双手上举，以两胁部感觉有所牵动为度。随即复原，可连做十次。该动作对气短、吸气困难者，有缓解作用。 2、 抛空:端坐，左臂自然屈肘，置于腿上。右臂屈肘，手掌向上，做抛物动作3—5次，然后右臂放于腿上，左手做抛空动作，与右手动作相同。每日可做五遍。 3、 荡腿:端坐，两脚自然下垂，先慢慢左右转动身体3次，然后，两脚悬空。前后摆动十余次。本动作可以活动腰、膝，具有益肾强腰的功效。 4、 摩腰:端坐，宽衣，将腰带松开，双手相搓，以略觉发热为度，再将双手置于腰间，上下搓摩腰部，直至腰部感觉发热为止。搓摩腰部，实际上是对腰部命门穴、肾俞、气海俞、大肠俞等穴的自我按摩。而这些穴位大多与肾脏有关。待搓至发热之时，可起到疏通经络、行气活血、温肾壮腰的作用。 5、 “吹”字功:直立，双脚并拢，两手交叉上举过头，然后弯腰。双手触地.继而下蹲。双手抱膝，心中默念“吹”字音。可连续做10余次，属于“六个决”中的“吹”字功。常练可固肾气。 阳虚的症状及保健 肾虚有多种，以肾阴虚、肾阳虚最常见。 中医所指的肾虚，有很多种类，其中最常见的是肾阴虚、肾阳虚。 肾阴虚，表现为口干舌燥、皮肤瘙痒、失眠多梦、心情烦躁、腰酸膝软、手足心热、耳鸣头晕等症状。另外，女子会出现便秘、经少甚至经闭等表现。 肾阳虚，表现为面色白或黝黑、腰膝酸疼、精神不振、手足冰冷、畏寒怕风、腹泻、身体浮肿等。此外，女子会出现不孕、遗尿、浮肿、性欲低下等症状。 专家提示:肾虚不等于肾衰竭中医所指的肾和现代医学所指的肾脏并不是一回事儿，肾虚并不是肾衰竭，只是气血阴阳虚弱了，并不会像肾衰竭那么严重而危及生命。 肾虚者必须重视补肾，但不能乱补 中医理论认为，肾主藏精。精是构成人体生命的基本物质，也是生长发育五脏六腑各种机能活动的物质基础。肾精充足则身体强健，五脏六腑功能正常，肾虚则生命力减弱，各种疾病就会逐渐袭来。 因此，要根治这些病痛、彻底改善身体状况，必须从补肾入手。 但肾虚不能盲目补，乱补有害无益。 赵教授强调，中医补肾先弄清是肾阴虚、肾阳虚还是肾气虚是关键。因此，肾虚者一定要找正规的中医师正确诊治。 一般说来，肾阴虚者大多脸发红、五心烦热。补肾阴虚的药物多是甘寒药，如石斛、 - 7 - 玉竹、山茱萸、枸杞子、西洋参等，中成药的代表是六味地黄丸。 阳虚者则怕冷，四肢发凉，面色苍白。补肾阳虚药物多是热性药，如附子、肉桂、鹿茸等，中成药的代表是金匮肾气丸。 回答者: hongjing715613 | 一级 | 2009-10-12 09:25 如果形体消瘦，潮热盗汗，五心烦热，咽干颧红，溲黄便干，舌红少津，脉细数,则为阴虚(建议吃六味地黄丸、左归丸、大补阴丸;如果临床表现为:腰膝酸软,畏寒肢冷,尤以下肢为甚,头目眩晕,精神萎靡,面色白,或黎黑,舌淡胖苔白，脉沉弱(或阳痿，妇女宫寒不孕，或大便久泄不止，完谷不化，五更泄泻，或浮肿，腰以下为甚，按之凹陷不起，甚则腹部胀痛，心悸咳喘，则为阳虚(药物则有肾宝、玉苁蓉、金匮肾气丸、右归丸等。大部分肾虚是不良的生活和饮食习惯造成的，所以除坚持吃药外改掉不良的生活习惯才是治本之法，否则只是扬汤止沸而已。饮食上不要食用生冷、辛辣食物。平常注意保暖,尤其不要熬夜，戒除手淫，节制性生活。祝你早日康复～ 回答者: figurelee | 六级 | 2009-10-12 09:31 病证名。指阳气不足，机能衰退的证候。《素问?调经论》::“阳虚则外寒。”多因素体阳气虚弱;或外感阴寒之邪，阳气受损;或年老阳衰;或房室过度，损伤肾阳。常见症为形寒肢冷，腰膝冷痛，尿清便溏或下利清谷，倦怠乏力，面色(白光)白，或小便不利，阳痿早泄，脉弱无力等。治宜温补阳气。 具体还分肾阳虚，脾阳虚，心阳虚等等。 肾阳虚: 【临床表现】 1.腰膝部位酸痛或疼痛寒冷的症状。 2.肾阳虚患者畏寒，四肢冰冷。 3.肾阳虚出现精神萎靡的症状。 4.小便不顺畅或失禁遗尿。 5.男子肾阳虚会出现性功能下降，更可有阳萎的症状。 6.女子肾阳虚会出现闭经，有时还出现水肿。 7.脉搏细弱或要重按才能触到细弱的脉搏。 8.舌体胖大，有白色舌苔，舌头中间有裂纹的症状。 9.肾阳虚患者比较爱出汗特别吃饭的时候更是大汗淋漓。 10.口臭口感浑浊，牙痛也是肾阳虚的症状之一。 11.晚上睡觉容易做恶梦。 脾阳虚: 【临床表现】纳少腹胀，腹痛绵绵，喜温喜按，形寒气怯，四肢不温，面白不华或虚浮，口淡不渴，大便稀溏，或见肢体浮肿，小便短少，或见带下量多而清稀色白，舌质淡胖或有齿痕，苔白滑，脉沉迟无力。 脾肾阳虚: 【临床表现】:下利清谷或久泻滑脱或五更泄泻，少腹冷痛，腰膝酸软，小便不利、面目肢体浮肿，甚则腹胀如鼓，形寒肢冷，面色苍白。舌淡胖，苔白滑，脉沉细。 肾阳虚的男性选择补肾食品时可以考虑海产品以及韭菜籽。补肾药物推荐金匮肾气 - 8 - 丸以及五子衍宗丸等。 由肾阴虚导致阳痿等性功能障碍的男性，平常可以多吃一些六味地黄丸类的补肾阴的药物，另外用桑葚子、枸杞煮粥就是不错的补肾食品。 此外，补肾要注意一个原则，肾阴虚的情况下火就容易旺，阴虚火旺，如果这时再使用那些温热的壮阳药物，等于是火上浇油，病人热性就更大了。反过来说，假如病人肾阳虚、怕冷，你再用一些滋阴药，等于是雪上加霜，病人同样也受不了。 阴虚的症状及保健 基本概述 阴虚有哪些具体表现, 阴虚多因血虚，“阴虚生内热”，表现为五心烦热、口干 咽燥，神烦气粗，尿黄便干等;体质虚衰、心悸气短、头晕眼花、精神状态差;月经不调、面色无华、黑色素沉着，黄褐斑、蝴蝶斑滋生;更年期困扰;过早进入更年期;一般多见于女士、各种机能亢进性疾病如肺结核、长期低烧等。 阴虚的人应该多吃一些滋补肾阴的食物，以滋阴潜阳为法。常选择的食物，如芝麻、糯米、绿豆、藕、马兰头、大白菜、黑木耳、银耳、豆腐、甘蔗、梨、西瓜、黄瓜、百合、山药、乌贼、甲鱼、海参、鲍鱼、螃蟹、牛奶、牡蛎、蛤蜊、海蜇、鸭肉、猪皮等。这些食品性味多甘寒性凉，都有滋补机体阴气的功效。可适当配合补阴药膳有针对性地调养。阴虚火旺的人，应少吃辛辣的东西，火锅最好少吃，鸡肉也不要多吃，蒸、炸、爆、烤的食物也应少吃些，水果中龙眼肉、荔枝能不吃就不吃。阴虚是惟一不用忌食冷饮的，冷饮对阴虚有调整作用，当然，鼓励多吃但也不能过。 编辑本段病因病机 阴虚多由热病之后或杂病日久伤耗阴液，或因五志过极房事不节过服温燥之品等使阴液暗耗而成阴液亏少，机体失去濡润滋养硕土，同时由于阴不制阳则阳热之气相对偏旺而生内热，故表现为多次一派虚热干燥不润虚火躁扰不宁的证候。 阴虚可与气虚血虚阳虚阳亢精亏津液亏虚以及燥邪等证候同时慢性存在或互为因果，表现为病人气阴亏虚证、阴血亏虚证、阴阳两虚证、阴虚阳亢证、阴精亏虚证、阴津(液)亏虚证、阴虚内燥证等阴虚，进而可发展成阳虚，亡阴阴虚可导致动风气滞血瘀水停等病理变化 中医认为肾虚病症有阴虚阳虚之分，补肾应当针对肾阴肾阳的不同就读采用对症的相应方法进行理论。肾阴虚者常见有肺热、咽燥、腰膝酸软、头晕耳鸣、舌苔偏红等症状，可选用海参、枸杞、甲鱼、银耳等浙江进行滋补，饮食中应多吃清凉食品如山药、芡实、金银花、绿豆、决明子、鱼汤等;肾阳虚者常见有肢体畏寒、精神萎靡、腰酸耳鸣、舌淡体胖等症状，应选择羊肉、鹿茸肉、苁蓉、肉桂、益智仁等补之。 著名学者聂文涛先生总结四句科普:“阴虚发热;阳虚怕冷;血虚发燥;气虚无力。”这四句话虽然不能涵盖辨证的全部，确实很多人理解了不同的虚症。而阴虚可见于多个脏器系统组织的病变常见者有肺阴虚证、心阴虚证、胃阴虚证、脾阴虚证、肝阴虚证、肾阴虚证等以并见各脏器的病状为诊断至今依据。 编辑本段肺阴虚证 肺阴虚证，是肺阴不足，虚热内生所表现的证候。多由久咳伤阴，痨虫袭肺，或热病后期阴津损伤所致。 临床表现 咳嗽无痰、或痰少而粘，口咽干燥，形体消瘦，午后潮热，五心烦热，盗汗，颧红，甚则痰中带血，声音嘶哑，舌红少津，脉细数。 证候分析 - 9 - 肺阴虚证，以肺病常见症状和阴虚内热证共见为辨证要点。肺主清肃，性喜柔润，肺阴不足，虚热内生，肺为热蒸，气机上逆而为咳嗽;津为热灼，炼液成痰，量少质粘。肺阴亏虚，上不能滋润咽喉则咽干口燥，外不能濡养肌肉则形体消瘦。虚热内炽则午后潮热，五心烦热;热扰营阴为盗汗;虚热上炎则颧红;肺络受灼，络伤血溢则痰中带血;喉失阴津濡润，并为虚火所蒸，以致声音嘶哑。舌红少津，脉象细数，皆为阴虚内热之象。 治疗 肺阴虚感冒有哪些常用中成药, (1)桑叶薄荷煎汤冲服莱阳梨膏 菜阳梨膏适用于肺阴不足，肺气上逆所致的阴虚咳嗽等。方取莱阳梨为君药，性味甘寒，生津润肺，清肃肺气，善治肺热之咳嗽;浙贝母为臣药，清泄肺热，止咳化痰;法半夏、橘红、陈皮为佐，理气化痰，使气顺而不戕肺;白糖为使，甘能补、能缓、能润，并能调和诸药。共奏养阴润肺、止咳化痰的功效。桑叶、薄荷煎汤，辛凉解表，与莱阳梨膏合用，表解里清，自无后患。 (2)风热感冒冲剂合养阴清肺膏 风热感冒冲剂有辛凉解表及清热解毒的功效。养阴清肺膏系养阴清肺汤的成药制剂。两药合用，主治肺阴虚感受风热，病情较重者。 (3)润肺止咳冲剂 方用雪梨、沙参、百合滋阴润肺为君药;桔梗、远志、杏仁止咳祛痰为臣药;佐以薄荷辛凉解表;使以麻黄透窍宣肺。麻黄虽为辛温燥烈之品，与肺阴虚证不符，但麻黄的宣肺解表作用较强，在多味滋阴润肺药物中，加入一味麻黄，使其宣而不燥，透而不烈，利于表邪的疏散和内热的宣泄。全方适于肺阴不足，痰热不散，复受风热外感的病证。 (4)小儿止嗽金丹 方用玄参、麦冬、知母、天花粉滋阴清热;杏仁、苏子、桔梗、桑白皮、川贝母、瓜蒌仁、胆南星、竹茹清肺止咳化痰;并用槟榔导滞行气;苏叶解表;甘草调和诸药。共奏滋阴润肺，化痰止咳，调胃行滞之功，并兼有解表之功。适于素体阴虚夹痰，脾胃积滞，复受风热外感的小儿。 (5)桑菊感冒片合秋梨膏 桑菊感冒片为辛凉解表轻剂。秋梨膏以秋梨为君药，甘寒生津，化痰止咳;浙贝、麦冬为臣，清热润燥止咳;鲜藕为佐，生津止渴，兼能止血;青萝卜为使，顺气消痰。诸药合用，养阴润肺，止咳化痰。加之桑菊感冒片疏风解热的作用，于感冒病肺阴虚证之轻者，较为适宜。 编辑本段心阴虚证 主证 失眠、多梦、心悸、健忘，虚烦、盗汗，手足心热，口干咽燥，舌尖红，少苔，脉细数等。或有两颊发红，心烦怔忡，头晕目眩等虚火上炎之症， 辨证 多见平素肝肾不足，真阴亏耗，或热病后期阴伤未复者，阴血不足，血不能养心宁神则出现心悸、失眠、多梦、健忘等，阴虚内热则见盗汗，虚烦、手足心热、口干咽燥、舌尖红、少苔、脉细数等。两颊发红、头晕目眩等为虚火上炎之症。 治法 滋补心阴，清心安神。 方药 补心丹化裁 当归、阿胶、玉竹、元参、麦冬、枣仁、柏子仁、龙骨、牡蛎、琥珀、珍珠母、石决明、黄连、竹叶、连翘、石莲子、灯芯草等。 编辑本段胃阴虚证 主证 胃阴虚证，是指胃阴不足所表现的证候。多由胃病久延不愈，或热病后期阴液未复，或平素嗜食辛辣，或情志不遂，气郁化火使胃阴耗伤而致。 临床表现 胃脘隐痛，饥不欲食，口燥咽干，大便干结，或脘痞不舒，或干呕见逆，舌红少津，脉细数。 - 10 - 证候分析 本证以胃病的常见症状和阴虚证共见为辨证要点。胃阴不足，则胃阳偏亢，虚热内生，热郁胃中，胃气不和，致脘部隐痛，饥不欲食。胃阴亏虚，上不能滋润咽喉，则口燥咽干;下不能濡润大肠，放大便干结。胃失阴液滋润，胃气不和，可见脘痞不舒，阴虚热扰，胃气上逆，可见干呕呃逆。舌红少津，脉象细数，是阴虚内热的征象。 编辑本段脾阴虚证 脾阴虚证，是脾脏阴液不足，濡养失职，运化无力所表现的证候。多因外感温热病后，阴液耗伤，或素体阴虚，或情志不遂，肝郁化火，灼伤阴津，或过食辛辣之品，或误服辛温之剂所致。 [临床表现] 纳少，口淡乏味，食后作胀，消瘦倦乏，涎少唇干，五心烦热，大便干结，尿短赤，舌红干苔少或光剥，脉细数或细涩。 [证候分析] 脾阴虚证，以脾运无力兼以虚热之象为辨证要点。脾阴不足，运化受累，则纳食减少，口淡乏味，食后腹胀;化源匮乏，气血不充，则神疲乏力;阴液亏虚，机体失养，则身体消瘦;津不上承，则涎少唇干;津不下润，则便秘尿赤;阴虚化燥生热，则五心烦热。舌红干苔少或光剥，脉细数或细涩为阴液不足之征。 若以肠燥便秘、脉细涩为主要表现者，称为脾约证。 编辑本段肝阴虚证 指阴液亏损，肝失濡润，阴不制阳，虚热内扰，以头晕、目涩、胁痛、烦热等为主要表现的虚热证候。又名肝虚热证。 【临床表现】 头晕眼花，两目干涩，视力减退，或胁肋隐隐灼痛，面部烘热或两颧潮红，或手足蠕动，口咽干燥，五心烦热，潮热盗汗，舌红少苔乏津，脉弦细数。 【证候分析】本证多由情志不遂，气郁化火，耗伤肝阴;或热病后期，灼伤阴液;或肾阴不足，水不涵木，累及肝阴。以致肝失濡养，头目、筋脉失润，阴不制阳，虚热内扰。 肝阴不足，头目失濡，故头晕眼花，两目干涩，视力减退;肝络失养，虚火内灼，疏泄失职，故胁肋隐隐灼痛;筋脉失滋，筋膜挛急，则见手足蠕动;阴虚不能制阳，虚热内蒸，故五心烦热，午后潮热;阴虚内热，迫津外泄，则为盗汗;虚火上炎，故面部阵阵烘热，两颧潮红;阴液不能上承，则口干咽燥;舌红少津，脉弦细数，为肝阴不足，虚热内炽之征。 本证以头晕、目涩、胁痛等与虚热症状共见为辨证的主要依据。 肝血虚与肝阴虚均属肝的虚证，均有头晕等表现，但前者为血虚，无热象，常见眩晕、视物模糊、经少、肢麻手颤等症;后者为阴虚，虚热表现明显，常见眼干涩、潮热、颧红、手足蠕动等症。 编辑本段肾阴虚证 肾脏阴液不足，滋养和濡润功能减弱所表现的证候。多因素体阴虚，或久病伤肾，或房事过度，或热病伤阴，或过服温燥劫阴之品所致。临床表现为头晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、失眠多梦、潮热盗汗、五心烦热、咽干颧红、舌红少津、脉细数，男子兼见遗精，女子经少或经闭等。 肾阴虚以肾精亏虚兼有虚热之象为辨证要点。肾藏精、主骨，骨主髓，腰为肾之府，肾阴不足，骨骼失养，故腰膝酸软无力;肾阴不足，则髓海失充，故头晕耳鸣;阴虚则生内热，虚热内蒸，则潮热盗汗，五心烦热，咽干颧红，舌红少津，脉细弱;阴亏血少，故月经量少，经闭。治宜滋补肾阴，方用六味地黄丸、知柏地黄丸等。 男性肾阴虚用什么中成药好, 肾阴虚、肾阳虚是中医的一个术语，肾阴虚和肾阳虚是指中医讲的肾脏功能方面的症，我们平常讲肾虚，实际包括了肾阴虚和肾阳虚，也包括了阴阳两虚，但是现在在宣传上不是很细致，所以说解释不清，把有些问题混淆了。我简单的讲一下，这个涉及到中医基础理论，内容很多。比如说出现了一些腰膝酸软、四肢乏力、头晕耳鸣，包括一些脱发，还有一些牙齿松动，记忆力减退，容易衰老的也比较早，也还包括临床上的性欲减退，还有容易遗精、早泄等等，这都归为肾阴虚的症状，肾阴虚还容易出现虚热，中医有一个理论阴虚生内热，阳虚生外寒，所以有时候容易出现五心烦热，就是两个手心，两个脚心，心口感觉热的感觉，还有睡觉的时候，容易盗汗，就是睡着了，一醒身体有汗。他的特点，肾阴虚多发生在中青年的 - 11 - 时候，中青年活动量比较大，无论是学习、锻炼，精力上物质耗损比较多，对性功能这块，性欲不是特别低，但是射精容易快，有遗精现象。那么肾阳虚，大多数多少功能性的差，也有和肾阴虚相同的情况，比如说腰膝酸软，四肢乏力，还有性欲减退，但是因为它是阳分虚了，肾气虚了，所以出现一些怕冷的一些症状，中医有句话，阳虚生外寒，这样的人面色比较虚白，比较畏寒怕冷，手脚冰凉、小便清长，大便汤薄。这种人性欲比较低，和现代医学说的雄性激素低有相同之处。所以阳虚表现的是外在的，一般也可能由于身体比较弱，有肾阳虚的情况，但是大多数的是在中老年容易出现这种肾阳虚的情况，中青年肾阴虚比较多。所以说，我想是那样，一般就记住了，这两个特征，一个是年龄上的特征，肾阴虚多发生在中青年，肾阳虚多发生在中老年，肾阴虚容易有虚热的一些症状，肾阳虚有怕冷的症状。在性功能这块，肾阴虚是容易早泄遗精的比较多，肾阳虚的阳痿的比较多。当然有共同之处，比如说腰酸乏力，四肢酸软等等，这个是共同的症状。前列腺炎是一个现代医学术语，和这种肾阴虚、肾阳虚有交叉的地方，确实在临床说有一些人，因为虚火旺盛，也出现了一些在下焦这块有虚火，再加上吃一些辛辣食品等等，结果又有一些湿热，湿热和这种虚火交织在一起，就出现了前列腺炎的症状，尿频等的一些情况，小便黄，甚至也有一些小腹坠胀的一些情况。我们在治疗慢性前列腺炎过程中，如果有肾虚的情况，我们就应该考虑进去，这就是中医治病的特征所在，我们中医治疗前列腺炎和现代医学有一定区别，现代医学大多数考虑的是致病菌，是细菌性的，还是非细菌性的，或者是因为支原体、支原体，或者是淋球菌，在这点上讲，他也是非常对的，找到原因，采取相应的一些抗菌素进行治疗，直接对着病菌，这是非常对的。可是中医在这块治疗上，更有自己的特点所在，我们也把这块考虑进去，中医在治疗前列腺炎这块，我们也认为，他有湿热，我们用一些清热利湿、清热解毒的药，这个实际就是中医的抗菌素，比如说我们也常用的一些野菊花、地丁、鱼腥草，实际上用现在药理来分析，也是广谱抗菌素，副作用很小，在杀灭病菌这块效果也非常好，尤其是西药时间长了有抗药性了，换成中药效果竟然也很好，这样在临床上也屡见不鲜，所以中医在治疗前列腺这块也有类似于西医的抗菌素的作用，但是中医同时还有其他方法，比如说我们认为他是一种易病体质，比如说是虚火，我们可以用一些清虚火的药物，改善他的身体情况，改善致病的环境，把虚火去了，把湿邪去了，把他的体质改变了，他的发病几率就少了，中医能够改变，比如湿气大的人可以化湿，有虚火的人可以降虚火。第三，中医可以对于这种致病菌所造成的泌尿系统的一些损害给以修复，或者是我们说修复症状，比如说有很多人，通过化验检查，致病菌已经得到了控制，衣原体支原体感染，通过一段的用药之后，再化验就变成阴性了，但是病人的感觉还难受，这时候如果再用抗菌素，西药好像没有理论根据，效果也不好。但是中医有这方面的药，我们可以用一些化浊、通筋络的，软筋散结的，活血化瘀的这些，能够消除造成的功能性的障碍，效果也很好，有一些坠胀，我们用一些行气的药，作用也非常好。第四，涉及到久病必虚，任何一个病时间长了对身体的正气都是消耗，有些人得前列腺炎之后，出现体虚的症状，睡觉不好，我们中医可以扶助正气，我们可以益肾、健脾、养心，这样人的正气辅助了，也可以好得快一些。所以既可以治病，又可以改善身体的体质，又可以调整前列腺炎造成的功能上的一些问题，还能够辅助人的身体正气。所以不能简单的看肾虚和前列腺炎的关系，而是整体的说，前列腺炎如果出现了肾虚的症状，当然我们可以用补肾的一些药物，无论是肾阳虚还是肾阴虚，可是我们不能认为，所有前列腺炎都一定有肾虚的症状，比如说他得的时间比较短，没有肾虚的症状，就不需要补肾，所以前列腺炎跟肾虚是有一定的关系，是互相交叉的，在治疗的时候，医生自然会考虑这些。 编辑本段阴虚的症状 中医讲究阴阳平衡，而阴虚是一种非平衡状态，就是说你的身体出现了问题。阴是指体内的体液，包括血液、唾液、泪水、精液、内分泌及油脂分泌等;阳则指身体的机能。 阴虚者表现为阴津不足，身体呈缺水状态，以致眼干、鼻干、口干、皮 - 12 - 肤粗糙、头发干枯等。其典型症状是心烦易怒、失眠多梦、头晕眼花、腰膝酸软、小便次多量少、心跳偏快、夜间盗汗、手足心发热、耳鸣等。 此外，阴虚体质者还容易“上火”，表现为性情急躁，心烦易怒，情绪易波动，动不动就要来“火气”。所以，阴虚者应该经常提醒自己安神定志，保持稳定心态，还要学会及时转移不良情绪。 临床表现:头晕耳鸣，失眠多梦，健忘，腰膝酸软，性欲亢奋，遗精，女子经少或闭经，或崩漏，形体消瘦，咽干口燥，潮热，五心烦热，盗汗，颧红，舌红少苔或无苔，脉细数。 女性阴虚严重者可导致亡阴症，症状为:汗热而粘、呼吸短促、身畏热、手足温、躁妄不安、渴喜冷饮，或面色潮红、舌红而干、脉细数无力。此属体液大量消耗而表现出的阴津枯涸的病变，为危重症候，应及时予以滋阴补津。 补阴可以缓解女性阴虚症。由于阴虚造成人体营养不良，将会严重影响人体健康与生命活动，尤其是都市里工作的白领女性，很容易出现手足心热、盗汗、咽干、口燥等现象。若能及时补阴，不仅可以预防阴虚症状的出现，还可以对已出现的不良症状进行调节，起到治疗的效果。 编辑本段饮食调理 宜忌原则: 凡阴虚体质者，宜多吃些清补类食物，宜食甘凉滋润、生津养阴的食品，宜吃新鲜蔬菜反应果或纤维素及维生素较高的食物，宜吃含优质蛋白质丰富的食品。忌吃辛辣刺激性食品，忌吃温热香燥食品，忌吃煎炸炒爆的物品，忌吃性热上火食物，忌吃脂肪、碳水化合物含量过高的食物。 阴虚之人宜常吃下列食物: 鸭肉:能滋阴养胃。《本草汇》:“滋阴除蒸”。《随息居饮食谱》:“滋五脏之阴，清虚劳之热，养胃生津”。民间也认为鸭是最理想的清补之物，阴虚体质宜食之。 猪肉皮:猪肉有滋阴和润燥的作用。清代医家王孟英说:“猪肉补肾液，充胃汁，滋肝阴，润肌肤，止消渴。”《本草备要》:“猪肉，其味隽永，食之润肠胃，生精液，泽皮肤。”所以适宜阴虚体质者，猪皮效果更好。 鸡蛋:不仅能益气养血，而且无论鸡蛋白或鸡蛋黄，均有滋阴润燥的作用。鸡蛋被医学界认为是很好的蛋白质食品，其中卵白蛋白、卵球蛋白和卵黄磷蛋白，是很完全的蛋白质。凡阴虚之人食之颇宜，尤其是鸡蛋同大豆一起食用，如民间习惯用鸡蛋与豆浆同食，更有益处。 牛奶:具有滋阴养液、生津润燥的功效。历代医家对牛奶的滋阴作用颇多赞誉，或称牛奶“润肌止渴”，“润皮肤”，“润大肠”，或曰“滋润五脏”，“滋润补液”。凡体质属阴虚者，宜常食之，裨益颇多。 甲鱼:有滋阴凉血作用，为清补佳品，对阴虚之人，食之最宜。《本草备要》:“凉血滋阴”。《随息居饮食谱》认为甲鱼“滋肝肾之阴，清虚劳之热”。所以，甲鱼对阴虚血热或阴虚火旺、虚劳骨蒸者，更为适宜。甲鱼的背壳，又称鳖甲，也有滋阴补血作用，阴虚之人食之亦宜。 龟肉:性平，味甘咸，能滋阴补血，故阴虚者宜食之。《医林纂要》:“治骨蒸劳热，阴虚血热之症”。由乌龟壳加工而成的龟板或龟板胶，同样具有滋阴补血的功效，阴虚之人也宜服食。 干贝:又称江珧柱、马甲柱，为一种海鲜食品。性平，味甘咸，能滋阴补肾。《本草求真》:“滋真阴”。《本草从新》:“疗消渴”。干贝肉质细嫩，味道鲜美，属高蛋白食品，故阴虚之人宜常用干贝炖汤，最为有益。 海参:有滋阴、补血、益精、润燥的作用。《药性考》:“降火滋肾”。《食物宜忌》:“海参补肾精，益髓”。清代食医王孟英认为海参能“滋阴，补血，润燥”。海参是一种高蛋白低脂肪的海味珍品，大能补益，又能滋阴，阴虚体质宜常食之。 蛤蜊:能滋阴、化痰、软坚。古代医家认为“蛤蜊功同蚌蚬，滋阴明目”。明?缪希雍曾经指出:“蛤蜊其性滋润而助津液，故能润五脏，止消渴，开胃也。”可见阴虚体质或阴虚病人，包括糖尿病、干燥综合症、结核病以及肿瘤病等，食之颇宜。 忌食物品 凡阴虚体质者忌吃或少吃狗肉、羊肉、雀肉、海马、海龙、獐肉、锅耙、炒花生、炒黄豆、炒瓜子、爆米花、荔枝、龙眼肉、佛手柑、杨梅、大蒜、韭菜、芥菜、辣椒、薤白、胡椒、砂仁、荜拨、草豆蔻、花椒、肉桂、白豆蔻、大茴香、小茴香、丁香、薄荷、白酒、香烟、红参、肉苁蓉、锁阳等。词条图册更多图册 - 13 - 阴虚，中医名词，同阳虚相对。指精血或津液亏损的病理现象。因精血和津液都属阴，故称阴虚，多见于劳损久病或热病之后而致阴液内耗的患者。由于阴虚不能制火(火炽则灼伤阴液而更虚，两者常互相影响。阴虚主症为五心烦热或午后潮热(盗汗(颧红(消瘦(舌红少苔等。 阴虚多因血虚， “阴虚生内热”，表现为五心烦热、口干 咽燥，神烦气粗，尿黄便干等;体质虚衰、心悸气短、头晕眼花、精神状态差;月经不调、面色无华、黑色素沉着，黄褐斑、蝴蝶斑滋生;更年期困扰;过早进入更年期;一般多见于女仕、各种机能亢进性疾病如肺结核、长期低烧等。 阴虚的人应该多吃一些滋补肾阴的食物，以滋阴潜阳为法。常选择的食物，如芝麻、糯米、绿豆、藕、马兰头、大白菜、黑木耳、银耳、豆腐、甘蔗、李、桃子、西瓜、黄瓜、百合、山药、乌贼、甲鱼、海参、鲍鱼、螃蟹、牛奶、牡蛎、蛤蜊、海蜇、鸭肉、猪皮等。这些食品性味多甘寒性凉，都有滋补机体阴气的功效。可适当配合补阴药膳有针对性地调养。阴虚火旺的人，应少吃辛辣的东西，火锅最好少吃，鸡肉也不要多吃，蒸、炸、爆、烤的食物也应少吃些，水果中龙眼肉、荔枝能不吃就不吃。阴虚是惟一不用忌食冷饮的，冷饮对阴虚有调整作用，当然，鼓励多吃但也不能过。 阴虚多由热病之后或杂病日久伤耗阴液，或因五志过极房事不节过服温燥之品等使阴液暗耗而成阴液亏少，机体失去濡润滋养硕土，同时由于阴不制阳则阳热之气相对偏旺而生内热，故表现为多次一派虚热干燥不润虚火躁扰不宁的证候。 阴虚可与气虚血虚阳虚阳亢精亏津液亏虚以及燥邪等证候同时慢性存在或互为因果，表现为病人气阴亏虚证、阴血亏虚证、阴阳两虚证、阴虚阳亢证、阴精亏虚证、阴津(液)亏虚证、阴虚内燥证等阴虚，进而可发展成阳虚，亡阴阴虚可导致动风气滞血瘀水停等病理变化 中医认为肾虚病症有阴虚阳虚之分，补肾应当针对肾阴肾阳的不同就读采用对症的相应方法进行理论。肾阴虚者常见有肺热、咽燥、腰膝酸软、头晕耳鸣、舌苔偏红等症状，可选用海参、枸杞、甲鱼、银耳等浙江进行滋补，饮食中应多吃清凉食品如山药、芡实、金银花、绿豆、决明子、鱼汤等;肾阳虚者常见有肢体畏寒、精神萎靡、腰酸耳鸣、舌淡体胖等症状，应选择羊肉、鹿茸肉、苁蓉、肉桂、益智仁等补之。 著名学者聂文涛先生总结四句科普:“阴虚发热;阳虚怕冷;血虚发燥;气虚无力。” 这四句话虽然不能涵盖辨证的全部，确实很多人理解了不同的虚症。而阴虚可见于多个脏器系统组织的病变常见者有肺阴虚证、心阴虚证、胃阴虚证、脾阴虚证、肝阴虚证、肾阴虚证等以并见各脏器的病状为诊断至今依据。 - 14 - (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 15 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 16 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 17 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 18 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 19 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 20 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 21 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 22 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 23 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 24 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 25 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 26 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 27 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 28 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 29 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 30 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 31 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 32 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 33 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 34 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 35 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 36 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 37 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 38 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 39 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 40 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 41 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 42 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 43 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 44 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 45 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 46 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 47 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 48 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 49 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 50 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 51