罗汉松种植技术

罗汉松种植技术 罗汉松的种植技术 俗话说:“家有罗汉松一世不会穷”，一直以来罗汉松都被人们称为富贵树而被广泛地种植，有花园的会种上几大棵，没花园的会在客厅摆上一两小盆。下面我介绍一下罗汉松的一些特性和种植的要点。 一、罗汉松的习性及品种 罗汉松又称土杉，罗汉松科常绿小乔木。树皮灰褐色，有鳞片状裂纹。主于直立，小枝平展，密生。叶条状披针形，呈螺旋状互生，面浓绿色，背面黄绿色或灰绿色。花期4,5月。种子核果状，广卵形或球形，熟时呈紫红色，有白粉。种子似头状，种托似袈裟，全形如披袈裟的罗汉，故名。 罗汉松为亚热带树种，产长江流域及其以南各省区。较耐阴，喜生于温暖湿润环境，较寒地区只可作盆栽。适生于肥沃疏松、排水良好、微酸性的砂质壤土。对有害气体的抗性较强。由于多年来的人工培育，罗汉松分为许多个品种:雀舌(小叶)、珍珠、二乔、日本、台湾、海南等品种的罗汉松。其中小叶罗汉松，又称雀舌松，叶密生而较短，长仅2厘米左右，植株呈灌木状，更适于制作盆景且叶形优美，深受广大人们的欢迎。 二、罗汉松的种植 罗汉松通常以人工繁殖为主，可以用播种或扦插繁殖，播种于8月下旬采种，除去种托，随采随播，或阴干后砂藏，于次年春季3月播种，条播行距15厘米，覆土厚度为种子直径的3倍。播后盖上稻草，出苗后及时揭草，搭棚遮阴。春播苗勤加管理，干时浇水，每15,20天施1次稀薄饼肥水，9月停止、施肥;秋播要注意人冬防寒，当年不施肥 。播种苗一年后移植，培育成大苗再供盆景造型或花园装饰之用。 扦插繁殖分春插与秋插，春插于3月上、中旬进行，选择生长健壮的一年生枝条，截成长8,12厘米的插穗，去掉中部以下叶片，插深1,2左右，为促进快速生根，可用500*10PP浓度的生长激素茶乙酸 处理下部切口处。插后要搭棚遮阴，并常喷叶面水，保持土壤湿润，约60,80天即可生根。秋插于8, 9月进行，取半木质化的嫩枝为插穗，方法同春插， 入冬后需盖塑料薄膜及草帘防寒。小苗宜在3月份带土移植，培育大苗。 三、上盆造型 (1)上盆 ?选盆:罗汉松盆景姿态苍古秀雅，常用紫砂陶盆或釉陶盆。盆形随树形而定，悬崖式用高深干筒盆，斜干式、卧干式用中深 长方盆或椭圆盆，提根式、附石式用较浅盆钵。 ?用土:盆土宜用肥沃湿润、质地疏松、排水良好、微酸性的砂质壤土。盆底填一层粗砂土，以利透水。 ?栽植:移植上盆在春季发芽前为好，大苗宜带宿土，并剪除枯根和过长根系，使须根在盆土中舒展开，将土揪实与根系密接，有利生长与成活。 (2)造型 罗汉松上盆造型以攀扎为主，适当结合修剪。攀扎宜在休眠期进行，以棕丝扎，做到棕不露外，主干曲，枝条虬屈，姿态自然。小枝叶修剪成层片状或半球状，分层参差有致。罗汉松枝条柔软，较易攀扎，且耐修剪，特别是小叶罗汉松枝密叶小，可加工成各种形式。现在为了造型方便，也可采用金属丝攀扎，待成型后，应及时拆除金属丝或棕丝，以免陷丝。 罗汉松可塑性大，可加工成多种树形，如曲干式、斜干式、卧于式、悬崖式及提根式等。枝叶通过剪扎，可制成云片式或馒头式，姿态苍古秀雅。 四、养护管理 (1)浇水 罗汉松耐阴湿，生长期要经常浇水，但不宜渍水。夏季要常喷叶面水，使叶色鲜绿，生as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 长良好。 (2)施肥 成型的盆景不宜多施肥，春季适当施1,2次稀薄饼肥水，秋季停止施肥，以免萌发秋芽，对越冬不利。 (3)修剪 罗汉松可常年进行修剪，主要剪去徒长枝、病枯枝，以保持优美树形。开花时最好及时将花蕾摘去，以免结果消耗养分，影响生长势。 (4)翻盆 可2,3年翻盆一次，以春季3,4月进行为好。 翻盆时换去1,2旧土，并结合剪去枯根，将须根舒展开，如植株增大可换以较大盆钵。此外，还可结合翻盆，逐步提根，附以山石，塑造提根式或附石 式盆景。 (5)病虫害防治 常见病害有煤污病、叶斑病，可用0(5,,1,波尔多液，在梅雨季节前一个月，每10天喷药l次，连续3次，即可起到防治效果;或用50%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液喷洒。主要虫害有大蓑蛾、红蜡介壳虫、红蜘蛛等，可用敌敌畏1200,1500倍液喷杀之，也可用40,乐果1500倍液喷杀。 五、观赏 罗汉松盆景树姿葱翠秀雅，苍古矫健，叶色四季鲜绿，有苍劲高洁之感。如附以山石，制作成鹰爪抱石的姿态，更为古雅别致。罗汉松与竹、石组景，极为雅致。丛林式罗汉松盆景，配以放牧景物，可给人以野趣的享受。如培养得法，经数十年乃 至百年长荣不衰，即成一盆绝佳的罗汉松盆景。 怎样选购一棵有价值和有前途的台湾兰屿罗汉松, 现在是经济时代“鱼目混珠”是经常发生。 很多生产商家借着一个好的品牌，用其他成本低、利润高、形态近似的产品来蒙骗消费者，使真正的产品无法推广。台湾罗汉松的品种是很多的，为什么台湾罗汉松在这短短的几年间得到广大的人们喜爱,因为这个品种正是台湾兰屿罗汉松的特点:形态好、枝条自然、叶片密而短、攀扎容易，一年四季发新芽，不容易变形;小苗生长速度快，10-15厘米高的树种，种植4~5年树高可达2.5米、头直径有7厘米 。(图 1、2) as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 图2 本人对台湾罗汉松研究已有多年，现将怎样分辨真伪台湾兰屿罗汉松的几点意见发表给广大的消费 者参考: as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 1、芽头:用肉眼看，发新芽时每个芽头都有鲜红色。(图3) 图3 2、叶片:叶片浅黄色带有很浅的红色，背面有反光的银白色，看起来很漂亮。(图4) as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 图4 3、叶芽:新芽长到4~5厘米时每个芽都有10片以上的叶片。(图5) as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 图5 4、每棵苗长到15厘米高左右开始有分枝。(图6) as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 图6 5、老叶:大面积看老叶都是偏黄、叶芽密。(图7) 图7 6、在幼苗时叶片大，到大约40~50厘米 高时叶片开始变短，看像一朵盛开的菊花。(图8、9) 图8 as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 图9 7、这棵是已变了种的罗汉松，特点是叶片疏。(图10) as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic 图10 现在市面上有很多小苗都是在国内收摘的种子，基因是有的，但是长大后叶片疏而不密，叶片不会 变短。品种已变，请注意。 以上几点，细心观察就会很容易分辨真伪台湾兰屿罗汉松。朋友们都想购买到真正有前途和有价值 的罗汉松苗，好品质的罗汉松是要经得起时间的考验，做好产品必须靠优良的品质来占领市场。 as corrosion, damp; information, instructions, drawings are complete. 5.1.3.2.2 install (1) civil engineering construction is completed, cabinet base, bracket installed, meets the design requirements; (2) air conditioning systems installation finished, under normal operating conditions, indoor temperature and humidity reach system requirements; (3) power and interior lighting is put into normal operation of the system; (4) finished construction of the grounding system, grounding resistance meets the design requirements (less than 4 ohms). 5.1.3.2.3 instrument enclosure using bolts based on the weld is strictly prohibited. Instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation see Xia table: instrument disc cabinet installation of allows deviation project allows deviation (mm) vertical degrees <1.5 level deviation adjacent two disc top Department < 20% column disc top Department <5 disc surface deviation adjacent two disc side < 10% column disc surface < 5 disc indirect sewing <2 5.1.3.2.4 internal cable laying wiring (1) control room internal cable including grounding line, and signal line, and power line and dedicated cable, wiring requirements neatly beautiful, and line standard specifications consistent, wiring right firm; (2) check the intrinsically safe circuit, confirm with the system cable and terminal block of the color (usually blue) meet the requirements, connection of intrinsically safe circuits shall ensure that safe areas isolated from the danger zone; (3) safety grounding, earthing according to design drawings and system technical requirements for construction, equipment grounding ... Hardware checks at the factory set DIP switch position should be recorded and the hardware address switch, swap cards must not directly touch the electronic