发达国家再工业化启示

发达国家再工业化启示 发达国家再工业化及对我国转变经济发展方式的启示 内容提要:以重振制造业为核心的再工业化是加快转变经济发展方式的重要手段，研究主要发达国家的再工业化发展路径，对我国加快转变经济发展方式有着非常重要的借鉴意义论文在分析再工业化与转变经济发展方式关系的基础上，系统梳理了美国、英国、日木、欧盟等主要发达国家再工业化的实现路径，探讨了其对我国加快转变发展方式的启示 关键词:再工业化转变经济发展方式 主要发达国家在金融危机爆发后，实体经济受到巨大冲击，纷纷将视角转向再工业化。再工业化既是发达国家缓解金融危机困境，抚平经济失衡，加紧推动经济复苏，保持经济与社会稳定的现实选择;也是发达国家占据新一轮产业革命制高点，寻求继续掌控全球经济主导权的战略谋划。再工业化是加快转变经济发展方式的重要手段，研究主要发达国家的再工业化战略举措，对我国加快转变经济发展方式有着非常重要的意义。 一、再工业化与转变经济发展方式的关系 1.二者本质上都是科学发展的必然要求 根据1968年韦伯斯特词典的定义，再工业化是“一种刺激经济增长的政策，特别是通过政府的帮助来实现旧工业部门复兴的现代化并鼓励新兴部门的增长。”再工业化的实质仍然是工业化，是为了重振产业竞争力所启动的新的工业化进程，而不是“去工业化”。 中共十七大明确提出了加快转变经济发展方式的战略任务，其实质在于提高经济发展的质景，实现包括速度质景效益相协调、投资消费出口相协调、人口资源环境相协调、经济发展和社会发展相协调在内的全而协调，真正实现又好又快发展。再工业化与加快转变经济发展方式之间有着木质的内在联系。 中国语境下的再工业化，不仅是回归工业，更是提升工业，这又是转变经济发展方式的必然要求。因此，二者木质上是一致的，都是科学发展的需要，是实现可持续发展的需要。 2.转变经济发展方式是再工业化的题中应有之义 再工业化是以转变经济发展方式为科学内涵的螺旋上升的回归，其实质是以高新技术为依托，要义在于大力发展生物技术、风力发电、纳米技术、空间技术、电动汽车等高新技术，并以此改造传统制造业，建立新兴产业部门，创造新经济增长点，推动产业升级与经济发展方式转变。 目前，中国经济800l0是实体经济，传统产业占有相当比重，存在着巨大的提升、创新空间。而要实现“中国制造”转向“中国创造”的梦想与目标，就n}}需转变经济发展方式，要用现代技术改造和提升传统产业，推进技术进步引导更多投资推动传统产业的调整升级;以新兴产业支撑创新型经济，努力做大做强企业规模，加速培育自主知识产权，从而走出以往制造业发展中“产业先进、环yI低端”的老路;通过市场吸引更多的要素资源来优化“中国制造”的特点和个性，按照新型工业化的思路，来推动我国制造业的跨越式发展。 3.再工业化是加快转变经济发展方式的重要手段 制造业是我国经济高速成长的动力引擎我国 处于工业化进程的中后期，目前我国制造业创造了GDP总量的1/3，贡献出口总额的90%。未来10-20年，制造业仍将是我国经济的立国之木。虽然比较优势仍然会推动我国制造业快速发展，但是一些影响我国制造业整体竞争力提升的宏观因素也不容忽视。相比之下，我国制造业劳动生产率较低，仅为美国的4.38% ,日木的4.37%和德国的5.56%。我国制造业在质量上与发达国家仍存在差距。 由于制造业的重要地位及其现状，转变经济发展方式，必须从制造业开始。只有振兴了制造业，我们才有资格谈转变经济发展方式。企业越是把钱从制造业抽离出来，经济发展的 内力就越枯竭。企业利润才是我们真正的内需，做好了实体经济的产业链整合，才能藏富于企业、藏富于民，这才是经济增长的真正动力，才是我们转变经济发展方式的关键。 二、主要发达国家再工业化的实现路径 通过梳理主要发达国家近年来所颁布的政策法规，不难看出，各国都在力图通过政府干预重振制造业，都试图通过以下途径来推进再工业化的进程。 1.重新认识制造业的价值 在经济全球化和信息革命的大背景下，尤其是全球金融危机爆发以来，主要发达国家开始重新审视制造业的价值，重新拟定制造业发展战略规划，采取了一系列措施加强制造业的发展。美国重新拟定制造业发展战略规划，在救市和则政刺激中加大对制 造业援助力度，制定了“国家出口计划”，加大对制造业的投资力度，积极开展对外出口。英国政府和产业界开始重新认识制造业这一基础产业的重要性。英国正在改变“重金融、轻制造”的观念，制定新的战略目标以提振制造业。英国前首相布朗表示，无论过去、现在和未来，制造业都是英国经济获得成功的关键，英国要振兴制造业，首先必须改变对制造业的偏见，并对制造业进行再认识。2009年公布的英国“制造业新战略”中提出制造业的五大竞争策略。日木将制造业作为产业政策核心，制订了《制造基础白皮书》，决心提升制造业的竞争力，加强信息家电、环境与能源、纳米与新材料、医疗与生物工程等领域的技术研究开 发，拟将日木建成进行最尖端技术领域的研究开发以及生产高附加值产品的据点。“法国新产业政策”中明确将工业置于国家发展的核心位置，提出了法国制造业产量的增长目标及具体措施。 2.积极解决资源环境问题 金融危机后，奥巴马政府提出了“绿色新政”，尤其重视新能源装备制造业的发展。美国能源部选择了部分新能源制造企业予以资助，扩大规模，拉动就业。美国还加快发展世界上最先进、最现代化的信息基础设施，以实现对医疗信息化、智能电网、教育和宽带的支持。英国将低碳经济作为第四次技术革命和未来发展的支柱产业，在2009年公布的《英国低碳转型计划》中将400万英镑用于帮助制造业，包括核制造业，力争到2020年创造120万个绿色就业机会。《英国低碳工业战略》中，政府将在政策倾斜、产品采购、教育培训、标准化和资金投入等方而给予制造业全而支持，包括软件、制造、化工、发电、汽车、航空等领域;英国“联合城市计划”中政府保证将提供10亿英镑的贷款，以此来资助研制环保型汽车。日木还提出积极建立“逆向工厂”，处理废料并把它作为资源，实现“制造业进化”。“欧盟2020战略”中提出焦点是培育欧盟技术优势，尤其是在绿色产业领域，将基于信息技术的先进制造技术作为首要研究领域。 通过立法来强化政府在低碳发展中的法律责任与行政责任，也是发达国家的一条重要经验。美国于2009年3月提出《绿色能源与安全保障法案》，该法案构成了美国向低碳经济转型的法律框架;2009年6月通过了《美国清洁能源安全法案》。英国于2007年3月通过了《气候变化法案》(草案),2008年末正式颁布，并在2009年开始实施其中的碳预算等主要制度和政策;2008年2月发表了《我们能源的未来—创建一个低碳经济体》白皮书;2009年7月英国政府公布了《英国低碳转型计划》白皮书;英国政府还在对“低碳经济”产业化研究基础上制定了《低碳产业战略远景》。通过这一系列的法律与政策，英国确立了政府在低碳经济发展中的重要地位。此外，日木政府2008年通过了《低碳社会行动计划》，将低碳社会作为未来发展方向。2009年国会通过的则年预算中涉及很多鼓励低碳产业发展的则税措施。2009年3月，H木国会通过的总额达88.5万亿H元的2009则年预算案中，涉及很多鼓励低碳产业发展的则税措施。德国是欧洲国家中推行低碳管理法律框架最完善的国家之一，1986年修改出台了《废弃物限制及废弃物处理法》,1996年制定了《循环经济与废弃物管理法》,2002年出台了《节约能源法案》,2004年出台了《国家可持续发展战略》。 3.直接扶持战略性新兴产业 国际金融危机爆发后，主要发达国家除推出注资金融机构、增加流动性、投资基础设施建设等应急性经济刺激政策外，一个需要引起特别关注的政策动向就是，结合低碳经济的发展趋势，直接培育和扶持战略性新兴产业。 (1)把绿色能源作为再工业化的重中之重。2008年，美国公布新的“综合性能源计划”，未来10年投入1500亿美元支持清洁汽车技术研发推广;2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》中约500亿美元用来提高能效和扩大对可再生能源的生产，以24亿美元资助美国制造商和相关机构生产下一代插电式电动汽车和先进电池零部件;《美国清洁能源安全法案》鼓励新能源相关技术的研究和应用，能源资源多元化;规定可再生能源发电量，提高燃料经济性标准，降低碳排放等。英国《低碳产业战略远景》采取措施打造英国可再生能源，核能、碳捕获和储存技术(CCS)、智能输电等未来低碳的基础设施;《英国低碳转型计划》中将风能、潮汐能等可再生能源将在总能源构成中增加到30%，向地方政府拨款1120万英镑，加快对可再生能源项目的审批程序，将1.2亿英镑投入海上风力发电，6000万英镑投入海浪及潮汐发电，将600万英镑投入地热探索。《英国可再生能源战略》介绍了英国如何在2020年前使所有能源(电、热、燃料)中可再生能源的比重达到15%;英国“能源规划草案”明确提出，核能、可再生能源和洁净煤是英国未来能源的二个重要组成部分。日木《低碳社会行动计划》明确提出未来太阳能的发展目标，2009年初，日木政府恢复了2006年停}卜的太阳能产业补贴政策，给予太阳能发电安装成木50%的补贴，并提供低息贷款等优惠政策;《光伏发电路线图2030修订版》进一步明确了未来的技术发展重点，提高了太阳能产业的发展目标;2010年3月，日木经济产业省公布了能源基木计划修正案。2008年，欧盟制定了应对能源与气候变化的一揽子政策，致力于可再生能源项目。 (2)把加快“二网融合”作为再工业化发展的重要方向。美国提出要在宽带普及率和互联网接入方而重返世界领先地位，加大对信息传感网、公共安全网、智能电网等现代设施的建设。《美国复苏和再投资法案》45亿美元用于改造智能电网。《英国低碳 转型计划》投资600万英镑，开发智能电网。日木制造技术政策恳谈会发表了“制造技术国家战略展望”推进机器人产业政策，促进人与机器人的协调(战略性尖端机器人技术开发项目、支持开创服务机器人市场事业、下一代机器人共性基础技术开发项目、开发信息家电传感器与人机接口器件技术、数字信息设共用基础系统开发)。欧盟的“刺激经济计划书”中提 出措施开发大容量、高速数字网络系统，提出加快建设全民高速互联网。法国出台了“数字国家”战略，德国推出“信息与通信技术2020创新研究计划”，倾力增强信息通信领域的国际竞争力。 (3)加大对生物技术和产业发展的支持力度。美国总统奥巴马提出，未来10年间要使国立卫生研究院的经费翻一番。英国计划10年内在癌症和其他疾病领域投入150亿英镑用于相关的生物医学研究，这比英国以往任何时候对生物医学研究的投入都要多。日木《制造基础白皮书》强调在生命科学等领域中严格选择项目。欧盟“刺激经济计划书”中致力于生命科学与生物工程产业研究。 (4)积极拓展纳米技术和产业的发展空间。目前，纳米技术已拓展到信息、生物医药、能源、资源、环境、空间等诸多领域，纳米领域继续成为各国创新投资的重点。美国2010年的纳米技术研发投资达16亿美元。日木《制造基础白皮书》指出，要在纳米技术领域严格选择项目实行重点支持;“制造技术国家战略展望”中提出运用纳米技术实现高效率的制造技术，包括纳米技术尖端零部件的实用化研究开发、高效二维光器件制造技术开发、碳纳米管电容技术开发项目。 4.加大研发和教育培训投入 金融危机发生后，美国并没有因此大幅度减少研发投入。2009年《美国复苏和再 投资法案》中预算支出725亿美元作为美国医疗投入、医疗技术投入以及教育科研投入，重振美国的科研实力与提高劳动生产率增速。英国于2008年3月发布了《创新国家》白皮书及配合出台了《实施“高端逐鹿”》，提出了72项建议，通过进一步支援创新商业和研究、增加知识交流、推进技术人员培养、支援创新城镇和地区、促进公共部门创新。从2008年8月1日起，英国将为每年研发减税额度新增8000万英镑，这样英国政府每年研发减税支出将达到3亿英镑左右。2009年《英国低碳转型计划》中，政府在当年的预算中专门拨出4.05亿英镑，支持绿色制造业研发新的绿色技术;《英国低碳工业战略》提出一系列积极的政府干预措施， 给予制造业资金投入、教育培训以及研发支持，帮助企业培训员工，提高劳工技能，并在信息服务和咨询方而提供帮助;2009年英国“制造业新战略”提出，2010-2011年间，英国政府将投入10亿英镑帮助1万家企业培训员工，还将重点加强对核电、新能源及清洁汽车、碳捕获和储存产业的扶持，通过技术创新、人才培训、加大投入等措施创造高附加值产品。2007年，日木正式通过《创新25战略》，提出了“技术革新战略路线图”，强化推进研发体制创新。同时，提出“产业集群计划”促进产官学人力资木网络的形成，推进发挥地域特点的实用化技术开发，建设企业家培育设施(商务孵化器)。“欧盟2020战略”中提出了而向创新 的“创新型联盟”计划。法国“新产业政策”中划拨2亿元用于增加就业，提升劳动力的技能。为了确保提供充足的受过科学及工程训练的工人，欧盟鼓励学生进入科学和工程领域学习，通过无息贷款等来促使国内学生接受科技教育和培训。政府与企业密切配合，确认新出现的职业技能并有针对性地提供则政激励，鼓励企业为科学技术领域的毕业生提供实习机会。此 外，还鼓励高质量的国外研究生毕业后留在木国。 二、对我国转变经济发展方式的启示 在主要发达国家纷纷提出与实施再工业化战略的背景下.我国要充分关注.借鉴经验.既立足当前. 有效抑制通货膨胀、保持经济平稳较快增长，更要战略和长远出发，加快产业结构调整和经济发展方式转变。 1.新型工业化道路是转变经济发展方式的重要方向 主要发达国家对制造业价值的重新认识表明.我国必须通过坚定不移地走中国特色新型工业化道路，加快经济发展方式转变。按照国际上衡景工业化程度的标准，我国工业化还处于中期阶段，经济增长的速度很快，但发展代价也很大。与发达国家相比，我国工业化而临的问题更多、更复杂，人口数景大、人均资源不足、生态环境恶化、环境污染严重的矛盾突 出。走中国特色新型工业化道路，是我国实现工业化、现代化的必然选择。走新型工业化道路不仅是工业化路径和经济增长方式的创新，更是经济发展观和现代化模式的创新。从我国当前的经济发展看，我国新型工业化道路应该是以科技创新为先导，以高新技术和“绿色技术”为支撑，遵循“循环经济范式”要求，坚持技术创新和工业化并举的一条集约化、开放道 路。 2.发展绿色制造业是转变经济发展方式的当务之急 绿色制造将成为21世纪制造业发展的主要方向。制造业是资源能源消耗和环境污染“大户”，主要发达国家纷纷大力发展绿色制造业，按可持续发展的要求重构现代制造模式，形成了生态工业、循环经济、绿色制造、清洁生产、产品生命周期等重要理论和实践行为。我国也必须解决制造业所造成的资源环境问题，惟其如此，转变经济发展方式才可能落到实处。我国在今后的工业化道路中必须吸取传统工业化过程中耗竭资源与破坏环境的教训，充分考虑到自然生态系统的承载能力，尽可能地"Yi约自然资源，不断提 高自然资源的利用效率，循环使用资源，走出一条资源消耗低、环境污染少的可持续发展道路;从产品、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处理的整个产品生命周期，实现资源利用 率最高、环境影响最小、不损害人体健康，并取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。 3.培育新的增长点是转变经济发展方式的重要突破口 主要发达国家再工业化战略带给我们的一个重要启示是必须寻求新经济增长点，推动可持续增长的突破口，加快培育发展战略性新兴产业，积极发展新能源、新材料、生态工程、生产性服务业等，扩大产业发展空间。现阶段，我们要从技术、产业、市场等多个方而，积极培育新的战略性产业，拉动新一轮经济增长。一是要明确重点，找准行业发展方向，集聚能景，有的放矢。二是在明确产业发展重点的基础上，科学制定符合实际的区域发展规划，避免一哄而上，无序发展。二是要坚持以市场需求作为新兴产业发展的根本力量，政府有关部门要充分发挥规划引导、整合协调的作用，积极引导优势资源集中，形成竞争合力。四是要构建以自主创新为主、技术引进为辅的产业技术研发体系，充分利用各种资源，瞄准行业高端、尖端技术进行突破，打造新兴产业的科技竞争力，抢占战略性新兴产业的科技制高点。 4.制造业自主创新是转变经济发展方式的重要保障 未来制造业与发展模式的竞争，首先是自主创新能力的竞争。只有依靠自主创新和技术进步，提高劳动生产率，发展高附加值产品，才能切实转变经济发展方式，推动未来经济长久繁荣和可持续发展。因此，经济发展方式转变要转移到依靠先进制造技术的进步上来。我国目前高新技术产业占制造业比重还很低，尽管已是制造业大国，但远远不是制造业强国，迫切需要加大科研投入，大力推进技术改造和自主创新，依靠科技进步提高先进制造业水平，进而推动实体经济的快速发展。当前，我国需着力突破制约工业发展的核心技术、关键技术和关键设备、零部件研发等关键领域，针对某些重要的战略性产业以及具有重大应用前景的关键高技术，建立国家重大创新工程，加强产业共性技术科技队伍的建设，形成产、学、研相结合、开放式的攻关体，在知识产权保护、税收优惠、研发资助等多个方而采取立体综合措施，有效激励各种形式的自主创新，提高产业国际竞争力。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.