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星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language

2017-09-01 2页 doc 14KB 46阅读

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星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language 学习辅助网 www.5730.net ?以下是考研屋www.kaoyanwu.com为大家整理的星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language,供大家参考,希望会对您有所帮助~ Passage 42 Is There a Backward Language Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of ...
星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language
星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language 学习辅助网 www.5730.net ?以下是考研屋www.kaoyanwu.com为大家整理的星火英语网:Is There a Backward Language,供大家参考,希望会对您有所帮助~ Passage 42 Is There a Backward Language Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings.In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another,just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established, by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today.Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language is distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the 莘莘学子必备的交流网站----学习辅助网 www.5730.net 学习辅助网 www.5730.net 学习辅助网 www.5730.net 学习路上必备的交流学习网站 莘莘学子必备的交流网站----学习辅助网 www.5730.net
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