出国旅游应急英语必备学习

出国旅游应急必备学习 美式论文、写作技巧 编者按美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用因此报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文含毕业论文等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯在启发式的教育环境下写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强但是达能力由於自小培养加上英语能力的优势常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首Preliminaries本文Texts以及参考资料References三部分构成而这三大部分各自内容如下 一 篇首 封面Title 序言Preface 谢词Acknowledge 提要Summary 目录Tables and Appendixes 二 本文 引言Introduction 主体含篇Part、章Chapter、节Section 、以及注释 Footnotes 三参考资料 参考书目References or Bibliography 附录资料Appendix。 进行论文或报告写作之前先要确定想要表达的主题主题确定后将其具体表达即为题目。题目可以提供研究者 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之后就开始找资料从事研究建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤 大纲是论文、报告的骨干 Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告要基于在完整、详实的资料上而参考资料除了和教授商借之外最主要的来源就是图书馆了一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪即可开始着手写报告一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告也至少应含 一TITLE PAGES 包含主题名称、作者、日期 二Summary 即主要的结论 三Introduction包括理论背景及内容 四Technical Sections是论文的主体为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 五Conclusions即扼要的结论 六Appendixes复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字两行式行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑如有计算数字统计图表的需求也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS统计软体如SAS也是不可或缺的电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具文书处理更是最基本的要求因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说Presentation用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助正式讲演前多预习几次时间宜控制适中上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念需留意听众的反应切中主题避免太多数字的导引。 出国旅游应急英语 内容浅显通俗、轻松活泼、实用有趣是适合想要出国、准备出国、已经出国的读者以及对日常英语及相关文化感兴趣的读者的优质英语学习也是从事相关方向英语教学的教师参考书同时也适用于相关教育机构的教育与培训。 1. 机场英语 机场指示牌 airport signs 机场费airport fee 国际机场 international airport 国内机场 domestic airport 国际候机楼 international terminal 国际航班出港 international departure 国内 航班出站 domestic departure 入口 entrance 出口 exit out way out 进站进港、到达 arrivals 不需报关 nothing to declare 海关 customs 登机口 gate departure gate 候机 室 departure lounge 航班号 FLT No flight number 来自…… arriving from 预计时间 scheduled time SCHED 实际时间 actual 已降落 landed 前往 departure to 起飞时间 departure time 延误 delayed 登机 boarding 由此乘电梯前往登机 stairs and lifts to departures 迎宾处 greeting arriving 由此上楼 up upstairs 由此下楼 down downstairs 货币兑换处 money exchange currency exchange 订旅馆 hotel reservation 行李暂存箱 luggage locker 出站出站、离开departures 登机手续办理 check-in 登机 牌 boarding pass card 护照检查处passport control immigration 行李领取处 luggage claim baggage claim 国际航班旅客 international passengers 中转旅客 transfer passengers 中转处 transfer correspondence 过境 transit 报关物品 goods to declare 贵宾室 V.I.P. room 购票处 ticket office 付款处 cash 出租车乘车点 Taxipick-up point 大轿车乘车点 coachpick-up opint 航空公司汽车服务处 airline coach service 租车处旅客自己驾车 car hire 男厕 men??s gent??s gentlemen??s 女厕 women??s lady??s 厕所 toilet 免税店 duty-free shop 邮局 post office 出售火车售 rail ticket 旅行安排 tour arrangement 行李暂存箱 luggage locker 行李牌 luggage tag 机票 air ticket 旅客姓名 name of passenger 旅行经停地点 good for passenger between 订座 情况 status 机票确认 ticket confirm 承运人公司 carrier 座舱等级 classfare basis 机号 plane No. 机座号 seat No. 非吸烟席 non-smoking seat 姓 family name / surname 名 First Name / Given Name 国籍 nationality 护照号 passport No. 原住地 country of Origin Country where you live 前往目的地国 destination country 登机城市 city where you boarded 签证签发地 city where visa was issued 签发日期 date issue 街道及门牌号 number and street 城市及国家 city and state 出生日期 date of Birth Birthdate 偕行人数 accompanying number 职业 occupation 专业技术人员 professionals amp technical 行政管理人员 legislators ampadministrators 办事员 clerk 商业人员 commerce Business People 服务人员 service 签名 signature 官方填写 official use only 签证 visa 出生日期 birthdate 护照号 passport No. 编号 control No. 签发地 Issue At 签发日期 Issue Date或On 签证种类 visa type class 浦东机场 Pudong Airport 虹桥机场 Hongqiao Airport 磁悬浮 maglev 地铁 subway / metro 机 场巴士 airport bus 商务中心 business center 国际、港澳台登机 International amp Hongkong-Macau-Taiwan Boarding 国内登机 domestic boarding 航站楼 Terminal 长途汽车 Long distance bus 停车库 Parking lot 酒店班车 shuttle bus for hotels 汇 合点 meeting point 向上自动扶梯 escalator up 向下自动扶梯 escalator down 无障 碍洗手间 facilities for disabled person 行李寄存 baggage deposit 失物招领 lost and found 2. 病情 2.1. 一般病情: He feels headache nausea and vomiting. 他觉得头痛、恶 心和想吐。 He is under the weather. 他不舒服生病了。 He began to feel unusually tired. 他感到反常的疲倦。 He feels light-headed. 他觉得头晕。 She has been shut-in for a few days. 她生病在家几天了。 Her head is pounding. 她头痛。 His symptoms include loss of appetite weight loss excessive fatigue fever and chills. 他的症状包括没 有食欲、体重减轻、非常疲倦、发烧和发冷。 He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time. 他大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。 He has been lacking in energy for some time. 他感到虚弱有段时间了。 He feels drowsy dizzy and nauseated. 他觉得昏昏欲睡头晕 目眩和想吐。 He feels as though everything around him is spinning. 他感到周围的东 西都在打转。 He has noticed some loss of hearing. 他发觉听力差些。 She has some pains and itching around her eyes. 她眼睛四周又痛又痒。 2.2. 伤风感冒 He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm. 他咳嗽带有绿黄色的痰。 His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing. 他眼睛发痒而且一直在打喷嚏。 He has a fever aching muscles and hacking cough. hacking constant 他有发烧筋骨酸痛和常常咳嗽。 He coughed with sputum and feeling of malaise. malaise debility 他咳嗽有浓痰而且觉得 很虚弱。 He gets a cold with a deep hacking cough. 他伤风咳嗽。 He has a headache aching bones and joints. 他头痛骨头、关节也痛。 He has a persistent cough. 他不停 地在咳。 He has bouts of uncontrollable coughing. 他一阵阵的咳嗽难以控制。 He has hoarse and has lost his voice sometimes. 他声音嘶哑有时失声。 He has a sore throat and a stuffy nose. 他嗓子疼痛而且鼻子不通。 His breathing is harsh and wheezy. 他 呼吸时有气喘似的呼哧呼哧作响。 He has a stabbing pain that comes on suddenly in one or both temples. 有时突然间太阳穴刺痛。 He has a runny nose sneezing or a scratchy throat. 他流鼻水打喷嚏和喉咙沙哑。 2.3. 女性疾病 She has noticed one lump in her breast. 她发觉乳房有个肿块。 There is a hard swollen lump on her right breast. 她右乳房有肿块。 Her left breast is painful and swollen. 她左乳房疼痛且肿 大。 She has heavy bleeding with her periods. 她月经来的很多。 Her vaginal discharge is white or greenish-yellow and unpleasant smelling. 她阴道分泌物带白色或绿黄色而 且气味不好。 She has noticed occasional spotting of blood between periods. 在月经来 的前后她有时也发觉有滴滴达达的流血。 She has some bleeding after intercourse. 性 交后有出血。 She feels some vaginal itching. 她感到阴部发痒。 She has painful periods and abnormal vaginal discharge. 她月经来时疼痛而且阴道有不正常的分泌 物。 2.4. 手脚疾病 His both hands and feet ache all over. 他两手两脚都很酸痛。 He has pain on the sole of his feet. 他脚底很痛。 There is a wart-like lump on the sole of right foot. 我右脚底有个像肉疣般的硬块。 His ankles look puffy and they pit when he presses them with his finger. pit small dent form句里的 they 和 them 都是指 ankles 他的足踝好象肿了用手按就有小坑痕。 The pain in his left foot is accompanied by redness and swelling. 左脚酸痛并有红肿。 The joints near his fingernails and knuckles look swollen. 指头和指节旁边的关节似乎有肿大。 He has numbness and tingling in his hands and fingers. 他的手和指头感到麻木和刺痛。 His legs become painful following strenuous exercise. 激烈运动后他的腿就痛。 His knee is misshapen or unable to move. 他的膝盖有点畸形也不能动。 There are some swellings in his armpit. 他的腋窝肿大。 He is troubled with painful muscles and joints. 他的筋骨和关节都痛。 She is troubled by the pains in the back and shoulders. 她的后背和肩膀都痛。 His knee has been bothering him for some time. 他的膝盖不舒服已有一段时间了。 2.5. 睡眠不 好 He is sleeping poorly.他睡不好 He has difficulty in sleeping inability to concentrate.他不易入睡也难集中精神。 It is usually hard for her to fall asleep when she goes to bed at night.她晚上就寝很难入睡。 He wakes during the night or early morning and finds it difficult to fall asleep again.他晚间或清早醒来后再也不能入睡。 He has nightmares occasionally.他有时做噩梦。 2.6. 男性疾病 He urinates more frequently than usual.他 小便比平时多。 He has difficulty controlling his bladder.他很难控制小便。bladder膀 胱 There are some lumps on his testicles. 他的睾丸有些硬块。 He has had burning or pain when he urinates.他小便时感到发烫和疼痛。 He is passing less urine than usual.他小便比平时少。 He has had painless swelling in his scrotum.他的阴囊有不痛的肿 大。 He feels lack of interest in sex.他自觉对性的兴趣大减。 He has difficulty starting his urine flow.他小便不畅通。 His urine stream is very weak and slow.他小便流动得很 慢很弱。 He dribbles a little urine after he has finished urinating.他小便后还会有少量 零星地滴下。 He has had some discharge from his penis.他的阴茎排出一些流脓。 His urine is cloudy and it smells strong.他的小便混浊而且气味不好。 He has a dull heavy ache in the crotch.他的胯部感到隐痛。 He has a small leakage of urine when he coughs or sneezes.他咳嗽或打喷嚏时会有点泄尿。 He has trouble urinating.他小便有困难。 2.7. 呼吸方面 His breathing has become increasingly difficult.他呼吸越来越困难。 He has to breathe through his mouth.他要用口呼吸。 He is short of breath even when he has not been exercising he is breathless.他喘气即使不运动他也是上气不接下气。 His cough is more like wheezing.他的咳嗽有呼哧呼哧的响声。 His cough is dry producing no phlegm.他是干咳没有痰。 He has coughed up blood.他咳嗽有血。 His nose stuffed up when he had a cold.他感冒时鼻子就不通。 He coughs up a lot of phlegm thick spit on most days.他多半时间咳出浓浓的痰。 He has a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling that he is suffocating.他胸部觉得闷闷的好象透不过气来。 2.8. 口腔毛病 He has pain in his teeth or jaw. 他的牙齿和下巴疼痛。 He has some problems with his teeth. 他牙齿有问题。 The tooth hurts only when he bites down on it. 他咬东西时牙齿 就痛。 His gums are red and swollen. 他的牙床红肿。 His tongue is red and sore all over. 他的舌头到处红和痛。 His breath smells bad and he has a foul taste in his mouth. 他口里有怪味。 His gums do bleed. 他牙床有出血。 He has some sore swellings on his gum or jaw. 他的牙床和下巴肿痛。 He has sore places on or around the lip. 他的嘴唇 和周围都很痛。 There are cracks at the corners of his mouth. 他的嘴巴角落破了。 There are some discolored areas inside on his tongue. 他舌头里边有些地方颜色怪怪 的。 2.9. 肠胃毛病 He has a bloated uncomfortable feeling after meal. 他饭后肚子觉 得胀胀的很不舒服。 He has bouts of abdominal pain. 他有一阵阵的肚痛。 He feels bloated in his abdominal area. 他感到肚子胀胀的。 注胀胀的像「puff up」但不是真 正的肿「swell up」。 The pain is mainly in the lower upper right part of the abdomen. 痛 是在肚子下半部。 He has nausea and vomiting. 他有恶心和呕吐。 It is difficult or painful for him to swallow. 他吞下食物时会痛。 He has passed more gas than usual. 他放…比平常多。 He has been constipated for a few days. 他便秘了好几天。 He suffers pains when he moves his bowels. 他大便时很痛。 He has some bleeding from his rectum. 他的肛门出血。 He has noticed some blood in his bowel movements. 他发 觉大便时有些血。 His bowel movements are pale greasy and foul smelling. 他大便呈 灰白色含油脂的恶臭。 His bowel movements are grey or black in color. 他的大便呈 灰白色。 He has trouble with diarrhea. 他拉肚子。 2.10. 血压amp感官 His blood pressure is really up. 他的血压很高。 High blood pressure is creeping up on him. He has noticed frequent urination increased thirst and unexpected tireness. 他发觉常常小便 非常口渴和更加疲倦。 It is a chest pain that gets worse when he bends over or lies down. 他弯腰或躺下时胸部更痛。 He has noticed excessive sweating and unexplained tireness. 他体会到过度的出汗和难以解释的疲倦。 He has a sharp pain in one area of his spine. 他的脊椎某部位刺痛。 He has pain in other joints including hip knee and ankle. 其它关节疼痛包括臀部、膝盖和脚踝。 His eyes seem to be bulging. 他的眼睛 觉得有点肿胀。 He has double vision. 他的视线有双重影子。 He feels there is a film over his eyes. 他觉得眼里有种薄膜似的东西挡住视线。 His vision in the right eye blurred. 他右眼视线模糊不清。 He has had some earaches lately. 他近来耳朵有点痛。 He has a repeated buzzing or other noises in his ears. 他耳朵常有嗡嗡的声音。 3. 熟练 口语 Any day will do哪一天都可以 Any messages for me有我的留言吗 Are you by yourself你一个人来吗 All right with you你没有问题吧 Are you free tomorrow明天有 空吗 Are you kidding me你在跟我开玩笑吧 As soon as possible尽可能快 Back in a moment马上回来 Believe it or not信不信由你 Better luck next time下次会更好 Boy will be boys本性难移 Come to the point有话直说 Do you accept plastic收不收行用卡 Does it keep long可以保存吗 Dont be so fussy别挑剔了 Dont count to me别指望我 Dont fall for it不要上当 Dont get me wrong你搞错了 Dont give me that少来这套 Dont let me down别让我失望 Dont lose your head别乐昏了头 Dont over do it别做过 头了 Dont sit there daydreaming别闲着做白日梦 Dont stand on ceremony别太拘束 Drop me a line要写信给我 Easy come easy go来得容易去得也快 First come first served先到先得 Get a move on快点吧 Get off my back不要嘲笑我 Give him the works给他点教训 Give me a break饶了我吧 Give me a hand帮我一个忙 Great minds think alike英雄所见略同 Ill treat you to lunch.午餐我请你 In one earout the other ear.一耳进一耳出 Im spaced-out我开小差了 I beg your pardon请你再说一遍 I cant afford th.