电大汉语基础形成性考核册作业答案

电大汉语基础形成性考核册作业 一、解下列名释释释释释 1,老国音和新国音:老国音是指1913年由音一会定的国准音,释释释释释“释释”释释以京音主,兼南北。新 国音是指1924年由国一会决定的国准音,以北京音准音。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释2,中响韵母:由两个以上元音构成的韵母,根据韵腹的位释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 置的不同又分前响韵母、中响韵母、后响韵母三。中响韵释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 母就是韵腹在中位置上的韵母,例如释释释释释释释释释释释iao iou uai uei等。 3,韵基:韵基是构成韵母的成分。韵母,除去韵,就是韵基,所以韵基就是释释释释释释释释释释释释释韵母中由韵腹和韵尾构成的成分。有些韵母只有韵基,韵基成分中一定有韵腹。例如韵母iang,其中i是韵释,剩下的ang就是韵基,韵母ia,其中i是韵,释释a就是韵基,个韵基就没有韵尾。释释释释释释释释释释4,隔音字母:隔音字母是分隔音界限的字母,包括释释释释释释释释释y和w两个。 5,音:音就是音有强强强强释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释烈气流呼出的音,送气音就是音。 二、填空 　　 1,，《中人民共和国国家通用言文字法》,是在释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 2000年10月31日由第九届全国人大常委会第十八会通,并于，释释释释释释释释释2001年1月1日,起施。释释释　　 2,当前言文字范化、准化的核心之一是，推广普通,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 　　 3,我国20世的三大文运是指，切音字运、国运,和，白文运,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 4,章的，《一目了然初》,是我国史上第一个拼写方言的拉丁化拼音。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 5,，拼音方案,是在释释释释释释释释释1958年2月11日由第一全国人民代表大会第五次会正式批释释释释准公布推行的。 　　 6,拼音方案是以，拉丁字母,基构成的,其中字母释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 v释释释释释释释释释释释普通音不使用,字母y和w就其音的分界而言,主要用作，隔音符号,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 7,，国字,是政府批准的第一套音素制的拉丁字母式的拼音方案。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 8,拼音方案声表示方法采用的是，符号,法。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 　　 9,在注音可以省略韵腹的韵母是，释释释释释释释释释释释释iou、uei、uen,。 　　 10,普通音系中,【释释释 释释释释释释释释释释释】和【】是唯一的一，清,相配的音。 　　 11,从音四要素角度看,可以把一个表的音分，音成分,和，非音成分,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 12,根据韵的不同,韵母可以分，口呼、呼、合口呼,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 和，撮口呼,,根据韵尾的不同,韵母可以分，尾、元音尾、鼻音尾,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 13,韵尾影响到韵腹,使韵腹音向韵尾方面靠近,同化象叫做，逆同化,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释　　 14,普通音系一共有，释释释释释释释释释6,个元音音位,，22,个音音位,，释释释释释释4,个位。释释释 三、判断正并要明理由释释释释释释释释 1、文学作品民族共同的推广具有很大的影响。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 释。 2 、拼音方案定释释释释释释释释i行、u行、ü行的韵母前面没有声母,要使用释释释释释y、w,其目的是要把26个拉丁字母都使用上,避免浪字母。释释释释 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:目的是最大限度减少手写中断和面上符号多引起的不美的状况。 3、iou、uei、uen三个韵母,在使用中有候省略韵腹,有候省略韵。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:韵腹皆省略,韵不能省略。 4、在字注音,字母释释释释释释释释释i只有充当韵腹,上面的一点才能省略。释释释释释释释释释释释释 释。 5、韵母ü的原形在拼音永不会出,因注音上面两点按拼写要省略。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:ü上的两点,在拼写注音,当声母释释释释释释j、q、x释释释释释释要将上面的两点省略。而与音声母l、n相拼,释上面的两点不能省略。 6、了使准字音,字注音,必把出来。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 释释释释释释释释释释释:字注音当注本。 7、清构成的音位立是普通音系中声母的一个著的特点。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 释:送气与否。 8、用式音法,韵母释释释释释释释释ia和ua中的a是同一个音素,iao和uai中的a是一个音素,两韵母释释释释释中的a要各用不同的音表示。释释释释 释:ia和ua是【A】,iao是【ɑ】,uai是【a】,都不是同一个音素。9、式音中哪些音素可以合并出一,是在于音素之差的大小。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:是在于差是否跟的表达有直接。 10、普通音系只有释释释释释释释21个声母,所以音音位也是释释释释释释21个。 释释释释释释:音音位有22个,有一个释释释释ng。 四、用式国音写出下列音中相字母所代表的音位或音位释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 体，由于无法将国音示出来,里大家看明白,使用的是俗称,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释1、字母a:yuan(梅花a) zhuang(后a) jia(央A) bai(前a) lian(倒3a)2、字母e:pie(小的大写E) wei(e) zheng(倒e) xue(小的大写E) de(丫型e)3、字母i:guai(小的大写I) zhi(舌尖后i) jiu(i) wei(小的大写I) si(舌尖前i)4、字母o:wo(o) bo(o) jiao(松u) you(松u) guo(o)5、字母u:luan(u) xue(y) nu(u) quan(y) jun(y) 五、《学指》释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释附《常用容易的字》,下列注上正确的音，略,。 六、释释释答 1、释释释释释释释释释释释释释释述三大文运的史功。 ，《指》第释释释释释释释释24释。, 2、韵母可以从哪些方面分,分有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释什作用,例明。 分:释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释?韵母的构:根据韵母内部构成分的多少及构成 分性释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,通常把韵母分韵母、韵母、鼻音韵母三大。?按 韵释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释情况分:根据韵的有无和韵的性,普通的韵母又可 分口呼韵母、呼韵母、合口呼韵母、撮口呼韵母四,合释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 称四呼。?按照韵尾情况分:根据韵尾的特点把韵母分尾韵母、元释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释音尾韵母、鼻韵尾韵母三。韵母三不同角度的分,其作用主要是:释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释可以韵母的构特点,把释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释握声韵配合律、儿化音律都有作用。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释例:比如很多方言区音系中没有后鼻音韵尾,突出表在eng、 ing上面,往往把两个韵母与释释释释释释en in合二一,例如释“”“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释新星、清新,都没有差,如果韵母内部构成分分清楚,就能行相的。又如:声母和韵母的合释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释律,主要就是 由声母的音释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释部位和韵母的四呼情况决定的,同一音部位的声 母,与韵母的配合具有相同的特点。再如:于了解和明音释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释内在的系性很有价释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,比如于掌握儿化音和声等方面的流音的律性就有帮助。3、要明拼音方案中字母释释释释释释释释释释释释释ü的使用。释释释 以ü释释的韵母有ü、üan、üe、ün四个,四个韵母在拼写中有三释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释情况:?保持原形不。释释 当四个韵母与音声母释释释释释释释释释释n和l相拼,释释ü上面的两点不能省略,因两个声母同也可以和释释释释释释释释释释释释u行的韵母相拼,所以如果把ü上两点省略了,ü和u就无法区分了。 ?省略ü上两点。 释释释释释四个韵母和音声母j、q、x相拼,释释ü上面的两点要省略,例如jüanqü，捐躯,要省写释juanqu。释释释释释释释释释释里之所以能省略,不会和字母u相混,是因以字母释释释释u释释释释释释释释释的合口呼韵母不会和声母j、q、x相拼,所以,j、q、x后面出的元音释释释释u,只能是元音ü,而不会解释释释u,例如ju、juan、jue、jun、qu、quan、que、qun、xu、xuan、xue、xun。?省略ü上两点,前面加上y。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释四个韵母自成零声母音,前面没有其它音声母,ü上两点省略,前面再加上隔音字母y,例如üanüe，元月,要写作yuanyue,ünü，韵,要写作释释释释释yunyu。 4、释释释释释释释释释释释释释释什拼音方案中的韵母iou、uei、uen在运用中永不会出释释释释释释释释释释释释,，释释释释教材第35释第一段。, 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释三个韵母的拼写形式在运用中永不会出,因在字注音拼写出 音,三个韵母无以释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释何身份出,都要生化,而不是直 接使用。第一,它释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释同音声母相拼,了使拼式短,可以省略韵 腹,韵腹省略后,声符号的位置要作相的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释整,例如diū，,、释释释zhuī，追,、gún，,。释释释第二,它自释释释释释释释释释释释成音,因是以i或u释释释释释释释释的音,所以根据y和w的使用,里也要作相化。释释释释释释释释释释5、《国家通用言文字法》的布有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释什意,合自己的。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释行《中人民共和国国家通用言文字法》的重要意大致如下几个方面:第一,促释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释言文字工作的展:《国家通用言文字法》是我国史上 第一部释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释于言文字的法律,确立和定了普通和范字作国 家通用言文字的法释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释律地位,它的制定与行,使国家通用言文字的推行有了法律上的依据,必将释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释展。促步国家通用言文字的一 第二,有利于社会主释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释物文明和精神文明的建:定了通用言文字 的使用范,有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释利于言文字的范化和准化,提高工作效率, 有利于促释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释代、科技和社会的展,有利于促地区、民族 的交往交流,有利于普及文化教育,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释展科学技,促社会主物文明和精神文明的建。第三,有利于祖国的一和民族的:通言文字法一释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释推广通用言文步 字,于释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释国家和民族的增凝聚力具有非常特殊的作用,于促强 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释祖国一、民族的、增步社会的都具有非常重要的意。强 6、释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释述代民族共同法准的内涵。 ，《指》第释释释释释释释释29释至30释。, 《代释释释释释释?释释释》，第二章,作2及参考答案 一、名解释释释 固定:释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释固定是指言中把作构成成分、构固定、形式上相当于、功能上相当于的位。如“释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释自相矛盾、孤掌、敲鼓、中人民共和国、北京大学、全国人民代表大会等。” 概念释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:是中反映客象的那部分意,也就是的理性内 容,反映的是客事物释释释释释释释释释释释释释的一般的本的特点。 言:言指在具体运用中释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释得的意。言不是固定在 中的意释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,而是通各修辞手法造性地使用而生的,一旦 离释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释具体的境,的言就消失了。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:是定式解方式中表示事物的,也就是构成解的偏正构中的中心。，由于解中表示的不一定是,可能是,释释释释释释释释释释“释释释释”释释释释释国脚:入国家的比如足球运,性与被解释释“释释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释的也不一定一:致,比如像晴天天空一的,所以叫做。具体色参考本程释释释释释指第76释释释释释释释释释,有比的分析。, 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释群:群就是一系列意上有共同特征的聚合在一起形成的族。 ，是就释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释及到非教材主要分群,我就,也可以析内容而言的,教材涉 释释释释释释释释群是一系列有某些共同特征的形成的族。 二、填空释 　　 1,中的用包括，名、,和，行,。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 　　 2,熟释释释释释释释“释”释释“释――敲鼓包括，成、、是，用,,歇后、用,等,例如机上的大炮响，想,得高”释释释是，歇后,。 　　 3,按“释释”释释释释释释释,是一，案异形,。 　　 4,构法释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释“释释”敲打研究的基是分析，合成的构成成分,的意、作用及其的系,据此可知,的构方式是，并列式,,释“”释释释释释释释释释释释敲定的构方式是，充式,。 　　 5,的，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释概念,是一个所志的客事物形象一般本特点的反映。　　 6,的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释附属色彩包括，感情色彩、体色彩,和，形象色彩,三个方面。 　　 7,，言,是在运用中所释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释得的不固定的、具有的意。　　 8,本章的“释”“释释”释释释释释群概念,其内涵相当于言学概程中的，,。　　 9,从次释释释释“释”释“释”释释释释释老虎,子群中同位的的系看,是，并列系,,成功,失是，反系,。 三、判断正,要明理由释释释释释释释释 1,和素的本释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释区在于,大多是由两个以上的音构成的,素多音形式。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:可以独立运用,而素不能。 2,大、“释”释释壮大、最大、自大、加大都是。 释“”释释释:最大、加大是。 3,“释释”释释释释释释释释亮相、方程、函数、商品、都属于固定中的用。释释释释释释释释:属于广的用。 4,成大多由三个音构成,构系大多系。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:当是用。 5,“释释释释释释释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释抨,个、和批判法句子乱行是大的使用没有众媒的任什。释“释释”释释:的感情色彩不。 6,花“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释儿、玩儿、幼儿、女儿都是根，构成的附加式合成。释“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:幼儿、女儿是根，根构成的限定式合成。 7,从的构成理据看,释释释释释释“释释释释释释释释释向日即使是等同,其也是有差的,例如葵、望日、日、朝阳花 向阳花、太阳花就是如”此。 释。 8,在的使用释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的展步程中,可以化言,就得到了一释释“释释释释释释释”释:当言可以化。 9,和“释”“释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释子、方向之的系是整体和它的成的系。释释释释:是整体和构件的系。 10,划分,要注释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释意把的比用法生的言独立一个。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:个比用法如果是的,生的是言,就不能立,如果释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释个比,定俗成,社会公接受的,才可以立。 四、合分释释释释释释释析用 1,指出下列言位是是:释释释释释释释释释释释 　　 释释释释释释释释释释释?吃,吃面,吃,吃香:1、3、4是,释释2是释释　　 释释释释释?白字,白菜,白,白花:1、2、3是,释释4是释释　　 释释释释释释释释?黑板,黑,黑布,黑人:1、2、4是,释释3是释释　　 释释释释释释释释释释释?,,心,窗:1、3、4是,释释2是释释　　 释释释释释释释释释释释?打,打架,打破,打:2是,释释1、3、4是释释　　2,从造释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释法角度分析下列的构成方法: 　　 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释?捉刀:是句法学造的式,同也是修辞学造，借代式,　　 释释释释释释释释释释释释?眼:是句法学造的主式 　　 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释?扒手:是修辞学造，借代式,,同也是句法学造的式。P.148 　　 释释释释释?啦:是音 　　 释释释释释?雪花:是句法学造的主从式 3,分析下列的构成理据:释释释释释释释释 释释——释画小人 “释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释画表示是画的一,它的特征是画的内容具有性。“释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释小人表示是的一,它所的者群是儿童，年小的人,。自行释——释脚踏 “释”释释释“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释表示是一,自行指不用的力,表示了的力特征。“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释脚踏表示力生的方法,是用脚踏使前。 4,分析下列的:释释释释释 ?展期:把定的日 释 释释期往后推。 释释 释释 释释系象作行的限制作行 ?耳释释释释释 释释释用品。:保耳使不受的 释释特征 ?洒释释释 自:，神情、然大方,有韵止、貌等,致,不拘束。 释 适用象性状特征 ?释释 着眼点:察或分析事物的点。 释释表示特征表示 ?流:，释 释释释释释下来或事迹、作品等,播。 释释 释释作行的主体作行 5,某男士征婚,打的广告释“释释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释房是:具,。事有成条件越,因此征者十分踊,及至释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释一了解,才所不是自行,房是两平房,事是清步释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释工。什征者会造成会,以此例从群分析角度要明使用注意什。释释释释释释释释释“释释释”释释释释释释主要从房群的上下系来。具,事有成表面上使用的是上位,但征者期待的是:、释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释豪住宅、体面的事等下位,而征婚者上只 有自行、释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释平房、清位等条件,都是、房、事的下位,征 婚者正是了上下位理解释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释落差的空子。所以在使用的候当尽量明确,不能含糊。　　 6,解下列新的 释释释释释释释释释释意: 　　 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释?黑客:使用网技破坏他人网站或的算机高手。 　　 释释释释释释释释释?双:双方都能得益。 　　 释释释释释释释?网吧:提供上网服的所。 　　 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释?大片:高投、高票房并由知名演、演加入的影片。 　　 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释?短信:通手机收的篇幅短的文字信息。 五、 释释答 成和用有哪些不同释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,例明。 二者可以从以下几个方面其释释释释释释区: 一是音形式,成是四音主,例如释释释释“”“释”“释”释释释释释释释释释释柳暗花明、百百、中万寂俱等等,用是三音主,例如“释”“释”“释”敲鼓、挖脚、走后等等, 二是表特点,用大多是以释释释释释释“释释释释释释”释释释释释释高帽子比、主,例如台、巴等,成以直、鬼把、走后接引申的意释释“释释释释释释释”释释释掩主,如耳盗、大等等,身手、众怒犯、多端 三是构形式,用多是系,例如释释释释释释“释”释释释释释释释释敲鼓、穿小鞋等等,成的构系是多、扣帽子 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释多的,有合系、偏正系、主系、述系、述系、其 它释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释有系、兼系、系等等, 四是释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释“释释释释释释醋格上的不同,用口特点子、小比突算出,构成分都是口上常常使用的成分,例如释释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释、挖脚等等,成很多是来、露脚源与史典故或名篇佳句,大多具有面特色,很多成因此释释释释释“释释释释释释释释释释”释释保留了古代的素或法瞠目舌格式,如、短兵等等相接、学而不、走花、唯利是此外,用形式上释释“释”释“释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释敲鼓灵活一些,如可以敲敲鼓,人的、敲一下鼓感都属于用的正常使用,而不是活用,而成用法上然也有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释灵活的一面,但和用比起来是要固定得多,例如“释释”“释释释释释”释释释释释释望洋改成望房,就成、望活用了。 　　 2,《学指》释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释附《第一批异形整理表》,看看下列 各哪些是范的,哪些是不范的,并合例释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释你范的。　　释释释 释释释释释释释释释按柬,,案糊,虎 　　担心,耽心 释释释释释释释释释宏,刻画,刻划 必恭必敬,释释 释释 释鬼哭狼恭敬,鬼哭狼再接再砺,再接再释释释 释释 而走,奢淫逸挺而走,奢淫佚原原本本,源源本本释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释范的:、按、虎、担心、宏、刻画、恭敬、鬼哭狼、再接再释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释、而走、奢淫逸、原原本本。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,主要是考察学生范是否持正确的度。不范的存在,面的使用释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释增加了担,造成了混乱,教学、辞纂、中 文信息释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释理等来了困,影响了言文字交功能的,因此, 整理异形是当前字字形范化的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释迫切任。 3,什释释释“————”玉米是理据,包谷珍珠米的理据有何异同, 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的理据就是言中表示事物、象、念的的构成依据,就是一个用的音或的素而不是那释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的音那的素来构造的道理和依据。世界上任何一个事物象,都有自己突出的特征,些特征往往会人以释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释深刻的印象,或者特引人注意,于是人在的事物象命名,首先就能突出其特征的方面,作释释释释“”“”释释释释“释”释玉米珍珠米命名的根据、理由,就是的理据。两个表示是一米,而包“”释释“”释释释释释“”“”释“”释释释谷表示是一谷,是植玉米珍珠米物分的不同。都有比在里面,玉米比植物的果释释“”“”释释释“”“”释释释释释释释释释释释玉的,色象珍珠米比植珍珠物的果的形状象。包谷形象地明了植物的果是被“”包住的。 4,例明言和释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释概念的系。 言不同于释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释概念,概念是固定在一个中的意,而言是 具体句子中释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释生的不固定的意主要是通的修辞用法得。看 一个,我所释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释想到的意一般就是概念,而言是不可能看一个就可以想到的。例如:喝水,“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释水在里指无色、无嗅、无味的液体H2O 水能释“”释释释“”释释释释释释水舟,亦能覆舟在里被水用来比人民的就没有个力量,一旦脱离个句子,意了。由上例可,和释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释客的系是比固定的,的概念固定的,而的言是的。5,例解上位、下位、同位、次释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释群、非次群。 上位:指释释释释释释“”“释”释释“释释”花是花的上位,概念上外延更广,其相系上是大,包含小的。例如:植物是花的上位。“”释释 下位:指释释释释释“释”“”工概念上外延更小,其相系上是小的。例如:、花匠、瓦工、木工是工人的下位。释释 同位:在次释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释群中同一次的叫作同位,它的有多系,包括并列系、同近系、反释释“释”释释释释释释数系等,例如学、物理、化学、地理、史是程同位。 释释释释释释释释“——释”释次宗群:指成教呈佛系的教群。例如:、道教、伊斯教、基。督教、天主教非次释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释群:表示某方面的事物象、作行、性状特征成的群,没有次系。例如:“释释释释释”释看、瞥、仰。、、 《代释释释释释释?释释法》，第三章,作3及参考答案 一、解下列名 释释释释释 1,真释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释“释释”释释释释释释释释释释释打算:的一,所的,它的可以保持着的法特点,例如 受状释释释释释释释释“释”释打算修,可以,例如上收割庄稼。 2,施事主:就是表示作行出释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释者的充当主。 3,不完全主释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释句:只能出在一定的上下文中,必依上下文才能表达明确而完整的意思,通常是承前省略了有的成分。例如:释“释”“”释“”释释释你明天去杭州,去。里的去就是不完全主句。4,直接成分:就是成 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释更大一言位的两个直接成部分。 5,构:指两个释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释性之彼此没有主、述、述、偏正、合等系的性构。 二、填空释 　　1,言系中,最大的法位是，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释句子,,最小的法位是，素,。 　　2,法位中,，素、、,是释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释静位,，句子,是位。 　　3,代中的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释介都是从，,虚化而来的。 　　4,从法角度释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释划分,可以有多方面的依据,一般主要是根据，的法功能,确定。　　5,大“”释释释释释释释释释型、微型、主要等是，区,,不是形容 　　6,作可以分两,例如释释释释释“释”释释“释”释释释释听是，非自主,,打是，自主,。　　7,可一释释释释释释释“释释释”释释释“释释”释释分两,例如，吃步、喝、参、,是体,，打算、企、行,是释释释释。 　　8,“”释释“”释释释释释释释释科学兼属，名,和，形代表兼容,,属，名,和，,。 　　9,疑释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释句、述句等是从句子的，表达,角度划分的,句 和释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释句是从句子的，构角度,划分的。 　　10,“释释”释释释释释西是，述,。 三、判断正,要明理由释释释释释释释释 1,我写字个“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释句子有三个素,他正好充当了句子的主、、成分,可素也可以充当释释释释释释释释释释释释释句子成分。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释。素的功能主要是构,三个素与重合了,它独成。但充当句子的主、、成分是三个,而不是素,素是不能充当释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释句子成分的。 2,介释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释构一般是不能独立充当句子的。 释。 3,句子不一定都能原。释释释释释释 释。 4,划分的,的形是一释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释条比重要的准。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释。根据的形行分,于没有格意的形志和形化的释释释释释释释释释来,是不适合的。 5,把在代中只有“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释介功能,不能独立作使用。 释“”释释释释释释释释“释释”“”“”释“释”。把在代中可以立作用,如把、把中把就是看守、把守之。除把此之外, 释释“”释“释”释释释释释可以充当量一把,如刀,充当名,如把,不是只有介功能的。6,特指和是非的释释释释释“释”“”,后区者是,前者常常在句尾使用气使用呢。释释释释释“释”“”“”释释释释释释释释释“释”释。句末疑或气的分吧工是:是非,不用末尾用呢,特制、、呢,反末尾用 不用或“释”“”吧。 7,按照释释释释“”释释释释释白布两元一不同的法性,尺是名句。释“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释。白布两元一尺是主句,其由主充任。 8,根据主的释释释释释释释性,"释上挂着一幅画"的主是释释释释释释释受事主。释“释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释。上挂着一幅画是所主句,主指明事物存在的所。9,多重句释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释是指由三个以上的分句构成的句子。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释。多重句是指由两个次以上的分句构成的句子。 10,把字句中"把"后面的成分,可以原到后面去。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释“释释释释释释释。有些情况下是不允我把的。比如后面接那着本看了,就不允将它跟隔,如两遍”释“释”“释释”释“释释”就不宜※原成我看了那本两遍,他把衣服洗得干干不宜※原成他洗衣服干干。 四、合分释释释释释释释析用 1,指出下列主释释释释释释句的句型: ?那件衣服,式特新释释 释释释释释主句潮。 ?释释释释释释释 释释释释释句去的一年来我一直在找那本。 ?一释 释释释释桌名子四条腿。句 ?你借释释释 释释释释释释形我的那本小容句确非常精彩。 ?我才看的释释释释释释释释 释释释释释主句那个人其你也。 ?今天早晨我吃的。名释释 释释释释句 　　2,分 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释析下列句子的构次,注意歧句的分析。 ?不 释 释释释释释释适当地水施肥会影响庄稼的生。，歧, 1 2 1,2主释 3 4 5 6 3,4状中偏正,5,6状中偏正 7 8 9 10 7,8状中偏正,9,10述释 11 12 13 14 11,12释合,13,14定中偏正 《代释释释释释释?方言》，第四章,作释4参考答案 一、填空，释释20分,空每1分, 1,能不能通是释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释区言和方言的一个，性准,,但能不能，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,是比能否通更深刻的判断准。 2,方言有双重含释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,一般所的方言,主要是指，地域方言,。3,言释释释 外演部的内部因素,主要有内部演接、，触,、，异化和渗透,、，分化和融合,。 4,代方言可分北方方言、，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释湘方言,、，吴方言,、 ，方言,、，方言,、，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释客家方言,、粤方言等七大。 5,北京是，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释官,方言的代表,客家方言以，广梅,代表。 6,海南释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释属于，,方言区,云南属于，官,方言区。 7,同普通音相释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释比,吴方言和湘方言的突出特点是有成套的，音声母,。 8,方言的目的是释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释搜集活的言事,累材料,研究言服, 因此方言要以，释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释搜集方言材料,出点,以共描写基本方法。 9,操某释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释方言的人群居住的不太大的区域被周大片其它方言所包,象称，方言,。10,在俗文学中,民歌、和民释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的文学式。强故事是，口性,和，方言性,最 二、释释释释答，35分,小每释5分, 1,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释什要以北方方言作基方言, ?北方方言在政治、方面的影响很大。释释释释释释释释释释 ?北方具有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释雄厚的文化基。比如我国的四大名著《水》、 《西游释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释》、《三国演》、《楼梦》以及一些本小。些具 有很高价释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的文学作品流全国,大了北方在全国的影响, 在客释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释上促了北方在全国的播,民族共同的面的建立打下了基。?北方具有广释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释泛的群众基。使用北方的人口比起其它方言 来也要多得多,释释释释释释释释释释占整个民族人口的70,,按我国有人口释释释释释释释释释释释释释算,属于北方区域的人口至少在八以上。释释释释 ?北方通行释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释地域广。北方所属地域也是非常广的,达数百 万平方公里,人通基本上没有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释什困,高度的一致性就是在 世界上的言中也是很释释释释释释释释释释释释释找到第二个。 ?北方系具有一释释释释释释释释释释释致性。 2,社会方言和地域方言有什异释释释释同, 相同点: 第一,都是言分化的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释果,是言展不平衡性的体, 第二,都没有全民性特点,社会方言通行于某个,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释地域方言通行于某个地域,当然,就地域而言,地域方言在一定的范释释释释释释释释释释释释内是有一定的全民性的, 第三,都要使用全民言的释释释释释释释释材料构成。 不同点有以下几个方面: 第一,形成的原因不同。地域方言是言因释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释地域上的差异形成的,所以从言分布看,方言于某一释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释言的某个平面区域,可以在地上出某地域方言通行的地域,而社会方言的形成同言使用者的社会属性有,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释个人都有其民族、社会中的籍、性、、好、学、信仰、所境等方面的每特征,与他周释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的人形成或松或的社会网,些特征反映在言使用上,往往具有群体性,都可以形成言特释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释色,些言特色的共性,就形成了社会方言,例如老有一套教学,曲有自己的程式释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释言。旧候生意人特了一套表示数字的,利用字构的特殊性,通分析拆解字的方法表示数字,形成表示数目的,例如释释释“释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释”旦底、空工、横川、目、缺丑、断大、皂底、分、旭、田心分表示释“”“”“”一、二、三、四、五、数字六、七、八、九、十,比如旦底就是旦字的底下的笔划,就是一。在的年人不就“”释释释释释“”释释释释释释释释释释释释释酷,而老年人很少使用个,都是社会方言的反 映。文学作中释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释恰当运用社会方言,角色定位,可以更好地 刻画人物形象,突出人物的性格特征。 第二,使用象不同。释释释“释”共同。而地域方言是属于某一地区的全民言,是当地人交使用的社会方言不具有全民释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释性,只属于某个特定的使用,比如木匠有木 匠的用,不会使用释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释工人使用的言,民使用的打、保、 灌释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,城里人也不会使用甚至可能口上永都不使用。是因 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释社会方言是社会境的物,使用上也要受一定的社会境的制的 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释故。由于个特点,社会方言又有跨越地域方言、超越地域方 言的特性,比如医释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,在行中是相同的,不受地域方言的影响。 第三,内部差异不同。社会方言的差主要体在方面,表在各行各各释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释有一套行,些的音形式、法构与全民言没有释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释太大的差 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释。地域方言的差异体在音、、法方方面面,尤其以音差最 突出,有一套独立的音系。释释释释释 第四,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释展方向不同。地域方言在一定的社会政治条件下可能展成独立的言,例如前面的欧洲 一些国家政治格局的化引起言释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释地位的化就是例子。社会方言随着展,其影响大,那其中有些 释释释释释释释释释“释释”释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释可能入用来共同系,例如比机医学行构散、不能正常行工作,算机学科“释”释释释释释释释释释“”释释释释释释件在又指生硬、科研、等件又指程中的人素、生管理水平、服量、等,科研、释释释释释释释释释“释释释”释释等程白、、中的机器、物材料等基施。亮像行相、上在都引台申出新的意, 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释入共同系。但是社会方言无怎展,无影响有多大,都不可能释释释释释释释释释释展成独立的言。 3,方言分释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释区什以音作准,有哪些方面, 第一,主要是方言的音差最大,同音的系释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,通音强性比 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释比分析比容易确立不同的方言的分区,学界音系和音律研究最充分。区分方言的音准主要是:有无声母和清声母的系立以释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释及中古全声母的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释演律,有无塞音韵尾以及入声韵的演律,有几释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释鼻音韵尾以及中古阳声韵的演律,有几套塞檫音声母 以及中古精、知、庄、章声母和音声母的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释演律。 4,释释释释释释释释释释释释释什普通是特殊方言。 第一,普通是在方言基上释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释建立起来的,但又不同于方言,它 要基方言的成分行释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释吸收,不是全吸收,所以普通是非常范的民族准,第二,普通要从其释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释它方言中吸收有用成分来丰富自己,所以普通比任何方言都要丰富完善, 第三,普通作具有全民通用释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释性和威性的特殊方言,方言起 着示范作用,定了方言的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释展方向,方言的展要从属于普通的展,逐向普通集中靠。5,方言今后是向普通靠是不靠释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,你的看法呢, 方言在今后的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释向普通展中将一步集中、靠。是因: 第一,普通作民族共同的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释地位是在漫的史程中自然形成的,具有必然性。将一释释释释释释释释释释释释展下去,步 第二,普通作范的准,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释已以法律形式正式布,具有威性,就决定了普通的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释地位要高于方言,方言起着示范性作 用,定了方言的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释展方向,而方言的展要从属于普通, 第三,普通普通通释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释透和覆盖渗两途径深刻地影响方言的展, 使方言日益向自己集中、靠,第四,当前我国的广释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释播、、影、、释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释志等都广泛使用普通,儿童从上学始就接触和学普通,因此普通释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释今后方言的影响将会越来越大,方言的使用范和影响都将越来越小。，明:也可以释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释回答不向普通靠,但有言之有据,理充分。,6,当前释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释村人口大批向城市流和方言会生什的影响,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释个可能有不同的看法,基本上可以从下面任一个角度: 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释点之一:村人口的大量流,有可能促不同方言的融合,大普通的影响,因释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释需要利用普通作不同方言区的人之相互沟通的工具,客境释释释释释释释释释释释释释释迫使放弃方言普通。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释点之二:有可能大某些方言的影响。了生,流人口到了一个地区迫不得已要学释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释掌握当地方言,同将方言大使用范。 以上两个方面可一个角度,不两个方面都。释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释 7,影和小品表释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释演使用方言不、你的点。 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释个可以自由肯定或否定的角度回答。 第一点:使用方言表释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释演。理由可以方言是地域文化,有 突出的地域色彩,生活气息释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释厚,使用方言表演可以更好刻画人物,突出地域特征,增加作品的释释释释释释感染力。 第二点:不使用方言表释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释演。理由是:曲、曲以外的文 表演使用方言不符合国家言文字法,方言释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释受众面有限,影响有限,很释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释播,如果要跨方言区播放,需要重新配音或增加字母,浪力物力。第三点,可以是释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释介于上述两个点之的,必然使用普 通,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释但是可以适当地、少量地使用方言,既不影响理解, 又突出地域色彩,更好地刻画人物形象。 45分,三、方言释释释释释释践， 本的理明:释释释释释释释 第一,方言释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释的践演步于今后撰写言方面的文是一个最初 释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,而且撰写言方面的文,行方言，某一方面也可以,和释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释比分析等,可以是一条容易出新的捷径,所以希望大家重,教学中要合作培趣。第二,如果有、、方面的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释便利条件,本可以改社会践,比如全释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释班集体行方言践,了解当地的方言的音、、 法方面的情况,可以合作上的三个行,也可以释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释自行安排内容,之是释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释集体共同完成,然后根据个人的作用分。 第三,也可根据当地情释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释况自行安排其它方面的内容,但最好由省大一安排。1,如何学普通音释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释,合你所方言情况。，10分,解释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释提示:学普通音最好找到所方言与普通声母、韵母、 声方面的释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释律,推学最方面快捷。可以合个人学体会要分析明即可。2,方言目释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释怎分,你的看法。，8分, 提示:可以参考《指》中释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释介的分方式一加以明。也可以合自己的或释释释释释释释释释释释释想行分。 3,写出你所居住的地区下列范的方言,释释释释释释释释释释释释不少于五个，每16分,?植物释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:花白、花菜、葫豆、巴茅草 ?物释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:耗子、公、猪、牙狗、牯牛、蛾儿、波，蜘蛛, ?服释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:腰、帕子、，汗衫或似汗衫的,、打卦裙，小 孩释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释在下面的,前后两片成,、桶、腰，短, ?属释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释:家婆、家公、、大大、叔 ?身体:手释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释杆、脚杆、壳、手指拇儿、螺骨 ?地理:释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释竹山、田坎、冲冲、岩坎、阳沟 ?俗:明人不释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释需指点,响鼓不用重,人争一口气,佛争一 炉香,跑了和尚跑不了,释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释喜叫,有客到,有雨天亮,无上光,庄稼一支花,全靠当家。?歇后:释释释――释释释――释――释释释释释不，自行下睬坡,,响，高山上打想,得,瞎白子点灯蜡,竹打水――释释――释释释一空,空抱喜婆刨糠壳。 ，明:可以根据方言释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释情况填写,有些没有适当字的可以 用同音字代替,适当加以明解。,释释释释释释 3,搜集你居住地区不同于普通的代、形释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释释容、疑、句子若干,分析它的用法特点。，11 分,，略,