英语中考专题二 形容词和副词

英语专二形容词和副词 (一) 形容词的用法和位置 1 形容词用作表语,放在连系动词(be, look,smell,taste,sound,feel,become,get,turn, keep,seem等)的后面。 如:The passengers can?t go back home on time for the Spring festival, for the snow is so heavy. 记住: 1)look只有在解释‘看起来’的时候才是当作连系动词,做题时要正确分析look的意思。 如:After hearing the good news of the train?s arrival, he looked very happy. After hearing the good news of the train?s arrival, he looked happily at me. 2)keep解释‘保持’时是连系动词。 如:Though it keeps snowing heavily, he keeps warm by exercising while waiting for the train. 2 形容词用作定语。 1)形容词修饰名词放在名词前面,做前置定语。 如: The conductor has important news to tell the passengers. 2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词放在复合不定代词后面,作后置定语。 如:The conductor has something important to tell the passengers. 3 形容词用作宾语补足语。 如:Though the passengers find the weather terrible, they?re very excited because they will go back home to spend the Spring Festival with their family. 记住: 1)修饰名词一般用形容词,但是如果是表示种类、用途和地点的,则要用名词修饰名词, 如:an apple tree, a coffee cup, a shop window. 所以,在做题时特别是词性转换时要使用正确的词性作修饰成分,如我们不能说busy hours,而应说business hours. 2)…else?在使用时,必须放在疑问代词和复合不定代词的后面,如:something else, what else. 3)做题时,要注意形容词和名词的正确搭配,如我们用…high?或…low?来修饰…temperature?, 用…hot?或…cold?来修饰…weather?。 练习 Choose the best answer: 1 She is _______ that she will fail in the exam. A) frightened B) afraid C) afriad D) worry 2 Though she was ______ at home, she didn?t feel _______ at all because she was busy going over her lessons. A) alone…alone B) alone…lonely C) lonely…lonely D) lonely…alone 3 The tsunami(海啸)is very _________. It can make a large number of people homeless. A) exciting B) awful C) frightened D) surprising 4 Is there ______ enough to fight with the monster? A) anyone brave B) brave anyone C) someone brave D) brave someone 5 I?ve got _____ to tell you. A) interesting something B) something interesting C) interesting anything D) anything interesting 第- 1 - 页共10 页 6 Do you want ______ ? A) else something B) something else C) else anything D) anything else 7 A comic strip should be full of action to keep the readers _______. A) interesting B) interested C) uninterested D) interests 8 Children are all _____ in_____ comic strips. A) interesting…interested B) interested…interesting C) interesting…interesting D) interested…interested 9 He doesn?t seem as ____ as his brother. A) happily B) happier C) happy D) happiness 10 The guests all thought it tastes ______. A) nice B) badly C) well D) wonderfully 11 “Am I ____ go home?” the sick man asked the doctor. A) good enough B) so well to C) well enough to D) too well to 12 Perhaps there won?t be ____ for everybody on the earth in the future. A) enough room B) many rooms C) little space D) a little space 13 The man finished writing _____ report in a week. A) a eight-thousand-word B) an eight-thousand-words C) eight-thousand-word D) an eight-thousand-word 14 To our surprise, such a big bag was very light. Here …light? means ____. A) little B) short C) great D) not heavy 15 What a ____ child he is ! A) lovely B) timidly C) beautifully D) unusual 16 Emma hardly makes mistakes in her homework. She is _____. A) care B) careful C) carefully D) careless 17 Miss Black always makes her students ____ in her English lessons. A) interest B) interests C) interested D) interesting 18 Tom?s father seemed ____ with his progress. A) sadly B) angrily C) happy D) happily 19 The music sounds _______. A) sweetly B) horribly C) easily D) lovely 20 We all know that Mr. Green was not _______ with the poem. A) pleasant B) please C) pleasing D) pleased 21 This is a ______ experience, not a dream. A) true B) real C) truly D) really 22 The Bund looks ______ at night. A) wonderfully B) famous C) beautiful D) well 23 It?s _____ knowledge that the earth moves around the sun. A) common B) unusual C) strange D) interesting 24 The dishes in this restaurant are so ______ that its business is very good. A) delicious B) dilicious C) taste D) well 25 The shop ________ from 8:00am to 8:pm every day. A) opens B) is opened C) is open D) is opening 26 The lecture was so ____ that most of the listeners went to sleep. A) bored B) dull C) interesting D) exciting 27 The Beatles are very _________ to the people who love rock and roll. A) interested B) familiar C) attracted D) fond 28 You can enjoy the ____ air in the mountain village. A) bright B) fresh C) heavy D) fair 29 Running is a(an) ______ sport. A) team B) individual C) fun D) bored 30 The opposite word of …ancient? is _____. A) old B) modern C) popular D) fashion 31 These children are from ordinary families. A) usual B) strange C) unusual D) simple 32 Cycling is an _____ activity. A) indoor B) outdoor C) helpful D) popular 33 She works as a secretary. But she also has a _____ job. A) full-time B) part-time C) good-paid D) excited 34 The opposite word of …public? is _____. A) common B) private C) popular D) publish 35 You should keep _____ while listening to the steps. A) quiet B) quite C) quilt D) quit 36 Who should be ____ for this accident? A) duty B) reasonable C) responsible D) explain 37 Take some pills before getting on the bus, or you will feel ____. A) sick B) terribly C) trouble D) comfortable 38 How silly you are to go out without an umbrella in such kinds of bad weather! A) stupid B) fool C) bright D) wise 39 Do you know the _______ dish of this restaurant? A) special B) especial C) well-know D) taste 40 She is too timid to say a word at the party. A) upset B) shy C) worried D) silent Answers to the exercises in thepart of choosing the best answers: 1 C 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 B 8 B 9 C 10 A 11 C 12 A 13 D 14 D 15 A 16 B 17 C 18 C 19 D 20 D 21 B 22 C 23 A 24 A 25 B 26 B 27 B 28 B 29 B 30 B 31 A 32 B 33 B 34 B 35 A 36 C 37 A 38 A 39 A 40 B (二)副词的用法和位置 1 修饰形容词用作状语,一般放在形容词的前面。 如:The passengers are very worried about the weather. The little girl was too disappointed to say a word because her father couldn?t come back home on time. 2 修饰动词用作状语,一般放在动词的后面。 如:It is snowing heavily. The conductor tells the passengers to stay inside until the snow stops. 3 修饰整个句子用作状语,放在句首。 如:Luckily, the conductor told them that train would start soon. 4 修饰副词用作状语,一般放在被修饰的副词的前面。 如:The conductor is very tired after one-day work because she has worked too hard. Things to remember: 1) 表示频度来修饰动词用作状语的副词,要放在连系动词、情态动词或助动词的后面,行为动词的前面。 如:The passengers often go back home to spend the holiday with their family. But they have never met such a storm in the last 50 years. 2)副词的词形 副词的词形分单纯性和派生性。单纯性副词如:today, rather, there, however等等。派生性副词由形容词加-ly变过来的。它们的转换方式有: (1)一般由形容词加-ly构成,如:bad---badly, clear---clearly (2)当形容词以-y结尾时,将y改为i再加-ly,如:easy---easily, lucky---luckily 但是有些词虽然是以-ly结尾的,却不是副词,而是形容词,如:friendly, lovely (3)有些形容词和副词同形,如:hard, early, enough等,既可以作形容词,也可以作副词,如:It?s hard to say what the weather will be like tomorrow. (形容词) The conductor works hard to satisfy the passengers. 3)…enough?作为形容词,修饰名词,要放在名词的前面,如:The conductor gave the passengers enough water to drink. …enough?修饰形容词和副词用作状语,都要放在形容词和副词的后面。 如:The railway is not safe enough for the train to run on yet. Trains must run slowly enough in order for the passengers to go back home safely in freezing weather. 4)做题时要注意副词与形容词或动词的正确搭配。 如:The transportation problem is quite ________. The transportation problem can?t be _________ easily. 在前一句中,通过副词…quite?,我们可以判断此句需要一个形容词;而在后一句中,通过副词…easily?,我们可以判断此句需要一个动词,因为…easily?是一个修饰做某事难易的副词。 练习 Choose the best answer: 1 After running the 800-hundred race, Jane was _______ out of breath. A) hard B) almost C) hardly D) most 2 Jane is a good student at school. She ________ a good daughter at home. A) is also B) also is C) also has D) has also 3 Her mother?s birthday is several days ________. A) away B) on C) up D) far 4 As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief ran_____. A) as quick as he could B) as quickly as he could C) as quick as he can D) as quickly as he can 5 -Do you want to go to Hangzhou for a holiday? - No, I?ve _______been there. A) already B) yet C) ever D) never 6 The streets are wet because it has rained ______ all the morning. A) hardly B) thickly C) strongly D) heavily 7 Because of the heavy rain, the game was put _______ for a few days. A) out B) off C) up D) away 8 Our new teacher looks _____. A) happily B) angrily C) sadly D) friendly 9 The two sisters______ pretty. A) all are B) are all C) both is D) are both 10 Bob likes eating. He eats _____ at every meal. A) as many as he can B) as much as he likes C) as many as he likes D) as much as he can 11 Please speak English as _____ as possible so as to improve your spoken English. A) fast B) soon C) good D) often 12 The car stopped so _______ that the bus behind almost ran into it. A) closely B) immediately C) suddenly D) soon 13 Father looked _______. He looked ______ at my report. A) happy, happy B) happily, happily C) happy, happily D) happily, happy 14 Has she ______ been to Beijing yet? A) ever B) already C) yet D) never 15 ______, he went to the supermarket to buy some food. A) Late B) Later C) Lately D) Latter 16 Perhaps she has broken the rules. A) May be B) Maybe C) Possibly D) Probable Answers to the exercises in the part of choosing the best answers: 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 6 A 7 B 8 D 9 D 10 D 11 D 12 C 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B (三)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1 规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1)单音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)一般在单词后面加-er, -est 如:slow slower slowest (2)以不发音的…e?结尾的单词,直接加–r, -st. 如:large larger largest (3)以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写辅音字母,再加–er, -est. 如: big bigger biggest (4)以辅音字母加…y?结尾的单词,去…y?再加-ier, -iest. 如:heavy heavier heaviest 2)多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 比较级前加…more?,最高级前加…most?. 如:slowly more slowly most slowly crowded more crowded most crowded 2 不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 good/well better best many/much more most bad/badly/ill worse worst little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 记住: 做题时,碰到形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成,首先考虑是规则还是不规则;如果是规则,再考虑是单音节还是多音节,千万要注意…more?是加在多音节前面变成比较级,…-er?是加在单音节后面变成比较级,避免…more?和…-er?同时出现。 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1 原级 1) 在没有比较的情况下用原级,如:It snows heavily this year. 2) 在结构as…as和not as(so)…as中用形容词或副词的原级,表示“A与B一样…”和“A 不如B”,as…as可用于陈述句、疑问句和否定句,而so…as只能用于否定句,如: It is still snowing as heavily as it was yesterday. Last year, it didn’t snow as/so often as it does this year. 3) 在very, quite, so, too, rather等单词后面用形容词或副词的原级,如:It snows very heavily this year. Things to remember: 在句型转换时,as…as和not as (so)…as可以与结构the same…as互相转换,但是,as…as和not as (so)…as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级,而the same…as中间用名词。 2 比较级 1) 把一个人或事物与另一个人或事物进行比较时,用比较级,如:Which waiting room is more crowded, this one or that one? 2) 有单词than要用比较级,如:This waiting room is more crowded than that one./That waiting room is less crowded than this one. 3) 在far, much, still, even, a little, a bit, a lot, any等词后面用形容词或副词的比较级,如:The traffic problem is much more serious these days. 4) 同一个形容词或副词的比较级并列使用,并且用and连接,表示程度的增加,解释‘越来越…’,如:The snow is getting heavier and heavier.(单音节用-er and –er) It is snowing more and more heavily.(多音节用more and more) 5)‘the +比较级,the +比较级’的结构,解释‘越…越…’,前面的‘the +比较级’相当于一个条件状语从句,如:The more slowly the trains run on icy railways, the fewer accidents there will be.此句可以转换成:If the trains run more slowly on icy railways, there will be fewer accidents. 3 最高级 1)在三个或三个以上的事物之间之间进行比较时,用最高级,如:Which passenger?s bag is the biggest, the lady’s, the young man’s or the girl’s? 2)有…in, among, of?等的表达语用最高级,如:The young man?s bag is the biggest of the three. Among all the problems, the government thinks the traffic problem is the most serious one these days. The waiting room for the passengers who will take the train …Harmony? is the most comfortable in this building. 2)在定冠词…the?后用最高级,除非是‘the +比较级,the +比较级’的结构,如:The conductor tries to give the passengers the best services while they are waiting for the train. 3)副词最高级前可以省略定冠词…the?,如:This conductor works (the) hardest of all the people who work for this railway station. 4)在结构…one of?中,…of?后面要用可数名词的复数,如果有形容词修饰名词,则要用形 容词的最高级,且最高级前一定要加定冠词…the?,如:This is one of the most hard-working conductors I have ever seen. 5)在‘第几大’‘第几高’等的表达语中,形容词要用最高级,如:Today is the third busiest day for the station to receive so many passengers. Things to remember: 在句型转换时,要注意形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级比较等级之间的互相转换,同级比较可以表示比较级的意义,比较级的形式也可以表示最高级的意义,如: She is the most hard-working of all the conductors. She is more hard-working than all of the other conductors. Nobody is as hard-working as she is. 练习 Choose the best answer: 1 This is the ______ film I have ever seen. A) bad B)good C) worst D) better 2 Don?t leave ______in the car. A) something valuable B) valuable something C) anything valuable D) valuable anything 3 There is _____ with your watch. A) nothing wrong B) wrong nothing C) anything wrong D) wrong anything 4 The girl was ______ by the big dog. A) afraid B) scare C) frightened D) frightening 5 The old woman can?t see _____. A) clear enough B) enough clear C) clearly enough D) enough clearly 6 -Do you want to go to Hangzhou for a holiday? - No, I?ve _______been there. A) already B) yet C) ever D) never 7 Which country is the ________ from China, Japan, India or New Zealand? A) nearest B) further C) farther D) farthest 8 Which do you like _____, the left one _____ the right one? A) better…or B) more…or C) better…and D)more…and 9 Bangkok is becoming _______, so _______ people want to live there. A) more and more polluted…more and more B) more polluted and more polluted…fewere and fewer C) more and more polluted…less and less D) more and more polluted…fewer and fewer 10 He?s ____ than any other student in his class. A) much clever B) much more cleverer C) most clever D) far cleverer 11 She saw ______ in the key then, did she? A) something strange B) anything strange C) nothing strange D) few strange thing 12 This kind of fruit tastes _____ and sells ____. A) good…good B)well…well C) good…well D) well…good 13 What _____ weather it is! The water in the river has _______. A) freezing…frozen B) frozen…freezing C) frozen…froze D) freezing…froze 14 He works ____ than I did at his age. A) even more harder B) even harder C) even hard D) the harder 15 We find English ______. A) more and more difficult B) much and much difficult C) much and much more difficult D) difficulter and difficulter 16 Sun Ping works _____ of all the students in the class while Zhang Dong ____ works. A) harder…harder B) hard…hardly C) hardest…harder D) hardest…hardly 17 Our classroom is _____ theirs. A) three times as bigger as B) as three times bigger as C) three times as big as D) as big three times as 18 Mother returned home ____ earlier than Father that evening. A) very B) too C) more D) much 19 He sings terribly. His dancing is even _____. A) terribly B) terrible C) more terrible D) more terribly 20 After the racing car started, it ran _____. A) quicker and quicker B) more and more quickly C) quick and quick D) more and more quick 21 In China to go on a trip is becoming one of _____ of spending holidays. A) the most popular ways B) the most popular way C) most popular ways D) most popular way 22 The film is far more interesting than that one. A) farther B) not near C) much D) nearer 23 Who jumps ______ in your class, John? A) longest B) the longest C) farthest D) farther 24 I haven?t seen you for a long time. You?re _____ than before. A) more strong B) more stronger C) stronger D) much more stronger 25 In the exam, the ____ you are, the _______ mistakes you?ll make. A) carefully, little B) more carefully, fewer C) more careful, less D) more careful, fewer 26 How ____ he was ____ his family after a long absence! A) happy, to see B) happily, seen C) happily, to see D) happily, saw 27 I will buy the TV set when it gets _____. A) cheap B) cheaper C) cheapest D) the cheaper 28 Nowadays it?s _____ for people to get information on line than it used to be. A) convenient B) much convenient C) more convenient D) far convenient 29 After hearing the news, she became a bit ______. A) crazy B) surprise C) amazing D) interest 30 We are the Grade Nine students in ______ middle schools. A) junior B) senior C) primary D) elementary 31 Standing in Pu Dong New Area, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower looks very _____. A) magnificent B) beautifully C) surprise D) wonder 32 I don?t like this dish. It?s too ______. A) delicious B) rich C) tasty D) nice 33 The road is so ____ that many cyclists have fallen off their bicycles. A) straight B) rough C) long D) wide 34 Be careful! The knife is very _____. A) old B) sharp C) fast D) light 35 She is too timid to say a word at the party. A) upset B) shy C) worried D) silent Rewrite the following sentences to keep the same meaning as the former one: 1 Weiwei can sing the song in English very well. Weiwei _____ ______ ____ sing the song very well. 2 This story is not as interesting as that one. That story is ______ ________ than this one. 3 Richard is taller than any other student in his class. Richard is _______ _______ student in his class. 4 Peter can?t speak French so fluently as Judy. Judy can speak French _____ ______ _____ Peter. 5 My school bag is not as colourful as theirs. Their school bags are _______ ________ than mine. 6 Simon goes jogging more often than Danny. Danny ______ go jogging so often _____ Simon. 7 The football game was more exciting than the basketball game. The basketball game was _____ ______ than the football game. 8 The sun is closer to us than any other star. The sun is ____ ______ to us of all the stars. 9 The Amazon carries the most water in the world. The Amazon carries more water than ____ _____ _____ in the world. 10 Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. Mount Qomolangma is _______ _______ any other mountain in the world. 11 John is brighter than any other boy in his class. John is ______ _____ _____ all the boys in his class. 12 Tom has a larger house than mine. Tom?s house is _______ ______ mine. 13 This is the most interesting book I have ever read. This book _____ ______ _____ any other book I have ever read. Of ____ _____ ______ (that) I have read, this is the most interesting. 14 He is not so stupid as I thought he was. He is ______ than I thought he was. 15 He ran as fast as he could. He ran as ____ as ______. 16 If you practise more, you will be able to speak English better. The ______ you practise, the ____ you will be able to speak English. 17 Your clothes are more expensive than mine. My clothes are ____ _____ than yours. 18 This parcel is not as heavy as that one. This parcel is ______ heavy _____ that one. 19 I spend less money on books than my sister. I don?t spend as ____ ______ on books as my sister. Answers to the exercises in the part of choosing the best answers: 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 A 9 D 10 D 11 C 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 A 16 D 17 C 18 D 19 C 20 B 21 A 22 C 23 C 24 C 25 D 26 A 27 B 28 C 29 A 30 A 31 A 32 B 33 B 34 B 35 B Answers to the exercises in the part of rewriting the sentences: 1 is able to 2 more interesting 3 the tallest 4 more fluently than 5 more colourful 6 doesn?t/as 7 less exciting 8 the closest 9 any other river 10 higher than 11 the brightest of 12 larger than 13 more interesting than / all the books 14 cleverer 15 fast possible 16 more better 17 less expensive 18 less than 19 much money