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使某人心烦

2017-12-26 24页 doc 61KB 31阅读

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使某人心烦使某人心烦 Unit 2 The Power of Words Teaching Aims: In this unit students are required to: 1) grasp some new words such as “column, complimentary, cordial, deserve, freshness, spontaneous, stationery, upbeat, vague, well-wishing” etc. and try to use these words to d...
使某人心烦
使某人心烦 Unit 2 The Power of Words Teaching Aims: In this unit students are required to: 1) grasp some new words such as “column, complimentary, cordial, deserve, freshness, spontaneous, stationery, upbeat, vague, well-wishing” etc. and try to use these words to do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills; 2) read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points and know the organization of the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension; 3) do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.; 4) learn the skills of writing an argumentation. I Preparation (20mins) 1. Background Information At any level of society, people who are good with words often have power or influence. The capacity to communicate is a valuable asset in any situation, whether you want to convince, console or encourage others. To be able to use the right words at the right time is both a skill and a gift. We often assume that to be a good communicator you have to be well educated but in fact people from all walks of life can communicate effectively. The most important aspect of the art of communicating is to know or understand one's audience. Without this sensitivity, it is impossible to choose words that will have the desired impact on the person or people with whom we are speaking. One of the advantages of education is that it often enables one to change levels or registers of language more easily. When speaking to a person in a position of authority, we normally speak differently than we would if we were speaking to a close friend. Education increases our vocabulary and our capacity to switch from one type of language to another. In other words, we can choose to speak in plain and simple language or with complex and sophisticated sentences. Changing registers does not mean, of course, that the content of what we say becomes more or less profound. Just because a person speaks in simple terms (or even incorrectly) 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 第 1 页 共 16 页 does not mean that they are not saying something important and profound. After all, one of the most famous sentences in the English language is extremely simple grammatically but complex from a philosophical point of view: “To be or not to be, that is the question.” In our personal lives, other people?s words can change our mood or even our attitudes. Words are an essential link between friends, relatives, colleagues and acquaintances. Using kind and thoughtful words to maintain and to improve our relationships is one way to contribute to the well-being of others. In today's fast-paced world, it is often easy to become so involved with one's daily existence that one forgets to keep in touch with friends, to give words of encouragement to the people around us and to show that we care about them. The written word is even more powerful than the spoken word because it can be kept and treasured as a permanent reminder of a positive gesture on the part of someone we knew or still know. With the advent of email, letter-writing has perhaps made a comeback. Providing one has access to a computer and a modem, keeping in touch with distant friends and colleagues has been made much easier. 2. Class Activities 1) Talking About the Sentences That Affected You. 2) What has happened? Step I Explain the story below the pictures and give students 5mins to retell the story. get on 打扰、困扰 get on one?s nerves 使某人心烦 go off 响起、爆炸、发射 Step II Let the students create a story based on the two pictures. 3) How many dialects can you speak? What are they? Dialect 方言、行话 e.g. the dialect of atomic physicists 原子物理学家的通用语 Step I. Possible answers: Cantonese 广州话 the Shanghai dialect 上海话 the Shandong dialect 山东话 the Qingdao dialect 青岛话 etc. Step II. Read the possible answer to Question 3 and give 5mins to students for them to prepare the retelling of the answer. II Listening comprehension (50mins) 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 2 页 共 16 页 1. For this part students are required to watch a video three times. Each time they must complete an exercise with a different focus. Then check the answers together. 2. Listen to three long dialogues and answer the following exercises and then check the answers. III Reading-centered Activities (100mins) In-class Reading “The Power of a Note” Vocabulary 1. acquaintance n. 熟悉,熟知 E.g. I have some acquaintance with the Russian. 我懂一点儿俄语。 The guide has some acquaintance with Italian. 导游懂得一点意大利语。 n. 熟人, 相识 E.g. He has a large circle of acquaintances. 他有很多相识的熟人。 Phrases: drop sb.?s acquaintance 和某人绝交have a nodding acquaintance with sb. 与某人有点头之交 have no acquaintance with 不熟悉, 不了解 make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人 pick acquaintance with 偶然结识[认识] acquaint v. 使熟悉, 使了解, 使通晓(with), 介绍 E.g. Let me acquaint you with the facts. 让我把事实告诉你。 I am already acquainted with him. 我已经和他相熟。 Note: 此词用于被动语态中, 过去分词acquainted已经失去动作意义, 相当于 一个形容词。例如: “我是去年认识他的。”不能译作: I acquainted him last year. 或 I was acquainted with him last year. 第一句是语态错误, 第二 句混淆了“状态”和“动作”, 只能译成:I got acquainted with him last year. 或 I made his acquaintance last year. 2. boost v. 1) 增加,拔高 boost prices提高价格 E.g. efforts to boost participation in the program 努力提高节目的参与率 2) 刺激增长辅助长远的发展和进步, E.g. a bill intended to boost local charities. 一项意在刺激地方慈善事业增长的议案 3) 增强激起对…的热情,强有力地宣传, 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 3 页 共 16 页 E.g. boosted their school with rallies and fund drives. 通过集会和募捐来宣传他们的学校 3. characterize v. 1) 描述…的性质或特性, E.g. He characterized the warden as ruthless. 他将看守员描绘成一个无情的人。 2) …特点,具有…特征 E.g. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。 4. column n. 1)柱,支柱,圆柱 2) 柱状物a column of smoke 3),报纸、杂志的,专栏He used to write a column for this newspaper. 5. complimentary 1) 赠送的a complimentary copy of a book馈赠的籍 complimentary address贺辞complimentary ticket招待券, 优待券 2)赞美的 E.g. a concert that received complimentary reviews 这场音乐会得到了舆论的好评。 形似词 complementary补充的 e.g. complementary colors 互补色 6. enterprise n. 1) 困难的任务,冒险性计划 E.g. They have just started their latest enterprise, which is to sail round the world in a very small boat. 他们刚刚开始了最新的惊人之举,乘坐一条小船环游世界。 2) 组织,企业 E.g. It is time for all the small and medium enterprises to band and break monopolies of the “giants”. 中小型企业应该联合起来打破“企业巨头”的垄断。 3) 事业心; 进取心 a spirit of enterprise 进取精神 a man of enterprise 有事业进取心的人 E.g. I admire their enterprise in trying to start up a new enterprise. 我欣赏他们的实干精神,他们打算开一家新企业。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 4 页 共 16 页 7. intrigue v. 1) 激起…兴趣 E.g. The notice intrigued many students. 这张布告引起了许多同学的兴趣。 Your story intrigues me. 你的故事引起我极大兴趣。 Hibernation has long intrigued biologists. 冬眠长期以来一直引起生物学家的兴趣。 2) 策划阴谋, 密谋(against) E.g. intrigue against one's friend 阴谋陷害朋友 8. overdue adj. 超期的 E.g. an overdue check 过期的支票 The train is overdue. 火车误点了。 over- 是前缀,表示“过于……的 ” Have a guess overcharge 索价过高 oversleep 睡过头overeat 吃的过量 overestimate 过高估计 overreact 反应过激 overdoes 药物过量 辨析 tardy, late, overdue tardy 指“不及时做某事的”、“行动迟缓的”、“迟于预定时间的”, 如:Two of the pupils were tardy this morning.今早两个学生来晚了。late强调“迟于正常、适当或预期的时间的”, 如:Summer came late that year. 那年夏天来得迟。 overdue 指该处理的事情没处理,该到的还没有到 E.g. Your book is overdue for two weeks. Our guests are long overdue 9. sentimental adj. 感情用事的; 感伤的; 动情的; 多愁善感的 E.g. a sentimental girl多愁善感的姑娘 She kept all the old photos for sentimental reasons. 辨析,affection, sentiment, passion affection 侧重于“偏好,依恋” 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 5 页 共 16 页 E.g. North Americans often pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child?s head in affection. 北美人经常拍拍别人的胳膊让他放心,或亲切摸摸小孩的头。 passion 强烈,迫切的感情 E.g. Revenge became his ruling passion. 他被复仇的念头所支配。 10. thrive 1) 繁荣,旺盛,兴旺 E.g. A business cannot thrive without good management. 商业管理不好是兴旺不起来的。 2) 茁壮成长 E.g. Babies thrive on their mother's milk. 婴儿靠吃母乳长得很健壮。 Phrases 1. shy away from 躲避,逃避 E.g. She tends to shy away from responsibility. 她总是喜欢逃避责任。 They shied away from buying the house when they learned the full price. 他们知道全部价格后,没有买那所房子。 2. follow up采取进一步行动 E.g. I followed up my letter with a visit. 我写信之后又亲自去拜访。 I decided to follow up her suggestion. 我决定采纳她的建议。 3. attach importance to 认为重要,重视 E.g. We would attach primary importance to the development of economy. 我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一位。 No one attached the slightest importance to it. 没有人不重视这件事。 4. make one?s day 使某人心情愉快 Hearing her voice on the phone made my day. It made my mother?s day when her grandchildren came to see her. Difficult sentences 1. Because I was a teenager (being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch), his words couldn?t have been more inspiring. (L5-7) 当时我只是个十几岁的小伙子(为专栏写一英寸文字总计得稿酬15美分),因此他的话非常令人鼓舞。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 6 页 共 16 页 该句中的否定结构是为了强调,这是一种修辞手段。 E.g. I couldn?t agree with you more. He enjoys nothing better than to go fishing with the boys. Nothing is more important than her arts! There?s nothing like a cold drink in a hot weather like this. 2. It is a matter of record, and our words can be read more than once, savored and treasured. (L25-26) 便笺是一种记载,而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读, 细细品味,并珍藏起来。 to be a matter of something: 是……的问 E.g. It?s a matter of honor. 事关荣誉。 句子的后半部分是被动语态。其中read, savored, treasured, 为并列的动词分词。 3. Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes that lift people up. (L33-35) 那些通常古板做作的公司高层经理们,其作风可被形容为粗暴,冷漠,脱离群众. 甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心,且获益非浅。 句子的主干为Even top corporate managers have begun to learn the lesson and earn the benefits. to be characterized as 相当于to be described as,having … as their main characters. 4. Former Ford chairman Donald Peterson, who is largely credited for turning the company round in the 1980s, made it a practice to write positive message to associates every day. (L35-37) 唐纳德.彼德森,福特公司的前主席,把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一种日常工作。 该公司80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。 be credited for doing something 被认为具有……的功劳 Nightingale is credited for establishing the first nurse school in the world. turn… round; 改善……,糟糕,的状况 make it a practice to do something = make it a habit of doing something 养成做某 事的习惯 5. Fancy stationery isn?t necessary; it?s the thought that counts. (L55-56) 信封不需要很花哨,重要的是要表达思想。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 7 页 共 16 页 Count: have importance E.g. It isn?t what you say, but what you do, that really counts. 你怎么说不重要,关键是你怎么做。 Popularity will come with the people who respect you for what you are. That?s the only kind of popularity that really counts. 那些尊重你为人的人必定会喜欢你,这种喜欢才是最重要的。 6. Acknowledging some success or good fortune that happened during the year seems particularly appropriate considering the spirit of the Christmas season. (L62-63) 鉴于圣诞节的情况,对一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示一下赞美和高兴似乎是最恰到好处的。 considering 此处的功能相当于一个介词。 E.g. Considering that they are fresh from universities, they?ve done a pretty impressive job. 鉴于他们刚刚大学毕业,他们的工作已经相当出色了。 7. Even if your praise is a little ahead of reality, remember that expectations are often the parents of dreams fulfilled. (L65-66) 即使你的赞美之词稍稍提前了一点也没有关系,记住,梦想的实现往往孕育在希 望之中。 to be ahead of something/someone 提前于…… E.g. Their group is several months ahead of us. 他们的那一组比我们提前了好几个月。 After-Class Reading Passage I All the Good Things Vocabulary 1. junior adj. ,常与to连用, 1) 较年幼的 E.g. She teaches a junior class. He is three years junior to me. 2) 地位较低的,资历较浅的 E.g. He is the junior partner in the firm. 他是这家公司地位较低的股东。 He has junior position in the company. 他在这家公司担任一个低级职务。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 8 页 共 16 页 3) 小,指较年幼者, E.g. John Smith Junior is the son of John Smith. 小约翰?史密斯是约翰?史密斯的儿子。 2. permission n. 允许,准许,许可 E.g. You must ask permission if you want to leave early. 如果你想早走的话,必须得到允许。 permit v. 1) 允许许可,准许 E.g. She won't permit dogs in the house. 她不准许家中有狗。 2) 容许,有可能 E.g. If my health permits, I will visit China. ,与of连用,允许有 E.g. The situation does not permit of any delay. 情况不允许有任何耽搁。 3. shrug v.,表示怀疑或不感兴趣,耸肩 E.g. She shrugged and said „I don't know.?她耸耸肩说“我不知道。” 常用词组 shrug off 1) 对…不屑一顾; 缩小…的重要性 E.g. He shrugged off the defeat and talked about tonight's game. 他对失败不屑一顾而谈论今晚的比赛 2) 摆脱 shrug off a burden 摆脱负担 Phrases 1. act on (upon) 1)有效, 起作用 E.g. The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃疼有效. 2) 按…行动 E.g. The lawyer will act on your instructions. 律师按照你的指示行事。 The police acted on the information they had received. 警方根据收到的情报采取了行动。 2. blurt out 不假思索地说出 E.g. The witness blurted out the name of the killer even if the judge told him to keep silent. 虽然法官告诉证人要安静,他还是禁不住说出了杀人犯的名字。 3. if only但愿,要是….多好啊 E.g. If only he had seen me. 他要是看到我就好了。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 9 页 共 16 页 I am sure he is up to the job if only he would give his mind to it. 只要他用心,我相信他能胜任这项工作。 4. tear off 1) 草率凑成,匆匆做成 E.g. He tore off a letter to his family while waiting at the airport . 他在机场匆匆给家里写了封信。 2) 急速脱掉,扯掉 E.g. He tore off his clothes and jumped into water to save the boy drowning. 他急忙脱掉衣服,跳到水里去就落水的小孩。 3) 撕掉 E.g. The child tore off the wrapping in his eagerness to see his present. 这个孩子为了看生日礼物,急切撕掉了包装。 Difficult sentences 1. What impressed me so much though, was his sincere response every time I had to correct him for misbehaving. (L6-7) 可是, 给我留下深刻印象的是,每次我纠正他调皮捣蛋时,他充满诚意的回答。 though adv. 虽然,可是 E.g. It was hard work; I enjoyed it though. 那工作很辛苦,但我做得很愉快。 There is no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings. 伤她感情的事,还是不可原谅。 though 用在句中,前后应有逗号,朗读时应重读。 2. I never knew that meant anything to anyone. I never knew that was of some importance to anyone. (L41-42) 我从来就没有想到有人会看中这个。 mean vi. 有意义 E.g. Your friendship means a great deal to me. 你的友谊对我极其重要。 The high cost of living means nothing to some people. 对于某些人来说,高昂的生活费算不上什么。 Passage II Mother Tongue Vocabulary 1. achievement n. 1) 完成, 达到 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 10 页 共 16 页 E.g. We can structure our activities to promote efficient achievement of our goals. 我们能够安排些活动以促使我们目标的有效完成。 2) 成就, 成绩 E.g. Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。 Such a goal was impossible of achievement. 这样的目标是不可能实现的。 3. imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的. imaginary 想象的、虚构的, imaginative 富于想象力的 imaginable 可想象的, 常放在名词后面, 前加 all, only, every 或最高级形容词 Exercises: 1) This is the only solution _________________________. (imaginable) 2) Scott was an _______________________writer. (imaginative) 3) Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are_________. (imaginary) 4. shrink v. ,由于受热或水的作用,缩小,使变小,短缩 E.g. The dress shrank when I washed it. 这件衣服洗后缩水了。 ,常与from连用,退缩,回避 E.g. A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers. 羞怯的人怕见生人。 缩小在数量或价值方面变低,减小, E.g. His savings quickly shrank. 他的存款急剧减少。 5. vivid adj. 1) 鲜明的,鲜艳的,光线、色彩等, E.g. a vivid color鲜艳的颜色 2) 传神的,栩栩如生的 E.g. She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 她对警察生动地描述了这次事故。 3) 活泼的,生气勃勃的 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 11 页 共 16 页 E.g. John has vivid memories of his childhood. Phrases 1. go into 1) 调查,探究,了解 E.g. The police are going into the murder case. 2) 开始从事 E.g. The mayor went into politics as a very young man. 3) 讨论,细谈 E.g. We can go into that later. Phrases go after追求,追赶 go ahead进行,开始 go along进行,进展 go in for从事,参加 go off爆炸,中断 go on继续,,灯,开始运行 go through经历,经受 go with与…相配 go without 没有 2. take sth/sb. seriously 认真对待,认为…重要 E.g. He is so frivolous, he never takes anything seriously. 他太随意了,从不认真对待任何事情。 Difficult sentences 1. The talk was going along well enough until I remembered one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong. (L9-10) major 为较大的,较多的,主要的 E.g. One of the major aims of the air raid was the complete demolition of all means of communications by bombing. 这次空袭的一个主要目的,就是通过轰炸彻底摧毁敌人的通讯设施。 2. My husband was with us as well, and he didn?t notice any switch in my English.(L20-21) switch 变换,转换,迁移,交换,位置,, E.g. switch of vote to another candidate 转投另一个候选人的票 He secretly switched to a different company. 他秘密跳槽到别的公司。 Passage III How to Write a Personal Letter Vocabulary 1. application n. 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 12 页 共 16 页 1) 应用 E.g. The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. 把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。 2) 正式申请,书面申请 E.g. The unemployed engineer wrote a dozen applications for jobs but got nothing. 失业的工程师一连写了十几份,但一无所获。 3)勤勉,专心 E.g. He worked with great application. 他工作非常勤奋。 apply v. 1) 请求,申请 E.g. I want to apply for the job. 我想申请这项工作。 2) 应用,使用,适用 E.g. The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings. 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。 3) 涂,敷,抹 E.g. Apply medicine to his wound. 在他伤口上涂药。 2. blank adj. 1) 空白的 E.g. Write your name, address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page. 在这一页顶的空白处写上你的姓名、地址和电话号码。 2) 无表情的,漠然的,无兴趣的 E.g. I tried to tell her the truth, but she just gave me a blank look. 我想告诉她事实真相,但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。 3. thrust 1) 猛推,冲,猛刺 E.g. We thrust our way through the mass of people. 我们冲过了人群。 2) 将…强加于迫使非本意地或不恰当地接受, E.g. Some have greatness thrust upon them. 有些人是被迫接受伟大的头衔的。 3) 冒出,延伸, E.g. Poplars thrust their branches upward. 白杨的枝干向上生长。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 13 页 共 16 页 Phrases 1. care about 担心 E.g. You say you care about the poor, but you don't help them, you hypocrite! 你说你关心穷人,可你并不帮助他们,你这伪善者。 Comparison: care for 1) 喜欢 E.g. I don't care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。 2) 照顾,照料,抚养 E.g. He's good at caring for sick animals. 他精心照料生病的牲畜。 2. get over 1) 做完,结束,熬过 E.g. You'll be glad to get your operation over. 手术做完了你一定会高兴的。 2) 痊愈,康复 E.g. It took me a long time to get over my cold. 我的感冒过了很久才好。 3) 克服 E.g. Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗, 3. make for 1) 造成 E.g. The large print makes for easier reading. 大号字体便于阅读。 2) 移向,走向 E.g. The escaped prisoner was making for the coast. 逃犯冲向海边。 4. tear up 1) 撕成碎片 E.g. John tore up his test paper so that his mother wouldn?t see his low grade. 2) 挖开 E.g. tore up the sidewalk to add a drain 挖开人行道以加入排水管 Difficult sentences 1. We shy persons need to write a letter now and then, or else people will forget us. (L1) 我们生性害羞的人需要不时地写信,否则别人会把我们忘掉。 or else表示为otherwise, if not, 意思是“否则,要不然”。 E.g. He must pay $100 or else go to prison. 他得付100美元否则要坐牢。新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 14 页 共 16 页 2. They don?t need to be immortal, just sincere. (L6) 他们所写的信无须不朽,只要感情真挚。 immortal 不朽的,流芳百世的 E.g. Nobody is immortal. 人都要死的 The heroes of the people are immortal. 人民英雄永垂不朽。 3. Don?t think about grammar, don?t think about style, and don?t try to write dramatically, just give us your news. (L42-43) 不要考虑语法、风格,不要试图写的激动人心,只要告诉我们你的消息。 dramatic 激动的,戏剧性的 a dramatic scene 富于戏剧性的场面 IV English-Chinese Translation (30mins) 转换 Affirmative --- Negative & Negative --- Affirmative , Group 1 1) It is already five years since I smoked. 我不吸烟已经有五年了。 2) Her conduct is above reproach. 她的行为无可指责。 3) I won?t keep you waiting long. 我一会儿就回来。 4) How?s life? --- Couldn?t be better! 生活如何 —— 好极了, 5) You cannot be too careful in the exam. 考试时要特别细心。 Group 2 1) Mary?s hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his clasped on it a moment longer than necessary. 玛丽的手在下,伊坦把它握住,没有立刻就放。 2) That?s a thing that might happen to anyone. 这种事情谁也难免。 3) Opportunity knocks but once. 机不可失,时不再来 4) Isn?t it funny? 真逗, 5) Well, if this is not our old friend Mr. Smith. 这绝对是史密斯先生,咱们的老朋友啊, Group 3 1) Mary lay awake almost the whole night. 玛丽躺在那儿,几乎一夜没合眼。 2) The shipwrecked sailor lived a strange life on the island. 那个遇险的海员在岛上过着一种不寻常的生活。 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 15 页 共 16 页 3) They expect nothing more than a peaceful life. 他们只期待平静的生活而已。 4) “You will try to help me, won?t you?” “Won?t I” “你会帮我的,是吗,” “当然,” V Writing (20mins) Directions: Write a composition on either of the following topics. Use at least 6 of the words and phrases from the box. 1) Is writing better than calling? 2) Words I Will Never Forget inspiring confident encouraging comment treasure response conscious expressive get over pick up escape meditate 新编大学英语,第二版,第四册 Unit 2 教案 第 16 页 共 16 页
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