英语：动词不定式作主语

英语：动词不定式作主语 Review ?. Vocabulary 1. g_______: a person who is very intelligent; genius 2. c_______: a strong desire to find out about something; curiosity 3. 0_______: to say that you are willing to do something; offer 4. d_______: faraway; distant 5. t_______: a group of ideas that explains hoe something works; theory 6. g_______: a talent or natural ability; gift 7. r_______: to save (someone) from a dangerous situation; rescue 8. r_______: to free somebody from a place where they have been kept; release 9. c_______: the power of pleasing or attracting people; charming 10. g_______: to show (somebody to a particular place). guide ?. Phrases 1. 把……视为_________________________ regard…as 2. 使(某人)失望_____________________ let (somebody) down 3. 撕下，扯下_________________________ pull off 4. 怜悯，同情_________________________ feel sorry for 5. 使……恢复生气_____________________ bring back to life 6. 幽默感_____________________________ sense of humor 7. 意识到______________________________ be aware of ?.Discussion. 1. What are the three most important qualities you think a scientist should have? intelligence; patience; persistence; passion; enthusiasm; interest; patriotic; diligence/ hardworking; modesty 2. Do you agree with Albert Einstein’s idea” If A equals success, then the formula is A equals X plus Y plus Z, with X being work, Y play and Z keeping your mouth shut.”? If not, what is your opinion about success? Introduction ?.Translation 1. To see is to believe. _______________________________________________________ 2. To choose time is to save time._______________________________________________ 3. It’s never too late to mend.__________________________________________________ 1. 眼见为实。 2. 合理安排时间就是节约时间。(Britain philosopher Francis Bacon) 3. 亡羊补牢，为时未晚。 Presentation ? ?. 动词不定式VS 动名词 ? 时态和语态比较 动词不定式: 动名词: 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 一般式 doing being done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 having done having been done 完成式 to have done to have been done e.g. To catch the bus, we'd better hurry to the stop. I happened to be going shopping when they came to my house. I’m sorry to have done that fool thing. ? 语法功能比较: 二者都可作句子的主语、宾语、补足语、状语，以及表语、定语。但是，具体用法与意义是有区别的。 Presentation ?(动词不定式作主语) 一(不定式短语可以放在句首，作句子主语，谓语动词用单数。 e. g. To be a famous singer is her dream. To solve this problem is too difficult for Tom. 当作主语的不定式过长时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常将it置于句首作句子的形式 主语。 e.g. To learn a foreign language well is not too easy. It is not too easy to learn a foreign language well. 句子的真正主语 句子的形式主语 To play football with friends is very interesting. _________________________________________ To get to the post office by bike took me 2 hours. _________________________________________ To choose time is to save time. _________________________________________ To live is to function. _________________________________________ 在It’s useless/ 注意:1.当句子的主语和表语都是动词不定式(短语)时，不可以借用形式主语it。 worthwhile …等 2.不定式(短语)还有权“招聘”一个逻辑主语，并由of / for出面“料理” 结构中，常用动 It's + adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth 名词作真正主语 e.g. It's hard for me to finish the task in such a short time. It’s kind of you to help me finish such a difficult task. 聘of还是for,点击作表语的形容词属性可知 若形容词描述的是人的特征与品行，能修饰人(如kind， nice， good， clever， polite， careless等)，则用of; 若形容的是事物的特点或外观等(如easy，hard / difficult， safe， interesting， important， necessary之类)，则用for. T or F ( ) It’s very important of you to attend the meeting. ( ) It’s very important for you to attend the meeting. 在It’s no use/ good/ need…等结构中常用动名其他重要句型 词作主语。 ?It + be+ n. +to do e.g. It’s no use sending him over. 派他去没用。 It’s my honor to be here. ?It takes/ took sb + some time/ money +to do It takes us hours to do homework every day. ?It costs/ cost sb +some money +to do It cost him 30 yuan to buy the book. ?主语也能由疑问词(how; what; when; which 等)与不定式构成 Where to hold the party is being discussed by all my classmates. 三(动词不定式和动名词作主语 Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. 表泛指意义的行为时，多用动名 词，动词不定式也可。 To refuse him is not easy this time. 表示具体的行为时(特别是将来的行为)，必须用 动词不定式。 Translate: 1. 说比做容易。 ______________________________________________________________ 2. 他最大的梦想是退休之后携妻子环球旅行。 ______________________________________________________________ Focused Practice ?.Translation. 1.照顾好老人是我们的。 ________________________________________________________________ It is our duty to take good care of the elderly. 2.对我来说，学好物理是很困难的。 ________________________________________________________________ It very difficult for me to study physics well. 3.乘公交去那里要花费45分钟。 ________________________________________________________________ It takes 45 minutes to get there by bus. 4.听父母的话是必须的。 ________________________________________________________________ It is a must to listen to our parents. 5.这件毛衣花了她几百元。 ________________________________________________________________ It cost her hundreds yuan to buy this sweater. 6.Phoebe很乐于助人，帮我做了很多家务。 ________________________________________________________________ It is helpful of Phoebe to help me do lots of housework. ?. Choose the best answer. 1. __________ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned 2. It is not always easy __________ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused 3. __________ now seems impossible. A. Saving money B. To save money C. Being saved money D. To be saved money 4. To answer correctly is more important than __________ A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly C. finishing quickly D. you finish quickly 5. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving 6. It was polite _________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A. for B. of C. to D. with 7. Her wish is __________ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 8. It __________ forty-five minutes __________ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to 9. It is no good __________. You should give_________. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it 10. It is no __________ debating with Tom, because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. while 11. I don’t think it’s much good __________ to him. A. writing B. to write C. to be written D. being written Key: BABBA BCCBA A Homework Assignment ?.Reading comprehension. A A. works B. leading C. stand D. upset E. relieves F. counts G. fully H. slowing I. relatively J. discomfort Aspirin is effective in relieving pain. For millions of people suffering from arthritis, aspirin is ththe only thing that ___1___. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20 century wonder drug. And it is also the ___2___ cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although ___3___ mild, are mostly unrecognized among users. A small quantity of aspirin ____4___ pain. It also reduces fever by disturbing some of the body’s reactions. Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formation of the acids involved in pain and the chemical reactions that cause fever. The chemistry of these acids is not ___5___ understood, but the ___6___ effect of aspirin is well-known. Aspirin causes ___7___ to the stomach and many aspirin takers complain about ___8___ stomach. There is a right way and a wrong way to take aspirin. The best way is to chew the tables before taking them with water, but few can ___9___ the bitter taste. Some people suggest breaking the tablets in milk and drinking that. A B I EG HJDC B The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Dong, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Dong loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough(面团)covered with ugly yellowish marks . realizing I had been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work , I went on preparing the rest of the meal , and , when Doug got home , we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice . He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in out rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母)made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing . I had to admit what the ’living thing ’was and why it was there . I don’t know who was more embarrassed(尴尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. 1(The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ___________ A(to tell an interesting experience B(to show the easiest way out of a difficulty C(to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D(to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books 2(Why did the woman’s attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful? A(The canned orange had gone bad. B(She didn’t use the right kind of flour. C(The cookbook was hard to understand. D(She did not follow the directions closely. 3(Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin? A(She didn’t see the use of keeping it B(She meant to joke with her husband. C(She didn’t want her husband to see it. D(She hoped it would soon dry in the son. 4(What made the dough in the rubbish bin? A(The rising and falling movement. B(The strange-looking marks. C(Its shape. D(Its size. 5(When Doug went out the third time , the woman looked out of the window because she was ___. A(surprised at his being interested in the bin B(afraid that he would discover her secret C(unhappy that he didn’t enjoy the meal D(curious to know what disturbed him ADCAD ?.Writing. 加拿大高中生David在互联网Internet上登出启事notice，希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学 习中国的语言，文化culture。 假设你是李华，请在看到这则启事后，用英文给David发一封电子邮件，主要内容包括: 你怎样得知David的愿望 你愿意成为他的朋友 你打算如何帮助他 你盼望他的回复 注意: 1、 以电子邮件的格式书写。 2、字数:100词左右。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________