第一型小儿麻痹剂

第一型小儿麻痹剂 Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 20 Chapter 20 Defence against diseases STS connection 20.2 Stories of the development of vaccination (Bk 3, p.47) Task 1 1 The pus collected from the boils contained the cowpox viruses. The viruses could not be killed by the body on its first exposure to the pathogens. The viruses damaged the body cells and the boy became ill. 2 Sufficient antibodies and phagocytes were produced to kill the cowpox viruses. 3 The cowpox viruses were memorized by the memory cells when the body was first exposed to the pathogens. Since the smallpox viruses and the cowpox viruses were similar, the exposure to the smallpox viruses stimulated the production of more antibodies and phagocytes in a shorter time to kill the viruses. 4 No. His immunity developed was specific to the cowpox or similar viruses only. 5 Use killed rabies viruses / live but weakened rabies viruses to prepare the vaccine. STS connection 20.3 Relation of immunization programmes to the control of infectious diseases (Bk 3, p.49) Task 1 1 Hong Kong is an overcrowded city where TB is easier to spread to other people. 2 The antigen in the vaccine produces a primary response and is memorized. As the antigen on the TB-causing bacteria is similar, any subsequent infection by the TB-causing bacteria will lead to a secondary response that can kill the bacteria effectively. 3 It is difficult to determine its usefulness because BCG vaccination and other TB control methods started at about the same time. / BCG vaccination was introduced when there was an already declining incidence of TB. / HIV-infection and immigration, etc. also affect the incidence of TB. 4 Yes. It is because the incidence of TB in Hong Kong is higher than that in other developed countries. / No. Its usefulness in the control of TB is in doubt. 5 Maintain good personal hygiene. Find new cases of diseases so that the patients can receive treatment sooner. / Increase public awareness through education. , Oxford University Press 2005 Page 1 / 5 Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 20 (Bk 3, p.50) Task 2 Have I received the vaccination? (,/Age Immunization recommended ) (Answers vary with BCG vaccine 卡介苗 Ss.) Polio type I 第一型小兒麻痺劑 Newborn Hepatitis B vaccine — first dose 乙型肝炎疫苗 ? 第一次 Hepatitis B vaccine — second dose 1 month 乙型肝炎疫苗 — 第二次 DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis & tetanus) — first dose 白喉、百日咳及破傷風混合疫苗 — 第一次 2–4 months Polio trivalent — first dose 三型混合小兒麻痺劑 ? 第一次 DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis & tetanus) — second dose 3–5 months 白喉、百日咳及破傷風混合疫苗 — 第二次 DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis & tetanus) — third dose 白喉、百日咳及破傷風混合疫苗 — 第三次 4–6 months Polio trivalent — second dose 三型混合小兒麻痺劑 — 第二次 Hepatitis B vaccine — third dose 6 months 乙型肝炎疫苗——第三次 MMR vaccine (measles, mumps & rubella) — first dose 1 year 麻疹、流行性腮腺炎及德國麻疹混合疫苗 — 第一次 DPT vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis & tetanus) — booster dose 白喉、百日咳及破傷風混合疫苗 — 加強劑 1.5 year Polio trivalent — booster dose 三型混合小兒麻痺劑 — 加強劑 DT vaccine (diphtheria & tetanus) — booster dose 白喉及破傷風混合疫苗 — 加強劑 Polio trivalent — booster dose 三型混合小兒麻痺劑 —加強Primary 1 劑 MMR vaccine (measles, mumps & rubella) — second dose 麻疹、流行性腮腺炎及德國麻疹混合疫苗 — 第二次 DT vaccine (diphtheria & tetanus) — booster dose Primary 6 白喉及破傷風混合疫苗 — 加強劑 Polio trivalent — booster dose 三型混合小兒麻痺劑 — 加強劑 , Oxford University Press 2005 Page 2 / 5 Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 20 Activity 20.1 Sergeant Michael’s diary (Bk 3, p.51) Task 1 Pathogen. 2 It refers to the skin. 3 Phagocytosis and antibody production by the white blood cells. 4 The army has invaded the immune system before. It was memorized by the white blood cells of the immune system. When the army attacks again, a secondary response develops to produce more antibodies in a shorter time. Exercise 20 (Bk 3, p.52) Multiple-choice questions 1 A 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 C 8 D (Bk 3, p.53) Structured questions 1 a Skin (1m) b It serves as a physical barrier (1m) which prevents pathogens from entering through the body surface (1m). It also secretes sebum (1m) as an antiseptic to kill pathogens on the skin (1m). c Cover him / the wound with an anti-bacterial coat (1m). It can prevent him / the wound from contacting with the air which is full of pathogens (1m). d Pathogens could enter his body directly (1m) so that he might become ill or even die (1m). e Graft a piece of healthy skin from his own body / pig’s skin on the wound. (1m) (Bk 3, p.54) 2 a Mitotic cell division (1m) b i Antibodies (1m) ii It attaches to the pathogens and lyses them. / It helps phagocytes to engulf the pathogens more easily. / It makes pathogens stick together into clumps. It prevents them from entering cells or reproducing. / It produces antitoxins to neutralize the toxins. (Any 2, 1m each) c Memory cell (1m). It memorizes the type of pathogen (1m). If the body is subsequently infected by the same pathogen, the body will develop a secondary response (1m), which is more powerful to kill the pathogens. d Specific immune response (1m) e As virus W has been memorized by the memory cells, a secondary response will be triggered when virus W enters the body again (1m). In this response, a large amount of substance Y is produced in a short time to act on virus W (1m). , Oxford University Press 2005 Page 3 / 5 Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 20 (Bk 3, p.55) 3 a It is because the transplanted kidney will be regarded as a foreign substance by the body (1m) and the immune system will act against it (1m). The inhibition of immune system can prevent such rejection from occurring (1m). b i Phagocytes (1m) They are produced in bone marrow of long bones. (1m) ii Correct drawing (1m) Correct label (1m) (Bk 3, p.56) c i To prevent himself from contacting with pathogens from outside. (1m) ii To prevent any pathogens carried on their clothes from entering Mr Chan’s room. (1m) , Oxford University Press 2005 Page 4 / 5 Certificate Biology - New Mastering Basic Concepts Suggested answers to Activity Books Ch 20 , Oxford University Press 2005 Page 5 / 5