衡水中学的“封神”之路

衡水中学的“封神”之路 衡水中学的“封神”之路 超级高考工厂 2013-10-10 13:36:32 来源:南方报业网-南方周末 衡水中学2012届高中毕业生合影。在有的中学校长们看来，衡中“像黑洞一样”吸纳全省甚至省外优秀生源，“站起衡中一个，倒下一片”。 (衡水中学网站图/图) 衡中校门街道边，今年考入北大清华的104名学生头像一字排开。街道不够长，考入港大和新加坡国立大学的77名学生没能露脸。 衡水的GDP长年徘徊河北末三位，但衡中撑起了“教育名城”的所有名声。放假时校门口停驻近4000辆小车，十年中接待访问人数17万，如今参观须交600元会务费。 学校实行“无死角管理”，从早上5点半到晚上10点10分，时间安排具体到分钟。成绩、德行、卫生全部纳入“量化管理”，包括“男女生频繁交往”、发呆、吃零食等都属扣分范畴。 衡中“像黑洞一样”吸纳全省优秀生源，河北高考渐成独唱。2013年高考衡中独占清华北大招生人数的80%、全省600分以上考生的五分之一。在河北“衡中没有对手”。 “衡水中学扩建工作是全市人民关心的一件大事，必须看大、看急、看重”，全衡水所涉及部门、单位都必须密切配合。衡中背后，是衡水全市乃至河北全省的教育资源集中。 完全可以把衡水中学当做一家工厂来看待。流水线从每天清晨5:30开始运作，到每晚上22:10关机停工，其间的每一分钟都被精确管理。拿着衡水中学的作息时间表，你看不consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 到哪怕一分钟，是留给学生们自由支配的。 现代企业的流水线终于被无缝移植到中学教育当中。教师们仿佛是往板上焊接元件的女工——喜欢招聘女老师是衡水中学的一个传统，因为“好管理”——她们在规定的时间点上，娴熟地把语文、英语、数学等科目考试所需要的知识，焊接到这些十六七岁孩子的大脑里。这个工厂的产品，便是每年6月份的高考升学率。 整个河北省的初中，都是衡水中学的原材料供应商。尽管恶评不断，当地政府也多次出台政策限制跨区域掠夺优秀生源，但衡水中学仍能轻松从全省甚至从北京遴选优秀生源。 在这所超级中学的“英才街”上，2013年104位考入清华北大学生的头像贴画从街口一字排开，一直延伸到校门口。 300米的小街显然不够长，考入香港大学、新加坡国立大学等国际名校的77名学生甚至都没能一一露脸。 在这300米的小街上，可以看到教育的理念和荣耀被层层削减后剩下的东西:考试，考更好高校以及最好的高校。 英才街热闹的背后，2013年河北省高考几乎是衡水中学的独奏表演，不仅囊括了河北省文理科状元，文理600分以上的考生也超过全省的五分之一。考入清华北大的104人使得衡水中学独占两校河北招生人数的80%，并成为河北自新中国成立以后首个两校录取学生过百的中学。 这已经是衡水中学连续第14年在河北省高考中夺魁，在全国15000余所中学里再添传奇。而在民间，衡水中学被追捧为“超级中学”之上“神一样的学校”。 中国恢复高考36年，在基础教育层面则是逐渐摆脱“农村包围城市”，资源向城市倾斜的历史过程。在此基础上形成的“超级中学”现象，在屡创应试神话的同时，更加剧了资源失衡和教育不公。因而在落后地区眼中，“超级中学”被形容为一个个超级“黑洞”。 衡水中学则是一个例外。和大城市超级中学若干分庭抗礼不同，衡水中学在整个河北没有对手，且像一个反向“黑洞”般将石家庄乃至北京的优秀学生尽收门下。衡水这个经济省内倒数、曾经贫瘠的盐碱地也因这所学校而成为盛名远播的“教育名城”。 一直以来，围绕衡水中学的质疑和获得的成绩一样巨大。作为落后地区基础教育一次难得的“逆袭”，以半军事化管理、绩效量化等现代公司管理手段为特点的“衡水模式”在国内迅速传播并被争相仿效，一边被捧作济世良药，一边又被斥为应试教育的复辟和滥觞。 如今，出身小城的衡水中学已经站到了当地“教育生态链”的顶端，并继续扮演着掠夺者的角色，令那些同样是落后地区的基础教育“雪上加霜”。衡水中学带来的争论还远未休止。正如《人民日报》在2013年7月一篇文章的标题——衡水中学:没对手有隐忧。 朝圣者 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 家长来了，全国各地的老师们也来了，他们是衡水中学的“朝圣者”。 位于北京以南270多公里的河北衡水有着便捷的交通，却有着与之不相称的经济发展水平，由于资源缺乏，GDP长年徘徊河北末三位。衡水中学几乎撑起了这座小城所有的名声，学校位于市区西南一片低矮的居民区，来往大货车卷起的尘土时常将街道陷入一片灰蒙。 衡水周期性的繁荣，则出现于每个月学校放假的日子。外地家长们赶来衡水看望念书的孩子，挂着各地牌照的小汽车会将街道塞满，整个城市都会陷入拥堵之中。 衡水中学是拥堵的中心，其门口有时会停驻近4000辆小汽车，绵延数公里。天长日久，“衡中堵车”已经成了市民长期反映的民生难题。衡水交警部门还为此专门制定《关于衡中放假期间联勤工作》，派出30名工作人员以保障衡水中学附近通畅。 “能考个好大学，见不到孩子也值得。”家长们对拥堵也很能忍耐，他们每个月只能见一次孩子，陪孩子吃顿饭。他们觉得孩子能到衡水中学念书，就是送进了“大学的保险箱里”。这是一件值得感恩的事。 家长来了，全国各地的老师们也来了，他们是衡水中学的“朝圣者”。虽然是以研讨会的名义来到衡水的，但老师们的参观并不免费，为此他们需要缴纳600元的“会务费”。 “这是我去过的地方里门票最贵的。”一位参观过衡水中学的老师打趣说。他早就听闻衡水中学的名号，学校派他和同事来这里的目的，是希望借助这里的经验来提升升学率。 当老师们走进衡水中学所在的英才路时，一眼难以看到尽头的头像贴画会令他们感到震撼。边走边看，这些图腾般的图画会让他们心情变得虔诚。等到衡水中学门口，数字化介绍高考成就的巨大展板会再度强化他们的惊异。 脖子上挂着吊牌，他们像学生一般排队，在衡水中学工作人员的带引下进入校园参观。激情课间操震天的口号，无人抬头的自习课，午饭时间学生的奔跑，都会给这些老师留下深刻印象。然后认真地在笔记本上记录下“封闭管理”、“量化教学”这些词语。当然，不少人还会反思自身，写下长篇大论的参观感受。 云南等地的中学更为直接，老师带着学生坐了36小时的大巴来到衡水中学参观，为的就是在这些学生心中“埋下信念的种子”。 除了造成拥堵之外，这些外来者仍不无可爱之处，他们会住满市区数量庞大的酒店，购物消费。曾经，一个全国性的高中校长论坛在衡水中学举行，校长张文茂一再要求减少参会人数，原因是“衡水市区的宾馆住不下”。2011年衡水中学承办会议，尽管包下衡水所有的宾馆，还是有不少与会者只能到几十公里以外的县城去住宿。 十余年来，到衡水中学参观学习的外地官员、师生就有17万人。衡水中学宣传处主任张永笑称，衡水中学为衡水的宾馆业作出了很大贡献。 但这些取经者学到了什么“真经”呢,换句话说，衡水经验，是否可以在全国复制, consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 陕西老师刘波9月初参观了衡水中学，他对学生疯狂的学习态度感触颇深，回校之后他发现自己所在的学校环境根本没法那样要求学生，憋到最后，他觉得自己唯一能做的就是多给学生布置一些作业，结果换来一片哀嚎。 衡水中学成名了，山东的老师曾慕名来学习过。但来过以后，之后就不再来了，因为山东禁止中学补课。“衡水模式的基础是建立在对学生时间控制之上的。”曾在衡水中学任教10年的李娟说，禁止补课打断了生产线的连续工作。 强人校长的“药方” “国家级示范高中”建设的政策并没有出台过。但李金池却凭借这个虚拟的幌子，完成原始积累。 时间倒前20年，衡水中学还只是衡水市(县级市)下辖的一所中学，招生范围仅限于全市。衡水中学退休教师戴藏云还记得，当时衡水中学房屋破旧，还有被洪水淹过的痕迹。1992年，李金池开始担任校长，这成为衡水中学的转折点。 “学校管理十分混乱，教学也是一团糟。”李金池回忆说，当年衡水中学召开班主任会，副校长讲话，台下有人喊了声“别听他瞎掰扯，散了吧”，众人一哄而散，留下几个领导在台上面面相觑。1992年，在衡水地区十一个县的教学评比中，衡水中学排名靠后。 “当时组织部物色校长时找了不少人，但大家都不愿理这个烂摊子。”接到任命后，李consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 金池回到家一宿未眠。 戴藏云与李金池是河北师范学院77级的同学，毕业后又一起被分配到衡水中学。“他本来是一名历史教师，有些家国情怀。”戴藏云说，李金池还善于管理。 面对衡中的沉疴，李金池开出的第一个“药方”是整顿校风校纪。当年，衡水中学围墙低矮，学生纪律涣散经常逃课，而一些社会青年也可以翻墙入校滋事行窃，甚至骚扰女生。“我当时忙完一天的工作，还要带领学校中层蹲点抓流氓，经常抓到一两点。”李金池说，为了震慑流氓，常常抓住后是先打一顿，然后再扭送派出所。 1993年，衡水中学关闭校门，实行全寄宿、准封闭管理，要求所有学生一律住校。“扎紧篱笆，管理就方便了。” 但与落后的硬件水平相比，校园管理还不算多大的难题。当时衡水地区尚未建市，仍是个传统的农业地区，市区仅有三万人口。盐碱地里广种薄收，经济发展的落后也牵制了教育。戴藏云还记得，那时很多中学连一幢像样的房子都没有，教学和住宿都在平房里。 李金池穷得连一块砖都买不起，当时衡水中学一年的办公经费仅有一二十万元，仅够发教职工的工资。1993年，李金池听到一个消息——教育部正在酝酿建设1000所国家级示范高中。他认为机会来了。 他先在学校的大会小会上频频提及这个未经证实的事情，并勉励师生为之奋斗。当年教师节，衡水市委书记与市长都来到衡水中学考察。李金池重点汇报了衡中争创“国家级示范高中”的目标，他对领导说:“衡水地区必须要争取一所，衡水中学要担起这个责任。” 时值上世纪九十年代初，湖北的黄冈模式正风靡中国，凭着“奥赛、高考和教辅”三大法宝，黄冈中学缔造了基础教育的第一代“神话”，宣称“把中国考起来”。红火之时，黄冈中学不仅上央视上教材，大卖教辅，每年都有全国人大代表名额。仅十余年后，学校每年效益就过千万，还到外地开分校。基础教育为贫困地区带来的名声与经济反哺，刺激了地方教育政绩观的兴起。 “国家级示范高中”这个饼画得很有诱惑力。戴藏云回忆当年一次全市干部会，市领导特别提及衡水中学，希望能把学校办好。经过李金池向市领导的多次请缨，衡水决定花力气办好衡水中学，校园硬件建设被提上日程。 “当时市里投资1200万，分三年支付。”李金池说，每年400万在当时的衡水已经非常可观，占去衡水地区每年财政预算教育支出的三分之一。第二年，衡水市财政困难，只拿出了200万元。为了保证工期，李金池开始东拼西凑，连一些低分生缴纳的“借读费”也拿了出来。资金到位之后，很快新的教学楼、图书馆都建立起来了。这些建筑衡水中学一直使用到现在。 事实上，“国家级示范高中”建设的政策并没有出台过。但李金池却凭借这个虚拟的幌子，完成原始积累。1995年，衡水中学成为衡水地区升学率排位的第一名。1996年，衡水撤地设市，衡水中学被划为市教委直管中学。借助扶摇直上的办学成绩，李金池又向市委市consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 政府提出提升衡水中学行政级别，以比肩其他地市的知名中学。1997年，衡水中学升格为正处级单位。 “如果说有什么可以分享的经验，那就是善借外力。”20年后，李金池这样总结衡水中学的崛起。 一切公司化 就连处理学生的早恋问题，衡水中学的量化也做到极致，如男女学生交往频繁，会酌情量化扣除班级德行分。 衡水中学开始腾飞的1994年，800公里外的湖北黄冈中学恰逢90周年校庆，黄冈市城区许多单位放假一天，中央政治局五位常委为其题词，七十多家中央及地方媒体蜂拥而至。 这样的殊荣，对衡水教育界构成了不小的冲击。置身于发达的京津唐工业区之外，经济指数全省倒数的衡水也在努力寻找出路，李金池和衡水中学也不例外。 对衡水中学而言，学习大城市高薪聘请名师自然是不可行的，衡水并不具备这样的条件。因此，李金池后来回顾的治校措施，更多是从衡水中学内部发掘潜力。“竞争是衡水中学发展起来的关键。”无论李金池还是衡水中学的老师们，都会这样总结。 “衡水中学管理的特点就是没有死角。”戴藏云说。所谓“没有死角”，就是实行全寄宿、封闭管理，在校内，学校全面安排学生的学习、活动和休息。而林林总总的校规细致到“能否带橘子进教室和穿短裤睡觉”。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 流传于网络的一张课表，记录了衡水中学校园生活的紧凑，学生从每天早上5点半起床开始，一直到晚间9点50分，排得满满的。就算是晚间放学之后，学生也必须十分钟内跑回宿舍并上床休息。如果学生违反，将面临惩罚。 衡水中学的一天，是从操场上震天的口号声中开始的。每个班级音量的大小，直接决定了这个班级的量化考核分数。就算是站在操场上，每个学生手中也都拿着书本在朗诵，争分夺秒。就算是吃饭，学生们也是争先恐后跑去食堂，一度学校规定不许跑，甚至派人检查，仍然管不住。 “我来衡中做什么，我要做一个什么样的人，我今天做得怎么样。”经典的“衡中三问”，是衡水中学学生头顶的“道德律令”。而激励人心的口号则见于每个班级和学校的各个角落，就连上楼的阶梯上都是各种各样的公式。积极、竞争，已经深入校园里的每个角落。 “衡水中学的管理说到底就是封闭管理和量化考核，这是一个钢镚的两个侧面。”李金池告诉南方周末记者，封闭管理是第一步，可以为学校营造一个单纯的环境。而要调动老师的积极性，量化考核则是不可或缺的。而有去过衡中的参观者认为，绩效量化其实就是借助现代公司手段管理校园，无止境地追求效率和数值考量。 从量化班级入手，班级的学习成绩、纪律、宿舍卫生状况，都会影响考核成绩。而考核的成绩直接与班主任、任课老师的绩效评定发生联系。“比如坐班，量化会具体到每个小时。”李娟曾在衡水中学任教10年，她说执行量化考核的是学校课少的音体美副科的老师和教务干事，他们统计成表并公布出来。 “学校利用了老师们的自尊心。”李娟说，量化考核鞭策结果是，老师只能拼命工作。 对于量化考核、坐班等措施，教师中不少人反对。“当时一些教师抵触，在背后骂我。”李金池回忆说。戴藏云觉得李金池有自己的政治智慧，他常常将一个先在学校中层干部会上透风，但并不急于实行，等到教师们下面骂完了，情绪平静后，他才突然宣布实施，反对的声音就小了。 除开硬的一面，李金池还有软的。推行班级量化考核，反对最厉害的是班主任，因为考核结果最终会落到他们头上，李金池一度将班主任的津贴从8元提高到40元。学校经济宽裕之后，他给教师们盖了住房，他和其他学校领导都靠后，好房子让一线的教学骨干先选。 统一的管理逐渐有了成果，衡水中学考上清华北大的学生从几人到了十几人。2000年高考，衡水中学力压石家庄二中这些传统名校，成为河北省的高考冠军。 “你们中要出更多的吴仪，要出更多的鲁迅。”戴藏云曾多次看到，李金池的一句话就能让台下的学生嗷嗷叫。李金池成为这个学校的标志。他每天早上会带领师生跑操，和5000名学生一起高喊口号。按照他信仰的“工作安排紧凑了就是激情”，衡水中学的时间表里每件事都被精确到了分钟。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 就连处理学生的早恋问题，衡水中学的量化也做到极致，如男女学生频繁交往等“非正常接触”，会酌情量化扣除班级德行分。 2002年9月，中国教育报头版连续四天以《一个教育函数式的解读》为题报道了衡水中学办学经验，衡水中学声名鹊起，被称为“教育神话”。李金池还记得，当时学校里找他的电话都被打爆了。2004年，李金池从校长位置上调任衡水市教育局局长，那时他在衡水已经家喻户晓。 难道教育局管不了他们吗, 衡水中学等超级中学的“掐尖”，使得大部分县市中学的处境越来越恶化，被业内人士形容为“站起一个，倒下一片”。“难道教育局管不了他们吗,”一份投诉材料这样写。 李金池离开衡水中学之后，他原来的下属张文茂接任衡水中学校长一职。这时候的衡水中学俨然是河北省内首屈一指的名校。全国政协委员迟福林曾认为，地方政府是“超级中学”现象的始作俑者，许多地方领导以辖区内拥有“超级中学”为荣。 而对于衡水当地而言，衡水中学无疑是手中筹码，如果运用得当，这将是小城最耀眼的“名牌”。 在河北，超级中学的苗头则出现在2003年。这一年石家庄二中成立分校，在河北教育界引发震动。当时许多教育专家已经预测到这将带来的“黑洞效应”和对教育公平的破坏。此后，河北省内的知名中学仍纷纷设立分校扩大招生。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 当时，高考已经成为超级中学的秀场。人大附中、西工大附中、南开中学都已经形成气候。这些中学多分布在首都和省会，当时优质的师资和生源向大城市流动是趋势。相比而言，衡水中学面临一场逆流而上的战斗。 2006年9月，衡水中学将一所民办中学收入旗下，改名为滏阳中学，专门招收复读生。凭借衡水中学的名气，第一年就有近千人入学就读。利用生源的“马太效应”，衡水中学开始在河北省各个地市吸收生源。 “实际上，衡水中学能考上十几个清华北大，已经到了极限。”河北教育界人士对南方周末记者说，衡水中学原来的招生范围仅限全市，多数学生都来自于市区桃城区(原来衡水县级市)。衡水中学已经将这些学生的潜能最大程度挖掘了。 衡水中学要继续迈进，就必须打破“不得超范围招生”的藩篱，广纳全省的优秀生源而教之。李金池说，在他任校长最后的两年里，已经有外地的学生慕名来衡水中学。衡水中学的加入，使得河北超级中学的争夺倍加激烈，主要体现是优质生源的争夺，免收学费甚至是给钱给物这样的招生“谍战”在各处上演。 大鱼吃小鱼，小鱼吃虾米，顶级的“尖子生”则流入了衡水中学这样的一流中学。2010年中考，邢台市区前100名学生留在邢台的只有30多名，接近70人流向石家庄二中和衡水中学。 “县里招生环境越来越恶劣，很难招到和留住优秀学生，高考升学率滑坡严重。”河北赞皇县中学校长侯树军曾对媒体说，衡水中学等超级中学的“掐尖”，使得大部分县市中学的处境越来越恶化，被业内人士形容为“站起一个，倒下一片”。 2011年，赞皇县中考前200名，最后留赞皇中学的仅60人。赞皇中学一度出台政策，将出十万元奖励考入清华北大的学生，但一直没有机会兑现。而某名校招生老师在赞皇还被打了。而河北当地媒体，不时接到关于衡中等名校违规招生的举报和投诉，“难道教育局管不了他们吗,”一份投诉材料这样写。 2011年7月15日，河北教育厅基教处曾通报衡水市第二中学、临城中学、石家庄二中分校等三所学校违规招生，但并无详细处理说明。 衡水中学成为乱局中的赢家。从十几人到近百人，衡水中学考入清华北大两校的人数占掉了全省大部分，超越石家庄二中等传统名校，独霸河北。虽然河北省教育厅一再禁止超范围招生，最终都不了了之。 “在我们的班上，当时就有超过20个同学是外地人。”衡水中学2007届学生张雨说，甚至不少北京、山东等地的学生也在衡水中学学习。 虽然，本地学生的主体地位受到了冲击，衡水中学服务本地的作用下降了。但衡水当地政府却跟衡水中学进入了“蜜月期”。每年高考成绩出榜之后，衡水中学的网站会挂满衡水各个领导的贺词。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 2009年，衡水市原市委书记陈贵在考察衡水中学扩建工作时也表达强力的支持:“衡水中学扩建工作是全市人民关心的一件大事，必须看大、看急、看重。”他要求衡水中学扩建所涉及的部门、单位都要密切配合。 除开当地市委市政府的鼎力支持，衡水中学还有另外一张可供资助的“关系网”。据熟知衡水中学招生的人士说，衡水中学一座难求，外地学生要进去必须有高官的“条子”。能拿到“条子”的学生，不是子女也会沾亲带故。这些关系会帮助衡水中学免去不少麻烦。 “从现在学生家长的通讯录就可以看出，不少家长都非等闲之辈。”曾做过衡水中学班主任的王莉告诉南方周末记者，她和丈夫在高速路上因严重违章被扣车，她忽然想到班上一名学生的父亲是交警部门的领导，就拨通电话求助，很快她和丈夫就直接开车走人。 “我一个普通老师都可以这样，学校能动员的资源就更厉害了。”王莉说。 走中间路线了 李金池在接受媒体采访时也承认:当年搞的是题海战术，拼学生、拼老师，做了不少违背教育规律的事。“我现在走的是一条中间路线。” 58岁的李金池现在是石家庄一所民办中学的校长。2010年，他从衡水教育局长位置上退下来后，再度回到熟悉的教育实践领域，任精英中学的校长。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of “他将自己的经验运用在这里，学校很快有了起色。”退休后曾在精英中学兼职的戴藏云说，李金池到达精英中学后，他的“名人效应”使得这所民办中学当年招生就满额，优质的生源开始往这里流动。2013年高考，精英中学的一本、二本上线率就达到了石家庄全市第一，人们惊呼“衡水中学奇迹再现”。 “我现在走的是一条中间路线。”李金池说，到精英中学之后他对教育又有新的思考。但他的方式仍然没有变化，精英中学封校后实现了封闭管理，李金池仍旧在这里提倡他在衡水中学运用过的“激情教育”。 近年来，关于衡水中学教育模式的讨论从未停息。李金池在接受媒体采访时也承认:当年搞的是题海战术，拼学生、拼老师，做了不少违背教育规律的事。有些老师甚至体罚学生，采用棍棒教育，学生累得发昏，老师累得吐血。他说，从1997年后他也开始探索课堂改革，增加学生课堂参与度。 吊诡的是，越来越多的中学都开始以衡水中学为师。对于河北那些利益受损学校而言，要生存下来就只能学习衡水中学。然而，衡水中学的“马太效应”已成，要撼动几乎不可能。 李娟介绍说，如今衡水二中、衡水十三中都是学习衡水中学的治校模式，甚至在某些做法上青出于蓝。衡水二中提倡“低进优出”，招收衡水中学余下生源中的优秀者，目前每年也都有5人左右考上清华北大，实力远超其他地市的名校。 “比如衡水中学的每日教研——把老师聚齐开会交流经验的做法，就是学习二中的。”李娟笑说，衡水的中学间展开了发扬“衡中模式”的比拼。 “衡水中学的本质是一种过度教育。”一位衡水中学的离休领导告诉南方周末记者。 张雨还能记起她2007年在衡水中学复读的日子，发呆、吃零食、撕纸都会被记录，损失班级量化考核的成绩。一天晚间，她尿急去上厕所，就被工作人员记录下来，第二天通报批评就上了黑板报，班级量化考核被扣掉一分。 如今，无数渴求升学成就的学校将衡水中学的经验奉为圭臬。这让李娟感到忧心，教师的状态最终会影响到学生，考核的压力也会间接转移到他们身上。 “谁的青春可以被量化呢。”李娟说。 (文中张雨、李娟、王莉为化名) consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of