科技英语翻译ppt-3

nullnull Preposition EST Translation -3-null Preposition I. Special uses of some prepositions 1. of (1) of+nouns=adjectives (2) of+noun/noun phrase =within a certain range ●在该实验室的所有计算机中，这一台性能最好。 Of all the computers in this laboratory, this one performs best.null (3) the part after “of” is in apposition to the part before “of” ●那台较轻的仪器的质量为7公斤。 The lighter device has a mass of 7kg. ● 故障检修(trouble-shooting)这一主将在第9章讨论。 The topic of trouble-shooting will be discussed in Chapter 9.null (4) “of” is used in noun phrases (nouns come from vi.) ●图2画出了输出随输入的变化情况。 Fig. 2 shows the variation of the output with the input. ●我们用椭圆(ellipse)来描述行星绕太阳运行的情况。 Ellipses are used to describe the motions of the planets around the sun.null (5) “of” is used in noun phrases (Nouns come from vt.) ● 一个力可以分解成x分量和y分量。 The resolution of a force into x- and y- components is possible. (It is possible to resolve a force into x- and y- components.) null 2. with (1) with + abstract nouns = adverbs with care / with accuracy / with ease / with efficiency / … (2) “with construction” as a post modifier ● 具有五个部件的机器 a machine with five parts null (3) “with construction” as adverbials ●有了雷达，我们就能看到远处的物体。 With radar, we can see distant objects. (4) set phrases: A varies / changes / increases / decreases with B.null3. by (1) “by” means “根据，按照”. ●根据式(3), 我们可以得到以下的表达式。 By Eq. (3), we can obtain the following expression. (2) by doing sth. / by + n. / through + n. (通过……) ●通过该设备的参数，…… By analyzing the parameters of the device, …null 4. for (1) “for” introduces the adverbial of condition ( 当……时，如果) ●若x>1，则该式不成立。 For x>1，this equation does not hold. ●当n=1时，这个因子等于1. For n=1, this factor equals unity.null (2) “for” is used after such nouns as method, technique, equation, algorithm, condition, requirement, etc. Notes: method for doing sth. / method of doing sth. / method to do sth. (3) solve A for B ● 我们必须解这个方程来求那个未知数。 It is necessary for us … for the unknown.null 5. in (1) “in” is used before a noun that represents unit ●这里t 的度量单位为秒。 Here t is measured in seconds. (2) in + noun / in + doing sth. (= during…, in the course of…) in our discussion / in analyzing the datanull(3) “in” is used to express a certain respect in quality / in size / in speed … ●这些设备的体积各不相同。 These devices differ in size. (p.242) ●这台机器的速度受到了限制。 This machine is limited in speed. null6. on (“一……就”和“在……之后”） (1) on + noun (the noun has the meaning of an action) ● 稍加思考，我们发现该式并非适合于各种情况。 Upon a moment’s reflection, we find that the equation is not fit for all cases. (2) on + doing sth. ● 物质一经挤压，其体积就会缩小。 On being compressed, the volume of a substance will be reduced.null7. over (1) transmitted by… over the radio / over the phone ● 必须保护通过网络传输的数据。 It is necessary to protect data (that are) transferred over the network.null(2) in a comparison ● A 与B相比有很多优点。 A has many advantages over B. ● 这个温度与前面测量的1500C相比有了明显的下降。 This temperature has a marked decrease over the 1500C previously measured. null(3) within a range ● 求出它在这段距离上的平均速度并不难。 The determination of its average velocity over this distance is not difficult. It is not difficult to determine its average … over this distance. ● 这个电压在很宽的频率范围内十分稳定。 This voltage is fairly stable over a wide frequency range.null(4) indicating control, command, etc ●这个电压控制光点亮度。 This voltage controls over the brightness of the light spot. (5) more than ●50多公里 over 50 kilometers (6) in or to a position higher than but not touching sth. (7) in or across every part or most parts of sth.nullPractice of prep. (1) 这本书对电子师来说是极有帮助的。 (2) 在前4章中，第3章最重要。 (3) 解这道题很容易。 (4) 在这种情况下，电流导前(lead)电压90o。 (5) 通过分析这台设备的参数(parameter)，我们可以了解它的性能(performance)。null(6) 若x＞0，则该方程无解。 (7) 现在我们需要解这个方程，求出那个未知数(unknown)来。 (8) 在把这些值代入(substitute)后，人们发现v等于光速。 (9) 电容(capacitance)是用法拉(farad)为单位来度量的。null(10）这台计算机的体积很小。 (11) 这些波只朝一个方向传播。 (12) 在研究电学时,物理学家们定义了电场强度(electric field intensity)。null(1) 这本书对电子工程师来说是极有帮助的。 This book is of great help to electronic engineers. (2) 在前4章中，第3章最重要。 Of the previous 4 chapters, Chapter 3 is the most important. (3) 解这道题很容易。 This problem can be solved with great ease.null(4) 在这种情况下，电流导前(lead)电压90o。 In this case, the current leads the voltage by 900. (5) 通过分析这台设备的参数(parameter)，我们可以了解它的性能(performance)。 Through (By) the analysis of the parameters of this device [or: By analyzing the parameters of this device], we can understand its performance. null(6) 若x＞0，则该方程无解。 For x > 0, there is no solution to the equation. (7) 现在我们需要解这个方程，求出那个未知数(unknown)来。 Now it is necessary for us to solve this equation for that unknown. (8) 在把这些值代入(substitute)后，人们发现v等于光速。 Upon substitution of these values, it is found that v is equal to the velocity of light.null(9) 电容(capacitance)是用法拉(farad)为单位来度量的。 Capacitance is measured in farads. (10）这台计算机的体积很小。 This computer is very small in size. (11) 这些波只朝一个方向传播。 These waves travel only in one direction.null(12) 在研究电学时,物理学家们定义了电场强度(electric field intensity)。 In their study of electricity, physicists defined electric field intensity.