【精品】开一张收据40

【精品】开一张收据40 Section A Longing for a New Welfare System Background Information social welfare: Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare”, provide cash or in-kind benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for child care, disability, food and medical assistance (also known as medical aid). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance. U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditures and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states — and, in some cases, on the larger cities. The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state. Social welfare is an integrated part of a country's social policy. New Words & Expressions receipt n. 1. [C] a written or printed statement that goods have been paid for 收据，收 条 make out a receipt 开一张收据 Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy. 一定要确保你买的每样东西都有一张收据。 I paid the bill and he gave me a receipt. 我付了账单，他给了我一张收据。 2. [U] (formal) the act of receiving sth. the receiving of sth. 收到 Please sign this form to acknowledge receipt of the money. 请在这#表格#上签名表示已收到这笔钱。 The goods will be dispatched on receipt of an order form. 收到订单即发货。 spinal a. having to do with one's spine 脊骨的，脊椎的 a spinal injury 脊骨受伤 a spinal disorder 脊椎病 His spinal cord was damaged. 他的脊椎受到了损伤。 screw n. [C] a kind of nail that is driven into sth. with a firm twisting action 螺丝，螺丝钉 He needed four strong screws for fixing the cupboard to the wall. 他需要4个大螺丝钉把这个碗橱固定在墙上。 v. fix with a screw 用螺丝钉固定 He screwed the handle to the door. 他用螺丝钉把把手固定在门上。 brake n. [C] an apparatus for reducing movement of a vehicle and bringing it to a stop, esp. by means of pressure on the wheels 闸，制动器，刹车 She had no brake on her bicycle. 她的自行车上没有车闸。 His brakes failed on a slippery road. 他的刹车在打滑的路面上失灵了。 bid n. 1. [C] an offer to pay a certain price at a sale, esp. at an auction (在拍卖等活动中买主的)喊价，出价，投标 Bids for building the bridge were invited from big firms throughout the country. 已向全国几个大公司招标建造这座桥梁。 Have they put in a bid for the contract? 他们有没有投标争取这个, I made a bid of $150 for the painting. 我出价150美元买这幅画。 2. [C] an attempt to obtain sth. 企图得到 Her bid for re-election was unsuccessful. 她再次竞选的努力没有成功。 He made a bid for freedom by climbing over the wall. 他企图翻越这堵高墙以获得自由。 He failed in his bid to enter the castle. 他没能进入城堡。 v. 1) offer to pay a particular price for sth., esp. at an auction 出价;竟标 We wanted to buy the chairs but another couple were bidding against us. 我们想买这些椅子，但另外一对夫妇出价更高。 A French firm will be bidding for the contract. 一家法国公司将竞标这份合同。 2) (used esp. in newspapers) try to do, get or achieve sth. 企图 They are bidding for our favor by making wild promises that they can't keep. 他们许下一些无法实现的诺言，企图赢得我们的青睐。 appliance n. [C] a device, machine or piece of equipment, esp. an electrical one that is used in the home 器具，用具，(尤指)家用电器 electric / domestic / home / household appliances 家用电器 The kitchen is equipped with modern electrical appliance. 厨房里装有现代化的电器设备。 roast a. cooked in an oven, etc.烤过的，烘过的 roast beef 烤牛肉 roast pork 烤猪肉 v. do the cooking or cook in an oven, or over a fire, etc. 烤，烘 They roasted a chicken for me. 他们为我烤了一只鸡。 roast a potato in ashes 在灰烬中烘土豆 leak v. 1). (of a container) allow liquids or gases to get in or out when they shouldn't do 漏，泄漏 The tin was leaking. 罐头漏了。 The car leaked oil all over the drive. 那辆车漏了一路的油。 2). (of liquid or gas) get in or out in this way (液体、气体等)漏，渗 The rain's leaking in. 雨水漏了进来。 Water had started to leak into the cellar. 水开始渗入地下室 Air leaked out of the balloon. 空气从气球中漏了出来。 3). allow (secret information) to become generally known 泄漏(秘密) He leaked the names to the press. 他把名单泄漏给了新闻界。 The contents of the report were leaked to the press. 这份的内容已经泄露给了新 闻界 n. 1).[C] a hole, crack, etc. through which liquid or gas may wrongly get in or out 漏洞，漏 隙 a leak in the roof 屋顶漏隙 You'd better repair that leak in the fuel pipe. 你最好修理一下燃料管道的裂缝。 2)(deliberate act of giving secret information to the newspapers, etc. 泄露 a leak to the press about the government plans on tax 向新闻界泄露政府的征税计 划。 face with meet (sth. bad or difficult) 面对 They were faced with financial difficulties. 他们面临经济困难。 Faced with the evidence, he had to confess. 面对证据，他不得不坦白。 get / be involved in be part of , included in, mixed up, or deeply concerned with (sth. or doing sth.) 卷入，介入，参与 They had been deeply involved in the crimes.他们深深地卷入了犯罪活动。 More than 100 people are involved in the project.一百多人参与了这个项目。 I don't want to get involved in your family arguments.我不想卷入你的家庭争论。 account for be or give a reason for (sth. or doing sth.) 解释，说明(原因等) We have to account for every penny we spend on business trips. 我们得把出差花费的每一分钱都说明清楚。 How do you account for this sudden disappearance of all the money? 你如何解释所有的钱一下子没了, build up develop or increase sth. gradually逐步建立，逐步建设 She's built up a very successful business. 她建立起了一家非常成功的企业。 The gallery has built up a fine collection of contemporary art. 这家美术馆收藏了不少精美的当代艺术作品。 We've built up good relationships with our clients. 我们与客户建立了良好的关 系。 go through experience, endure or suffer (sth.) 经历，遭受，蒙受 He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to go through. 考虑到他所经历的一切，他的乐观是令人惊讶的。 He would go through fire and water for his country. 为了国家他赴汤蹈火也在所不惜。 He has already gone through many sufferings. 他已经受了许多苦难。 Language Points 1.Longing for a New Welfare System (Title) long for: have an intense desire for; want very much The children are longing for the holidays. 孩子们盼望放假。 People longed for peace after many years of war. 经过多年战争后，人们都盼望和平。 2.A welfare client is supposed to cheat. (Para.1) Meaning: People believe that a welfare client cheats / is cheating. be supposed to: 1) be generally believed or expected to be or do I haven't seen it myself, but it's supposed to be a great movie. 我还没有看过这部影片，但据说它挺不错的。 She's supposed to have had five hundred pairs of shoes. 据说她有500双鞋。 2) be expected or required to do or be sth. according to a rule, a custom, an arrangement, etc. You're supposed to buy a ticket, though not many people do. 尽管没有多少人买票，但你应该买。 You're supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the room. 如果你要离开教室，得跟老师说。 3.Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. (Para.1) Meaning: In the face of sharing uncooked pet food with the cat, many of my wheelchaired acquaintances have to lie about their circumstances, thus getting a little extra money from welfare givers. raw: a.1)(food) not cooked, I prefer to eat vegetables raw, not cooked. 我喜欢生吃蔬菜，不要煮。 These fish are often eaten raw. 这些鱼经常是生吃的。 2) (usu. before noun) (of materials) in its natural state, not processed, treated,; not yet changed, used or made into sth. else raw material/cotton / sugar / silk 籽棉/ 粗糖/ 生丝 Her childhood provided the raw material for her first novel. 她的童年经历为她的第一本小说提供了原始素材。 3) (usu. before noun) (of information) not yet organized into a form in which it can be easily used or understood This information is only raw data and will need further analysis. 这些信息只是些原始数据，需要进一步分析。 4.…bleed the system…(Para.1) bleed: v. 1) (informal) force sb. to pay a lot of money over a period of time My ex-wife is bleeding me for every penny I have. 我的前妻要榨干我身上的每一分 钱。 The West is bleeding poorer countries dry through interest payments on their debts. 西方正在通过债务利息榨干贫穷国家的财富。 2) lose blood, esp. from a wound or an injury He was bleeding from a gash on his head. 他头上的刀口正在流血。 Your arm is bleeding. 你的胳膊在流血。 5.…less than their real pension … (Para.1) pension: n. an amount of money paid regularly by a government or company to sb. who is considered to be too old or too ill to work She went to the post office to draw her pension. 她去邮局取退休金。 He retired on a company pension. 他退休时得到了公司的退休金。 v. ~ sb. off: (esp. BrE) (usu. passive) allow or force sb. to retire after paying them a pension He was pensioned off and his job was given to a younger man. 他领了一笔养老金后就退休了，他的职位由一位年轻人来顶替。 Workers in the company are being pensioned off at 50.该公司职员50岁时领养老金退 休。 6.… the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars. (Para.1) rent: n. a fixed amount of money sb. pays regularly for the use of a room, house, car, television, etc. that is owned by sb. else We let the spare room at a monthly rent of $100. 我们把空房间以每月100美元的价格出租。 I pay a higher rent / more rent than the other tenants because my room is bigger. 因为我的房间比较大，我付的租金比其他房客高。 The landlord has put the rent up again. 房东又将租金抬高了。 v.1) pay or receive a fixed amount of money for the use of a room, car, television, etc. She agreed to rent me her room. 她同意把她的房间租给我。 In the long run, it is more expensive to rent a television than to buy one. 从长远来说，租一台电视机比买一台要贵。 I rented a car from a garage and drove all around the city. 我从车行租了辆车，满城兜风。 The old lady rented us her spare room for $50 a week. 老妇人把空房间以每周50美元的价格出租给我们。 2) (esp. AmE) pay money to sb. so that you can use sth. for a short period of time Shall we rent a movie this evening? 今晚我们去租张电影光盘看好吗, 3) (AmE) be available for sb. to use if they pay a particular amount of money The apartment rents for $500 a month. 这套公寓每月租金500美元。 7.I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. (Para. 2) Meaning: I have chosen to live a completely honest life. So I don't lie to get some extra welfare money, but I go out and try hard to get some business and draw cartoons. opt to do sth.: choose to do sth.; decide to do sth. in preference to anything else Our students can also opt to stay in residence. 我们的学生也能选择住在家里。 When he left school, he opted to go to college and study for a degree, rather than getting a job straight away. 毕业后他选择上大学读学位，而不是直接工作。 Anyone who opted to work full-time was busy six days a week, thirteen hours a day. 选择做全日工的人一周忙6天，一天忙13个小时。 Opt for make a choice Against his father's advice, Peter opted for business. 彼得违背父亲的, 选择了经 商。 drum up: encourage the development of (sth.) ; try hard to get support, customers, business, etc. The department store is offering reduction on many types of merchandise, in an effort to drum up business. 这家百货商店为努力招徕生意而将许多商品减价出售。 I don't think that politician can drum up much support with all his speeches. 我认为那个政客再怎么发表演讲也不会得到多少人的支持。 They were unable to drum up support/enthusiasm for the new policies. 他们未能激起人们对新政策的热情。 8.Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table. (Para. 2) Meaning: I feel a desire to make money secretly /to be paid without being known to others. under the table: in a secret way Some athletes sometimes cheated, sometimes lied, or took money under the table. 有些运动员有时作弊，有时说谎，有时私下拿钱。 They were charged with taking money under the table. 他们被指控私下拿钱。 Their distributors are here selling their films at the festival market but they're doing it under the table. 他们的发行人在节日市场销售他们的电影，可是他们私底下也在销售。 Note: This expression is used mainly in American English; the usual British expression is "under the counter". 9.But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. (Para.2) Meaning: But even if I couldn't resist / gave in to that temptation and wanted to be paid without being known to caseworkers, big magazines I am working for won't agree to get themselves into trouble by telling lies for my sake. yield to: 1) stop resisting (sth.) I yielded to an impulse. 我听凭一时的冲动行事了。 The government refused to yield to the hostage takers' demand. 政府拒绝答应人质挟持者的要求。 2) (formal) be replaced by sth. Old-fashioned methods yielded to new technology. 老式的已被新技术所取代。 Radio has long been under pressure to yield to television. 收音机长期处于被电视机取代的压力之中。 sticky: a. 1) (informal) difficult or unpleasant We've got a sticky problem to deal with. 我们有个棘手的问题要处理。 There were a few sticky moments during the meeting. 会议有几次陷入了僵局。 Their relationship is going through a sticky patch and they've decided to have counseling. 他们的关系正处于困难时期，因此他们决定咨询一下。 2) made of or covered in a substance that sticks to things that touch it Her hands were sticky from the ice cream. 她的手因沾上了冰淇淋而粘乎乎的。 Don't touch the wet paint — it's sticky. 别碰这湿漆——会粘手的。 His hands were sticky with jam. 他的手上沾了果酱，粘糊糊的。 3) (informal) (of the weather) hot and damp a sticky, humid afternoon 一个又热又潮的下午 It's very sticky in New York in August. 纽约8月份十分闷热。 10.Very high-profile. (Para.2) Meaning: The big magazines appear to be open and above-board as they honestly report to the welfare caseworkers the amount of money I make. Please note the sarcastic tone of the writer. When we refer to somebody as a high-profile person or something as a high-profile event, we mean they attract a lot of attention or publicity. profile: n. 1) [C] the state of being noticed by other people around ,the general impression that sb. or sth. gives to the public and the amount of attention they receive The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue. 政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。 There are a growing number of women in high-profile positions. 在政府引人注目的职位上，妇女的数量日益增加。 The deal will certainly raise the company's international profile. 这笔生意一定会提高该公司的国际形象。 2) a side view, esp. of sb.'s head The actor is photographed in profile, smoking a cigarette. 这个演员从侧面拍了一张抽烟的照片。 3) a description of sb. / sth. that gives useful information We first build up a detailed profile of our customers and their requirements. 我们首先建立起关于顾客及其要求的详细档案。 11.As a welfare client I'm expected to bow before the caseworker. (Para. 3) Meaning: As a welfare client, people believe I should behave in a way which makes me less important and weaker in front of the caseworker. 12.Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. (Para.3) Meaning: In their true feelings, caseworkers know that their clients are fooling them for extra money, and, in return, they feel they have the right to get these welfare beneficiaries to behave humbly. deep down: in sb.'s true feeling; in fact rather than by appearance Deep down, she supported her husband's involvement in the organization. 她心底里是支持自己的丈夫加入这个组织的。 He knew, deep down, that he would have to admit his guilt. 他心里明白他将不得不认 罪。 Deep down they're still frustrated youngsters. 本质上他们仍然是一些受挫的青少年。 make a fool of sb.: trick sb. into behaving foolishly He'd been made a fool of. 他被人骗了。 Your brother is making a fool of you. 你兄弟在愚弄你。 He'd been made a fool of. 他被人耍了 Compare: make a fool of oneself: behave in a way that makes other people think that one is silly or lacking in good judgment He was drinking and making a fool of himself. 他喝酒时，出尽了洋相。 entitle vt. 1. (usu. passive) give (sb.) the right to do or have sth. Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment. 失业使你有权享有免费医疗。 The employer is entitled to ask for references. 雇主有权索阅推荐函。 2. (usu. passive) give a title to (a book, film, etc.) She read a poem entitled "The Apple Tree". 她读了一首名为《苹果树》的诗歌。 be entitled to: have the right to have or do sth. You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁时，可以享受养老 金。 Everyone's entitled to his or her own opinion. 每个人都有权发表自己的意见。 Compare: This ticket does not entitle you to travel first class. 这张票不能使你享有坐头等舱的资 格。 compensation: n.1).[U] the action of providing sth. good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage, loss, injury, etc. Compensation of injured workers has cost the company a lot. 对受伤工人的补偿花费了公司不少钱。 2).a thing, esp. an amount of money, given to compensate for sth. The airline received hundreds of compensation claims following the loss of the luggage. 在行李丢失后，航空公司收到了几百项索赔要求。 She received $50,000 in compensation for a lost eye. 她得到了5万美金作为失去一只眼睛的补偿费。 3). (usu. pl.) things that make a bad situation better I wish I were young again, but getting older has its compensations. 我希望我能重新变得年轻，但岁月自有它的补偿。 13. I'm not being bitter. (Para. 3) Meaning: I am not feeling angry deliberately / on purpose. The structure “be being + adjective / noun” is used to talk about action and behaviour. You're being stupid. (= You're doing stupid things.) I was being very careful. (= I was doing something very carefully.) Who's being a silly baby, then? We do not use this structure to talk about feelings. For example: I'm happy just now. (Not I'm being happy just now.) I was very depressed when you phoned. (Not I was being depressed…) 14.…begin as college-educated liberals…(Para.3) liberal: n. a person who understands and respects other people's opinions and behavior, esp. when they are different from their own He liked to think of himself as a liberal. 他喜欢把自己想像成开明人士。 a liberal person 开明人士 a man of liberal views 思想观点开明的人 a. 1) willing to tolerate behaviour, opinions, etc. different from one's own; open to new ideas Her parents are very liberal and allow her a lot of freedom. 她的父母思想开明，让她拥有许多自由。 2) generous; given in large amounts She is very liberal with her money. 她花钱很大方。 3) concerned with increasing sb.'s general knowledge and experience rather than particular skills liberal arts/ a liberal education 大学文科/普通教育 15.....in a system that practically requires people to lie…(Para.3) practically: ad. 1).(esp. spoken) almost; very nearly There's a gun in practically every American home. 几乎每个美国家庭都有枪。 With that crack in it, the vase is worth practically nothing. 因为有那道裂纹，这花瓶实际上不值多少钱。 2) in a realistic or sensible way; in real situations Practically speaking, we can't afford it. 说实在的，我们负担不起。 It sounds like a good idea, but I don't think it will work practically. 这主意听上去不错，但未必可行。 Let's talk practically about the matter. 咱们从实际出发来谈谈这个问题吧。 16.… a detective in shorts. (Para. 3) detective: n. a police officer whose job is to discover information about crimes and find out who is responsible for them Detectives have finally tracked down the killer. 侦探们最终追捕到了杀手。 I enjoy reading detective stories. 我爱读侦探小说。 She says she's some sort of detective. 她说她有点像侦探。 17.…saw some new posters pasted on the wall. (Para.4) paste: v. stick sth. to sth. else, using glue or paste He pasted the pictures into his scrapbook. 他将照片贴到剪贴本里。 The walls were pasted with pictures of movie stars. 墙壁上贴满了电影明星的照片。 n. a mixture of flour and water used to stick paper to a wall wallpaper paste 墙纸浆糊 You can stick paper with paste made of flour and water. 你可以用面粉和水调制成浆糊把纸粘起来。 18.You have to report any donations or gifts. (Para.6) donation: n. [C, U] sth. that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving sth. in this way Charities prefer regular donations from the public. 慈善机构更愿意从公众那里得到稳定的捐赠。 Is the donation of food to the hungry more helpful than giving money? 向饥饿的人捐赠食品比捐钱更有帮助吗, They received a large donation to the school. 他们收到了给这所学校的大笔捐款。 She gave / made a donation of $200 to the Children's Hospital. 她捐赠200美元给儿 童医院。 donate: v. 1) give money, food, clothes, etc. to sb. or some organization, esp. a charity He donated thousands of pounds to charities. 他向慈善机构捐了几千英镑。 2) allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help sb. who needs it All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections. 所有献的血都要经过检验，看是否带有HIV或其他传染病。 19.This was my cue to beg. (Para.7) Meaning: This remark was a signal made by Suzanne for me to ask for forgiveness. 20.…I talked back. (Para.7) talk back: answer sb. rudely, esp. sb. in authority We were all scared of Mr. Williams, but here was a girl who actually talked him back. 我们都怕威廉老师，但有一个女孩却和他顶嘴。 Children who talk back are regarded as cheeky and disrespectful. 顶嘴的孩子被认为是又厚脸皮又不懂礼貌。 In his youth he lost several jobs, just because he dared to talk back. 他年青时，只不过因为敢顶嘴，就失业了好几次。 He knew better than to talk back to his father. 他知道最好还是不要和他父亲顶嘴 21.Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs…(Para.9) lecture: v. criticize sb. or tell them how one thinks they should behave, esp. when it is done in an annoying way Don't start lecturing me! 别开始教训我～ He's always lecturing me about the way I dress. 他老说我穿着不得体。 n. a long angry talk that sb. gives to one person or a group of people when they have done sth. wrong I know I should stop smoking — don't give me a lecture about it. 我知道我应该戒烟——别跟我长篇大论。 22.… I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. (Para.9) Meaning: I've heard that you use your wheelchair more often than the average clients do. No wonder that's why your wheelchair is always breaking down. I'm an active worker, not a vegetable. (Para.10) vegetable: n. 1) (figurative) a person who is physically alive but not capable of much mental or physical activity, for example because of an accident or illness (This usage can be offensive.) Severe brain damage turned him into a vegetable. 严重的大脑损伤使他变成了植物 人。 2) a person who has a boring life Since losing my job I've felt like a vegetable.丢了工作后，我觉得人都变呆了。 23.…so I can get around in a wheelchair. (Para.10) get around: (BrE also get about) move from place to place or from person to person Bad news gets around quickly. 坏消息传播得很快。 It is difficult for her to get around without a cane. 她不用拐杖就寸步难行。 24.…and had to crawl to work. (Para.10) crawl: v. 1) move on hands and knees or with the front of the body on the ground A man was crawling away from the burning wreckage. 一个男人从燃烧着的废墟中爬了出来。 There's a spider crawling up your leg. 有个蜘蛛爬到你腿上了。 2) move forward very slowly The traffic was crawling along at ten kilometers per hour. 车辆正以每小时10公里的速度缓慢地向前移动着。 25.…who would certify that there was a problem.(Para.12) certify: v. state officially, esp. in writing, that sth. is true The doctor certified me unfit to go to work for the next month. 医生给我开具证明，说我身体欠佳，下个月不宜上班。 Here is a document certifying that I was born in France. 这是证明我出生在法国的文件。 I hereby certify that the above information is true and accurate. 兹证明上述情况属实且准确无误。 26.Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office … (Para.12) alert: v. warn sb. about a dangerous or urgent situation Neighbors quickly alerted the emergency services. 邻居们很快向急救中心发出了警报。 They had been alerted to the possibility of further price rises. 有人已经提醒他们注意物价可能会再涨。 An anonymous letter alerted police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport. 一封匿名信使警方对恐怖分子袭击机场的可能性有了警觉。 a. 1) able to think quickly; quick to notice things Try to stay alert while driving at night. 晚上驾车时，务必保持头脑清醒。 You must be alert to possible dangers. 你必须警惕潜在的危险。 2) aware of sth., esp. a problem or danger We must be alert to the possibility of danger. 我们要对潜在的危险保持警惕。 27....in search of unreported appliances, … (Para.13) in search of: looking for Many of the refugees are travelling to the north of the region in search of food and shelter. 许多难民正奔向该地区北部，寻找食物和庇护所。 I had come to this country in search of adventure and I had certainly found it. 我来到这个国家探险，已经达到了目的。 28.…but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny. (Para.13) Meaning: … but I had to fill out a lot of forms at the end of each visit, explaining how I spent the money I had got from the welfare system. fill out: (also fill in) complete (a form, etc.) by writing information Some people find it hard to fill out a form. 有些人觉得填表不容易。 The policeman filled out a parking ticket. 警察填好一张违章停车罚款单。 To order, fill out the coupon on page 54. 想要订购此商品，请填好第54页上的优惠券。 29.There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. (Para. 14) Meaning: No arrangement is included in the law for welfare clients to be gradually independent of the welfare system. 30.It's impossible to jump off welfare… (Para. 14) Meaning: It is not possible to shift away from welfare and depend on oneself all of a sudden. 31.There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by 32.the welfare givers as well as by the clients. (Para.15) Meaning: Welfare clients need a lawyer who can enthusiastically support, defend and fight for their rights, as the system can be so easily abused by both parties — the welfare givers and the clients. Notice the word “there” is followed by the verb “needs”. Some other verbs can also be used in this way. For example: There seems to be some problems. Could you be quiet? There happens to be a lecture going on. There tends to be jealousy when a new little brother or sister comes along. In a small town in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker. There remains nothing more to be done. Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. There followed an uncomfortable silence. With some verbs (e.g. say, think, feel, report, understand, presume), the passive structure is possible with “there”. There are thought to be more than 3, 000 different languages in the world. There was said to be disagreement between the Prime Minister and the Home Secretary. 33.…who can act as a champion for the rights of… (Para.15) champion: n. 1) a person who fights for, or speaks in support of a group of people or a belief a champion for justice 正义的维护者 a champion of human rights 人权拥护者 She was a champion of the poor all her life. 她一生都充当穷人的代言人。 2) a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, esp. in a sport the world basketball champions 世界篮球冠军 a champion jockey / boxer / swimmer马术/拳击/游泳冠军 v. fight for or speak in support of a group of people or a belief He has always championed the cause of gay rights. 他一直在支持争取同性恋权利的事业。 34.… so easily lends itself to abuse … (Para.15) lend oneself to: be easily used for a particular activity or result This hot weather lends itself to sleeping. 这种热天很容易让人昏昏欲睡 It is a system that would lend itself to district general hospitals of any sizes. 这是一种适合任何规模较大的地区性综合医院的体系。 Her voice doesn't really lend itself well to blues singing. 她的嗓音不太适合唱蓝调歌 曲。 Some problems do not lend themselves to financial solutions. 有些问题不适合用钱来解决。 Some novels quite readily lend themselves to adaptation as plays; others do not. 有些小说很适合改编成剧本，有些却不合适。 35.Would I sit on the governor's committee … (Para. 16) sit on: be an official member of a group of people that represent or control an organization She sat on the company's board for five years. 她在公司的董事会当了5年董事。 He sits on a number of committees. 他是好几个委员会的委员。 How many people sit on the commission? 这个委员会有多少委员, 36.… one step at a time? (Para.16) one / a step at a time: going slowly Let's take things a / one step at a time. 让我们一步一步地做这些事。 One step at a time, you'll finally go through the whole thing. 慢慢来，你会做完整件事 的。 37.Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. (Para.17) Meaning: One day in the future, disabled people like me living on welfare will do well and get successful if the old system is transformed into a new one that encourages its clients instead of seeking to prove them to be cheating. thrive: v. become and continue to be successful, strong, healthy, etc. Insects thrive well in a warm climate. 昆虫在温暖的气候中容易繁殖。 Flowers will not thrive without sunshine. 花没有阳光不会茂盛。 New businesses thrive in this area. 这地方新开张的生意都很兴隆。 Three managers have left because of the pressure of work but Simpson seems to thrive on stress. 由于工作的压力，已有三位经理离职了，但辛普森却在压力面前越做 越好。 a thriving industry / city 一个欣欣向荣的企业/城市 convict: v.(of) decide and state officially in a court of law that sb. is guilty of a crime There wasn't enough evidence to convict him. 没有足够证据证明他有罪。 He was convicted of murder. 被判犯有谋杀罪。 He has twice been convicted of robbery / theft.他两次被判犯有抢劫罪/盗窃罪。 There wasn't enough evidence to convict her. 没有足够的证据来定她的罪。 n. a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison an escaped convict 一名逃犯 Compare: accuse, charge If you accuse somebody of doing something wrong, you say that they did it. For example, somebody can be accused of being dishonest, or of having a fault like laziness. If somebody has done something against the law, they can be accused of a crime and put on trial in a court of law. When the police charge somebody or charge him or her with committing a crime, they formally accuse them of it. The police charge a person with a crime when they have evidence that the person was responsible for it. You can also charge somebody with things like not doing their duty or lying. You do not use charge" when referring to minor faults. Section B A Blind Man Helped Me See the Beautiful World New Words & Expressions: dense a. 1). closely packed together 密集的，稠密的 A dense crowd waited for the arrival of the President. 密集的人群等待总统的到来。 The road is dense with traffic. 这条路上交通繁忙。 Books with dense print can be difficult to read. 印得密密麻麻的书阅读起来很困难。 2). thick 厚的，浓密的 The fog was so dense that we could not see anything. 雾很浓，我们什么都看不见。 There will be dense fog in the northern part of the country tomorrow. 我国北部地区明天将有浓雾。 lower v. 1). make or become less in amount, level, quality, etc. 降低，调低 Please lower your voice. 请小点声。 Interest rates have been lowered again. 利率再度调低。 2). let or bring sth. down 放下，降下 He lowered his newspaper and looked round. 他放下报纸，朝四周看了看。 They lowered the flag at sunset. 他们在日落时降了旗。 intensity n. [U] the state or quality of being intense 强烈，强度 work with greater intensity 更紧张地工作 The debates are renewed with great intensity. 辩论重新激烈地展开了。 The pain increased in intensity. 疼痛越来越剧烈。 Intense adj. 强烈的; 剧烈的; 紧张的 / 热心的; 热情的; 认真的; 易动感情的 intense life 紧张的生活 intense heat 酷热 intense pain 剧痛 an intense longing 渴望 intense study 认真的研究 an intense person 感情丰富的人 pat v. touch (sb. or sth.) gently and usu. with the flat hand 轻拍，轻打 He patted my head affectionately. 他慈爱地拍拍我的头。 I bent down to pat the little puppy. 我弯下腰拍拍这只小狗。 n. [C] a light, gentle blow or touch, usu. with the flat hand and showing affection 轻拍，拍打 I gave the little boy a pat on the head. 我拍拍这小男孩的头。 skim v. 1). move quickly and lightly over a surface, not touching it or only occasionally touching it 掠过，擦过 Birds skimmed (over) the waves looking for food. 鸟掠过波浪寻找食物。 2). read or consider sth. quickly, noting only the main points 浏览，初步考虑 I've only skimmed (through / over) his letter. 我只略读了一下他的来信。 His eyes skimmed the front page. 他把头版浏览了一下。 We've only skimmed the surface of the problem. 这个问题我们只触及了表面。 3). remove cream, solid matter, etc. from the surface of a liquid. (从液体面上)撇去浮物 skim the cream off the milk 撇去牛奶上的奶油 Strain the cooking liquid and skim off the fat. 将煮好的液体过滤，撇去油脂。 veil n. 1. [C] a piece of thin material worn to protect or hide the face or head 面纱，面罩 Some women wear veils for religious reasons, to prevent strangers from seeing their faces. 由于宗教原因有些妇女戴面纱，不让陌生人看见她们的脸。 2). (sing.) sth. that covers or hides sth. else 遮盖物，掩饰物 A veil of mist covered the woods. 薄雾笼罩着树林。 v. cover with a veil or as if with a veil 遮盖，掩盖 Dense fog veiled the mountain village. 浓雾笼罩着这个山村。 bear witness to :prove (sth.) by showing it clearly 对……做出证明，表明 His neat rooms bear witness to a well-ordered mind. 他那整洁的房间说明了他是一个很有条理的人。 The latest rises in sales bear witness to the universal appeal of our recent advertising campaign. 最近销售量的上升证明了我们近来广告活动有普遍的吸引力。 load with :have plenty of 满载着 The driver loaded his car with its cargo and left.司机将卡车装满货物后，开走了。 The boss loaded her up with extra work. 老板总让她加班，使她超负荷工作。 out of tune :not at the correct musical pitch 走调 That tall boy seemed to be out of tune. 那位高个男孩好像走调了。 The piano is out of tune. 这架钢琴走音了。 skim the surface :look at or think about only the easy or obvious part of sth.触及表面 We've only skimmed the surface of the problem. 我们只是触及了问题的表面。 This report has barely skimmed the surface of the subject. 这份报告只是肤浅地涉及了主题。 Language Points I would leave the next day to accompany an important Chinese businessman… (Para. 1) accompany: v. 1) walk or travel with sb. as a companion or helper Some friends and neighbours had come to accompany her home. 几个朋友和邻居来 陪她回家。 I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。 2) (,sth. by/ with sth. else) be present or occur with sth.; provide sth. in addition to sth. else A strong wind was blowing across the platform, accompanied by a cold rain. 强风夹 着冷雨，横扫过月台。 He had fever accompanied with cough. 他发烧而且咳嗽。 Each application should be accompanied by a stamped envelope. 每份申请书均须附 回邮信封、贴上邮票。 3)(, sth. [at/ on sth.]) play an accompaniment for sb. Occasionally, two other musicians would accompany her, playing violin and flute. 偶 尔，另外两位音乐家会用小提琴和长笛为她伴奏。 Silently angry, I stared at my desk. (Para. 1) Meaning: I felt angry but I didn't say anything about it. I only stared at my desk. The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, … (Para.1) Meaning: The piles of paper show that there is a great amount of work for me to do. The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work… (Para.1) stack: n. 1) [C] a pile of sth., usu. neatly arranged There is a stack of hay in front of the stable. 马厩前有一个干草堆。 There is a stack of dishes in the cupboard. 橱柜中有一摞盘子。 2) [C] (informal, esp. BrE) a large number or amount of sth.; a lot of sth. There's a stack of unopened mail waiting for you at the house. 屋里有一堆未拆封的 信件等着你。 I have stacks of / a stack of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work… (Para.1) bear / give witness to: provide evidence of the truth of sth. The tests bear witness to the quality of the new car. 这些试验证明新车的质量很好。 The ruins of these temples, theatres and villas all bear witness to the past greatness of the Roman Empire. 这些庙宇、剧院和别墅的废墟都见证了罗马帝国过去的辉煌。 The enormous popularity of the film bears witness to the fact that people still like a simple adventure story. 这部电影受到了极大欢迎，这说明人们仍然喜欢情节简单的冒 险故事。 How will I ever catch up? (Para.1) catch up: 1)(on sth.) spend extra time doing sth. because you have not done it earlier I have to catch up on my work tonight, so I can't come out. 我今晚有许多工作赶着要 做，所以不能出来。 2)(with sb.) reach the same level or standard as sb. who is better or more advanced He spent six months catching up with the rest of the class. 他用半年的时间赶上班上 的其他同学。 …we spent the day visiting attractions… (Para.2) attraction: n. 1) [C] an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction. 白金汉宫是一个主要的旅游胜地。 Attractions at the fair include a mini-circus, clowns, dancers and a jazz band. 集市上 引人 注目的有一个小型马戏团、一些小丑、舞蹈演员和一个爵士乐队。 2) [U] (sing.) a feeling of liking sb., esp. sexually She felt an immediate attraction for him. 她一下子就被他吸引住了。 3) [C, U] a feature or quality that makes sth. seem interesting and enjoyable, and worth having or doing I can't see the attraction of sitting on a beach all day. 我不觉得整天坐在海滩上有什么 吸引人之处。 …most of them loaded with cameras and small gifts. (Para.2) Please compare it with "…most of whom were loaded with cameras and small gifts." If it is turned into a relative clause, "whom" is used instead of "them". In the original sentence, "loaded with cameras and small gifts" is a participle clause with its own subject "most of them". load with: (usu. passive) give sb. or sth. a lot of heavy things to carry The farmer's cart was loaded with fresh vegetables. 这位农夫的马车上装满了新鲜蔬 菜。 She is loaded with money. 她很有钱。 This play is loaded with action, but lacks interesting character development. 这部戏 动作很多，但人物性格的发展很乏味。 … this dense collection … (Para.2) dense: a. 1)containing a lot of people, things, plants, etc., with little space between them areas of dense population 人口密集的地区 The eastern part of our country has a dense population. 我国东部人口稠密。 The road is dense with traffic. 这条路上交通繁忙。 2) difficult to see through dense fog / smoke 浓雾/烟 The local airport has been closed because of dense fog. 由于浓雾当地机场已经关闭。 …climbed into a chartered van to go to dinner … (Para.3) chartered: a. 1) (of an aircraft, a ship or a boat) hired for a particular purpose a chartered plane 一架包机 A small chartered plane crashed into a hillside in Northern England yesterday, killing six people.一架小型包机昨天在英格兰北部一山坡上坠毁，有六人死亡。 They spent their annual holiday on a chartered yacht in the Caribbean. 他们的年假是 在加勒比海上一艘租来的游艇上度过的。 2)(BrE) qualified according to the rules of a professional organization that has a royal charter He is a chartered surveyor / engineer / accountant. 他是一名特许的调查员/师/会计师。 …he held his head motionless at an odd angle, … (Para.3) angle: n. 1) [C] the direction that sth. is leaning or pointing in when it is not in a vertical or horizontal line The tower of Pisa leans at an angle. 比萨斜塔倾斜成一个角度。 His hair was sticking up at all angles. 他的头发根根竖起，乱七八糟。 2) [C] a particular way of presenting or thinking about a situation, problem, etc. The article concentrates on the human angle of the story. 这篇文章从人性的角度讨论 了这个故事。 Then the truth struck me. (Para.3) strike: (of a thought or an idea) come into sb.'s mind suddenly; cause (sb.) to have a feeling or idea about sth. She was suddenly struck by the thought that she'd left the book on the train. 她突然 想起来她把书忘在火车上了。 It's just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets. 我突然想起还欠你音乐会 的门票钱。 So how does my proposition strike you? 那么你觉得我的建议怎么样, I was immediately struck by the similarities between the two murders.我立刻感觉到这 两起谋杀的相似之处。 From what you've said, it strikes me that you'd be better off working for someone else. 根据你所说的，我觉得你若换个老板处境会好些。 My hand held his elbow to steer him, … (Para.6) steer: v. 1) take sb. or sth. or cause them to go in a particular direction He took her arm and steered her towards the door. 他挽着她的手臂，将她引向门口。 2) control the direction in which a boat, car, etc. moves He steered the boat into the harbour. 他将船驶入了港口。 3) (of a boat, car, etc.) move in a particular direction A ship steered clear of a rocky shore in stormy weather. 船在暴风雨中绕开了多岩石 的海岸。 4) take control of a situation and influence the way in which it develops He managed to steer the conversation away from his divorce. 他设法把话题从他的离 婚事件中引开了。 …with no sign of hesitation or stoop, … (Para.6) stoop: n. 1)(sing.) if sb. has a stoop, their shoulders are always bent forward The old man walked with a stoop. 这个老人驼着背走路。 Many people develop a stoop as they grow older. 很多人年老时，背就驼了。 2)[C] (AmE) a raised area outside the door of a house with steps leading up to it We sat talking on the stoop until midnight. 我们坐在门廊上一直谈到半夜。 v. 1)(down) bend your body forwards and downwards She stooped down to pick up the child. 她弯下腰把孩子抱了起来。 2) stand or walk with your head and shoulders bent forwards He tends to stoop because he's so tall. 他太高了，所以总是弓着腰。 The music seems out of tune to our Western ears, … (Para.7) (be / seem) out of tune: (be / seem) not singing or playing the correct musical notes that sound pleasant (opposite: in tune) Someone in the choir is singing out of tune. 合唱团里有人唱跑调了。 None of them could sing in tune. 他们每个人唱歌都走调。 They're seated cross-legged on a rug, … (Para.8) rug: n. [C] a piece of thick material like a small carpet that is used for covering or decorating part of a floor a hearth rug (= a rug in front of a fireplace) 火炉前的小地毯 an oriental / a sheepskin rug 一块有东方风格的地毯/羊皮地毯 …that has been dyed bright red. (Para.8) dye: v. change the colour of sth., esp. by using a special liquid or substance dye wool / fabric / clothes 给羊毛/织物/衣服染色 She dyed her hair blonde. 她把头发染成金黄色。 n. [C, U] a substance that is used to change the colour of things such as cloth or hair Black / hair / chemical dye 黑色/头发/化学染料 …the blind man leaned his head eagerly toward me. (Para.11) lean toward: (cause to) slope in a direction He leaned toward me and told me his secret. 他把身子凑近我，告诉了我他的秘密。 Compare: I rather lean towards your view. 我倒比较倾向于你的意见。 Recent events lean me more towards favouring longer years of imprisonment. 近来 的一些事件使我更倾向于长期监禁的做法。 …moved in rhythm with the dance. (Para.14) in rhythm (with): moving in time (to the regular beat of sound or movement) He can't seem to play in rhythm. 他的表演好像不合拍子。 The boat rocked up and down in rhythm with the sea. 船随着海浪上下颠簸。 The nails highlight each elegant movement… (Para.14) highlight: v. 1) emphasize sth., esp. so that people give it more attention The report highlights the major problems facing society today. 报告强调了当今社会所 面临的主要问题。 2) mark part of a text with a special colored pen, or mark an area on a computer screen, to emphasize it or make it easier to see The students highlight important parts of their textbooks. 学生们把他们课本上的重要 部分标了出来。 n. [C] the best, most interesting or most exciting part of sth. One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal. 游览泰姬陵是这次旅行最 精彩的部分之一。 My dance class is the highlight of my week. 上舞蹈课是我一周里最喜欢做的事。 … and I excused myself… (Para.16) excuse oneself / sb.: say in a polite way that one is leaving / allows sb. to leave Now if you'll excuse me, I'm a very busy man. 对不起，失陪了，我很忙。 I excused myself from the dinner table to make a phone call. 我礼貌地离开餐桌去打 电话。 … the brass fingernails… (Para.17) brass: n. 1) [U] a bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc; objects made of brass A worker polished the brass in the restaurant. 一名工人把餐厅里的黄铜器皿擦亮。 2) the musical instruments made of metal, such as trumpets or French horns, that form a band or section of an orchestra; the people who play them He plays in the brass section of a jazz band. 他在一个爵士乐队的铜管乐器组演奏。 … in the overhead light. (Para.17) overhead: a. 1) above your head; raised above the ground I put my luggage in the overhead bin on the airplane. 在飞机上我把行李放在头顶上 方的行李架上。 2) (only before noun) connected with the general costs of running a business or an organization, for example paying for rent or electricity overhead costs 管理费用 ad. above your head; in the sky Birds flew overhead on their way south. 鸟儿从天空飞过，飞向南方。 n. (pl. BrE. [U] AmE.) regular costs to keep a business running When we moved our offices out of the city, our overhead(s) was cut in half. 把办事处 从这座城市搬出之后，我们的管理费用一下子减少了一半。 …the smooth, curving sharpness of the metal tips… (Para.17) Meaning: "the smooth, curving sharpness of the metal tips" is equal to " the smooth, curving and sharp metal tips". curve: v. (usu. + ad. / prep.) move or make sth. move in the shape of a curve; be in the shape of a curve The highway curves to the left about a mile from here. 公路在距此一英里处向左拐 弯。 n. [C] a line or surface that bends gradually; a smooth bend The driver lost control on a curve and the vehicle hit a tree. 司机在拐弯处失去控制， 车子撞在了一棵树上。 A lump formed… (Para.17) lump: n. 1) [C] a piece of sth. hard or solid, usu. without a particular shape One lump or two in your coffee? 你的咖啡里要放一两块糖吗, a lump in one's / the throat: feel pressure in the throat as a result of strong emotion caused by love, sadness, etc. I seized her bony hand with a lump in my throat. 我握住她骨瘦如柴的手，伤心得哽 咽欲泣。 2) [C] a swelling under the skin, sometimes a sign of serious illness I have a lump on my head where I hit it against the door. 我撞在门上，头上肿起了一 块。 … the blind man patted my shoulder, … (Para.18) pat: v. touch sth. / sb. gently several times with the flat hand, esp. as a sign of affection She patted the laundry after she folded it. 她把洗过的衣服叠好后，轻轻拍了拍。 The boy patted his dog on the head. 那个男孩轻轻拍抚爱犬的头。 n. [C] a gentle friendly touch with one's open hand or with a flat object He gave her knee an affectionate pat. 他充满深情地拍了拍她的膝盖。 … merely skimming the surface… (Para.19) skim the surface: look at or think about only the easy or obvious part of sth. We've only skimmed the surface of the problem. 我们只是触及了问题的表面。 This report has barely skimmed the surface of the subject. 这份报告只是肤浅地涉及 了主题。 The problem of poverty is very difficult; we have just skimmed the surface in trying to solve it. 贫困问题非常棘手，我们对这个问题的解决还只是浅层次上的。 skim: v. 1) move quickly and lightly over a surface, not touching it or only touching it occasionally; make sth. do this We watched the birds skimming over the lake. 我们看着鸟儿从湖面上掠过。 2) read sth. quickly in order to find a particular point or the main points He skimmed through the article trying to find his name. 他把文章浏览了一遍，想找出 自己的名字。 3) remove fat, cream, etc. from the surface of a liquid The cook skimmed the fat off the chicken soup with a spoon. 厨师用勺撇去了鸡汤上 浮着的肥油。 He had helped me lift the veil that grows so quickly over our eyes in this busy world, to see a whole new realm I'd failed to appreciate before. (Para.19) Meaning: It was the blind Belgian who helped me realize how this busy world had blinded me to a lot of beautiful things. veil: n. 1) (sing., written) a thin layer that stops one from seeing sth. The mountaintops were hidden beneath a veil of mist. 山峰被一层薄雾笼罩着。 2) [C] a covering of very thin material worn, esp. by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a hat, etc. Most Moslem women wear veils in public places. 多数穆斯林妇女在公共场所都戴着 面纱。 3) (sing., written) sth. that stops one from learning the truth about a situation It would be better to draw a veil over what happened now. 最好把现在发生的事情隐瞒起 来。 realm: n. 1) [C] an area of activity, interest, or knowledge In the realm of literature / science 在文学/科学领域 At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy. 当他的 演讲接近尾声时，他似乎进入了幻想世界里。 In the realm of physics, Albert Einstein was a genius. 爱因斯坦在物理学领域内是个 天才。 2) [C] (formal) a country ruled by a king or queen the defense of the realm 保卫这个王国 The queen rules her realm. 女王统治着她的王国。 I knew you could do the magic. (Para.20) magic: n. 1)[U] a special quality or ability that sb. or sth. has, that seems too wonderful to be real He's returning to the team this season, hoping that the old magic can be made to work once more. 他打算这个赛季重新归队，希望能再现昔日的魔力。 2)[U] the art of doing tricks that seem impossible in order to entertain people That magician uses magic to pull rabbits out of a hat. 那位魔术师从帽子里面变出了 几只兔子。 a. 1) having or using special powers to make impossible things happen or seem to happen There is no magic formula for passing exams — only hard work. 没有什么神奇的方法 可以帮助你通过考试，只有努力学习。 2) (informal) having a special quality that makes sth. seem wonderful It was a magic moment when the two sisters were reunited after 30 years. 这真是一 个奇迹般的时刻，失散30年的两姐妹重逢了。