北京奥运会

The Beij ing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering Chapter 3 69Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering Section I Glory and Dream At 10:08 P.M. on July 13th, 2001, Mr. Samaranch, the former President of the International Olympic Committee, announced in Moscow that the sponsoring city of the 29th Olympiad will be Beijing. At the moment in China excitement rippled through the Olympic conference room in Beijing, into the city, and throughout the entire nation. Modern China, a product of 5,000 years of civilization and history, with her spirit of hard work and perseverance, finally shook hands with the Olympic Games on this day, fulfilling the great dream of the Chinese people. I. Olympic Dream of the Ancient Oriental Country The development of friendship between China an he Olympics has been rocky. At the beginning of the 20th Century, Chinese people began dreaming of their participation in the Olympic Games. First they learned of xistence of the Olympics, then they worked hard to know more about them, and finally they are fully participating in the Games. It has been a long road for China, but the day is coming soon when this dream will be fully realized. 1. Start of the Dream—First Contact with Olym- pics It is said that in 1894 the Court of Qing Dynasty received invitations from the royal family of Greece and from Pierre Coubertin (the founding father of modern Olym- pic Movement) who represented the International Olympic Committee (IOC). However, the Qing Court at that time had no real understanding of the significance of the Games, so they did not reply. In 1911, the Far East Amateur Sports Association was Old Dream Realized-Beijing Hosting OlympicGames 70 Manual for Beijing Olympic Volunteers co-sponsored and established by the Philippines, China and Japan. It was a regional sports organization which had earlier contact with the IOC. Every other year the Far East Olympic Games rotated their location for this Asian sports competition. While taking part in the Far East Olympic Games, China established her first contact with the IOC. In 1922, WANG Zhengting, became the first Chinese member of the Olympic Committee.He was an influential sports leader in China and the founding father of the Far East Sports Association when he became a member of IOC. Two years later, the China National Sports Cooperation and Promotion Associa- tion was established, thereby becoming the first Chinese national sports organization. Then in 1931 the China National Sports Cooperation and Promotion Association was officially admitted by the IOC and became a member of the international Olympic family. In the following year, Liu Changchun, a college student from Northeastern China, represented China and attended the 10th Olympic Games held in Los Angeles. Liu Changchun competed in the 100m and the 200m dash, failing however in the preliminary rounds because of jet lag and a failure to properly prepare for such competition. In 1936, China dispatched her first delegation of 140 members to attend the 11th Olympic Games in Germany. Sixty-nine members competed in seven sports: basketball, football, swimming, track and field, weightlifting, boxing and cycling. A martial artsteam of 11 members and a team of 34 sports observers also attended the Games. Fu Baolu, a Chinese vaulting champion, won in the preliminary rounds. Yang Chuanguang, a Chinese athlete from Taipei won the silver medal in the decathlon at the 1960 Rome Olympic Games, becoming the first Chinese athlete to bring home an Olympic medal. In the 1968 Olympic Games held in New Mexico, Ji Zheng, a female athlete from Taipei won China’s next Olympic medal. 2. Dreams Keep Rising— The Olympic Road of New China In 1952, The People’s Republic of China sent out the first delegation to the 15th The First Olympic Athlete of China-LIU Changchun 71Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering Olympiad in Helsinki. Is the PROC eligible to participate in the Olympic Games? Serious controversies broke out in international commentary and among the officials in the IOC. PROC was not a full member of the international Olympic family yet. Then, finally on the eve of the Games, IOC sent out its invitations. Should China go or not? Premier Zhou Enlai decisively gave the instruction: “Go!” He also met with the delegation before they departed. Premier Zhou said it would be a national victory if we raised China’s flag in the arena of the Olympic Games. This delegation had 40 members and they were ready to compete in football, basketball and swimming. Unfortunately, the delegation arrived too late to join most of the events. Only Wu Chuanyu participated in the 100m backstroke. (1) Return to the Olympic family. Though China sent represen- tatives to the Helsinki Games, the “issue of two Chinas” (the People’ s Republic of China and Taiwan) was still an issue. The PRC gov- ernment was originally intended to take part in the 16th Olympiad in Melbourne. Some international powers, however, played the game of “two Chinas,” so the PROC seceded from the Melbourne Games. In 1979, the PROC National Olympic Committee submitted to the IOC a proposal to resume her legal seat. In November of the same year, the IOC issued the Nagoya Decision resuming the seat of the PROC in the International Olympic Committee, with 62 votes, 17 blackballs and 2 waivers. The Nagoya decision clearly pointed out that the NOC of the People’s Republic of China, when taking part in Olympic Games, uses her national flag and the national anthem. However, Taiwan, as a regional organization of China, is allowed to have a seat in the IOC with the name “Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee”. This decision paved the way for the PROC to return to the Olympic family, and since then the NOC of the The“ssue of two Chinas”— PRC National Olympic Com- mittee had protested for many times, the IOC, however, provided no reply. To maintain the sovereignty of PRC, China NOC on August 19, 1958 severed the relationship with IOC and seceded from 15 international sports federations from June to August, 1958. DONG Shouyi, member of the IOC, resigned his position in the IOC. 72 Manual for Beijing Olympic Volunteers PROC has established a cooperative relationship. (2) Start from the beginning In February of 1980, the delegation of China which resumed her legal seat in the IOC attended the 13th Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid. In June 1984, China sent out her first delegation to the 7th Paralympic Games in New York. And in the same year, she sent out a large delegation to the 23rd Olympic Games in Los Angeles. In 1989, at the meeting of the 95th Executive Board of the IOC, He Zhenliang was elected Vice-President with full votes and became the first Chinese who won the vice-presidency of IOC. (3) The Breakthrough In 1984 at the Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Chinese athlete Xu Haifeng won the gold medal in the 50m pistol shooting (60 shots) and obtained the first gold medal for China, which truly can be called a breakthrough. In the 2002 Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Yang Yang won two gold medals in Short Track Speed Skating 1,000m and 500m and made another new breakthrough for China in the Winter Games. (4) The Glory Since her return to the Olympic family, China has attended 6 Olympic Summer Games and won 112 gold medals, 96 silver medals and 78 bronze medals; 8 Winter Games and won 4 gold medals, 16 silvers and 13 bronzes; 6 Paralympic Games and won 143 gold medals, 118 silvers and 85 bronze medals. China has suffered a long history of tragedy and challenge. From being isolated and displaced, to becoming a powerful nation that brings home Olympic gold, the dream has been realized by the Chinese people. Naturally, the next question was “When can we The Breakthrough -XU Haifeng 73Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering host the Olympic Games?” 3. Dream Comes True - Beijing & Olympics (1) Monte Carlo - Beijing missed it In February of 1991, Beijing formally submitted its application to host the 2000 Olympic Games. In March, the Committee of Applying for Hosting the 2000 Olympic Games was established. Then in December of the same year the Committee expedited its delegation to Lausanne, Switzerland, and presented the application to the President of IOC, according to international regulations. The competition for hosting the 2000 Olym- pics turned very intense because of the special number of year “2000”. The competing five cities of Beijing, Sydney, Berlin, Manchester and Istanbul each had their own advantages and ascendancies. The final vote was held in the wee hours of September 24th, 1993. Beijing finally lost her chance with 43 votes to Sydney (45 votes) in the last round, though she was leading in the first 2 rounds. (2) The Night in Moscow - The world se- lected Beijing In November of 1998, the City of Beijing, which has been silent for 5 years, submitted her second application to host the 2008 Olympics under the support of the Chinese Central Commit- tee of the Communist Party. During those 5 years, the political and economic situations in China greatly improved. With this gradually increasing national power, China became more confident. Formal presentation of the application report—On April 7th, 1999, Liu Qi, mayor of Beijing and Wu Shaozu, President of China’s NOC, submitted the formal applica- Dream Comes True -Hosting Olympic Games 74 Manual for Beijing Olympic Volunteers tion report to Sarmaranch, the President of the IOC in Lausanne. Overall initiation of the grand project—On September 6, 1999, approved by the Chinese Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council, China National Sports Administration, Beijing Municipal government and related agencies of the State Council formed a Committee to Apply for Hosting the 2008 Olympic Games (CAH), and this grand project was formally initiated. Six reasons Beijing applies to host the Olympics— On February 1, 2000, Liu Qi, the President of the CAH, stated six reasons Beijing was applying to host the Olympic Games: • To promote world peace; • To fulfill the desires of Chinese people with strong support from the government; • To speed up environment construction and promote development of economics; • To facilitate development of sports in China and improve popularity of Olympics; • To take the opportunity and present a new Beijing to the world. Identify the slogan— On February 1, 2000, the second conference of all members of CAH approved the logo of CAH and the slogan is: “New Beijing, Great Olympics”. Beijing is one of the candidates—On Au- gust 28, 2000, Beijing was selected to be one of the candidate cities. Other candidates include: Istanbul of Turkey, Osaka of Japan, Paris, France and Toronto, Canada. The final round finally came. Raised Beijing’s concepts—On Decem- ber 13, 2000, CAH presented its reportto the IOC, We admire those who never tumbled, but we much more admire those who tumbled and stood up. —— Quoted from the video advertising Beijing’s application for hosting Olympics 75Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering and raised the unique concepts of Beijing, “Green Olympics, High-Tech Olympics, People’s Olympics”. Fly to Moscow—On the afternoon of July 7th, 2001, the CAH delegation, headed by Liu Qi, the President of CAH and Mayor of Beijing, left for Moscow for the 112th conference of the IOC. Dreams come true — July 13, 2001, the final voting started. At 8:59 P.M. the result of the first round came out. None of the cities won more than half of the votes. Beijing won 44 votes, Toronto 20, Istanbul 17, Paris 15 and Osaka 6. Osaka was the first one voted out of the competition. At 9:05 P.M., statistics of the second round of votes were calculated. Then at 10: 08, Mr. Sarmaranch, the President of IOC, declared, “The hosting city for the 2008 Olympic Games will be Beijing!” The dream of this ancient oriental country finally came true! Success in Moscow-Excitement Rippled Through China! II. Unforgettable Memories The first gold medal won by Xu Haifeng at the 23rd Olympics in Los Angeles made the new breakthrough in her sports history. Many diligent Chinese athletes went on to win 112 Summer 76 Manual for Beijing Olympic Volunteers Games gold medals, 4 Winter Games gold medals and 143 Paralympic gold meals. Highlights of Chinese Winners of Gold Medals: • The first gold medal winner — Ping Yali In 1984, a Chinese girl named Ping Yali succeeded in the long jump contest at the 7th Paralympic Games and became the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal in the Paralympics. • The Prince of Gymnastics — Li Ning In the 23rd Olympiad, Li Ning won 3 gold medals: free exercise, flying rings and vaulting horse; 1 silver in jumping-over and 1 bronze in al-round. He was the athlete who won the most medals in Los Angeles. • The first team who won five crowns - Chinese women volleyball This team won the championship at the 23rd Olympic Games, succeeded in the 3rd World Cup in 1981, and continued the legend ‘til 1986 at the 10th World Championship. The women’s volleyball team became the first one in history to win 5 crowns in succession. • “The Amazing Deer from the East”— Wang Junxia Wang Junxia won a gold medal in the 5,000m marathon and a silver in the 10,000m in the 26th Olympic Games. Both victories broke world records. • The first winner of gold in Track and Field — Chen Yueling She won the championship at 10,000m in the 25th Olympic Games. • The youngest champion in Olym- pic history — Fu Mingxia When Fu Mingxia was crowned in“The Amazing Deer from the East” -Wang Junxia 77Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering the event of platform diving at the 25th Olympics, she was only 14. Then she successively won 3 gold medals in the 26th and the 27th Olympiads, becoming one of the Chinese athletes who won the most gold medals. • The “Patriarch” in 6 Games —Wang Yifu Wang Yifu is the only Chinese athlete who attended 6 Olympic Games. He won a bronze medal at 23rd Games, continued his success at the 25th Games: one gold and one silver, then won another silver at the 26th Games, again a silver medal at the 27th Olympic Games, finally got his second Olympic gold medal in Barcelona (28th Olympics). • Great Ping Pong player — Deng Yaping DENG Yaping Won! Deng Yaping is the only one who won 2 championships in table tennis contestsat the 25th and 26th Olympic Games. She is also the winner of 4 Olympic gold medals, proving to be the greatest Olympic champion in the history of ping pong. • The first Asian who crowned in track and fields — Liu Xiang Liu Xiang, with a record of 12′91″, tasted sweet victory in the 110m hurdles at 78 Manual for Beijing Olympic Volunteers the28th Olympic Games. He is the first Asian to win this event, leaving a historic legacy behind. • The first gold medal in Winter Games — Yang Yang Yang Yang won 2 gold medals in women’s Short Track Speed Skating - both 1, 000m and 500m in Salt Lake City and achieved a breakthrough for China in the Winter Games. • The first gold medal winner from Hong Kong — Li Lishan Li Lishan was crowned in the sail boarding at the 26th Olympic Games. • The first gold medal winner from Taiwan — Chen Shixin Chen won the championship in Taekwondo at the 28th Olympic Games. There were many highlights and exciting moments in achieving the medals won by China. Those athletes who fought hard to bring honor to their country will forever be remembered. The number of medals won by Chinese athletes can be seen from the following charts: Chart 3-2 Medals Won in Summer Paralympics 金牌 银牌 铜牌 第7届 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 第 8届 第9届 第10届 第11届 第12届 2 13 9 1717 10 11 7 7 161310 34 22 17 32 46 63 Chart 3-1 Medals Won in Summer Games 23届 24届 25届 26届 27届 28届 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 金牌 银牌 铜牌 15 8 9 5 1112 16 22 2 22 22 22 22 2 16 16 12 28 32 1615 1714 79Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering Section II“One World, One Dream”— 2008 Games of Beijing Olympiad I. General Goal and Concepts 1. Goal of the Beijing Olympiad On January 14, 2005, the Beijing Organizing Com- mittee made a decision at its 2nd general conference that the general goal of the Games of Beijing Olympiad will be “High Quality & Distinction”. Distinction refers to: Chinese style, cultural splendor, contemporary spirit and mass participation. The Beijing Olympic Games will be a perfect occa- sion to fully display China's 5,000-year history and its resplendent culture and also present a grand ceremony that will gather athletes from all over the world and present diverse and brilliant cultures. The Beijing Olympic Games will fully express the common aspiration of the Chinese people to jointly seek peace, development and common progress together with the peoples of the world, and it will highlight the fact that the 1. Chart 3-3 Medals Won in Winter Games 金牌 银牌 铜牌 第16届 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 第 17届 第18届 第19届 第20届 3 1 2 6 2 2 2 4 4 5 2 80 Manual for Beijing Olympic Volunteers 3 billion Chinese people of 56 ethnic groups, along with 50 million overseas Chinese, are all most enthusiastic participants in the Beijing Olympic Games. High quality performances include: • high-level sporting venues, facilities and competition organizations; • high-level opening ceremonies and cultural events; • high-level media services and favorable press commentary; • high-level security work; • high-level volunteers and services; • high-level transportation and logistics; • high-level urban civility and friendliness; • high-level performances by Chinese athletes. 2. Concepts Three concepts have been adopted for the Beijing Olympic Games, namely, the Green Olympics, the High-tech Olympics and the People's Olympics. On December 13, 2000, in the headquarters of IOC in Lausanne, CAH presented these concepts in their reports: Green Olympics: � Environmental protection is a key prerequisite for designing and constructing the Olympic Games' facilities, while strict ecological standards and systematic guaran- tee systems will be established. � Environmentally friendly technologies and measures will be widely applied in environmental treatment to structures and venues. Urban and rural afforestation and environmental protection will be widely enhanced in an all-round manner. � Environmental awareness will be promoted among the general public, with citizens greatly encouraged to make "green" consumption choices. � Active participation in various environmental improve- ment activities will help better the capital's ecological standards and build a city better fit for all to enjoy. Environment Logo of Beijing Olympic Games 81Chapter 3 The Beijing Olympic Games and the Olympic Volunteering High-tech Olympics: � A grand sporting event featuring high technology will be held by incorporating the latest domestic and international scientific and technological achievements. � Upgrading Beijing scientific innovative capabilities and boosting the industri- alization of high-tech achievements will popularize their use in daily life. The Beijing Olympic Games is to serve as a window to showcase the city's high-tech achievements and its innovative strength. People's Olympics:The goal is to… � Spread modern Olympic ideas; � Display splendid Chinese culture; � Exhibit Beijing's historical and cultural heritage, and its residents’ positive attitudes; � Advance cultural exchanges, to deepen understanding and friendship between the peoples of the world; � Promote harmonious development between mankind and nature. To promote