英语不定式

null非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词的类型: 非谓语动词的类型: Infinitive 不定式Gerund 动名词Participle 分词Infinitive:Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定):not to doPassive voice:null(1). 主语 Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It____________________________________.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at nightnull1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项只花了二年时间。巩固练习1null(2). 语 PredicativeMy job isYour task ______________(努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe. to teach you English.nullThese days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语 Object 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to donullthink consider find make feel形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought______________________.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习2nullThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补 Complement五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. 医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+ sb to donullI made him do his work.He ______________________by me.See sb do sth---sb be seen to doHe was seen ___ from the tree and get hurt. fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his worknull(5). 定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for__________.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing___________.*我想要几本在旅途中看。I’d like________________________________.a few books to read during the journey---What do you think of the school? ---It is a very good _____. A. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的）a room to live innullI came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.表目的2.表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enough…to, too…to, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.null1.____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.在句中承担的成分:1. 作主语2. 作表语3. 作宾语4. 作宾语补足语5. 作定语6. 作状语在句中承担的成分:nullTense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done ---------- to have been doing----------null(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)null1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told巩固练习3null3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay. A. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave nullwho, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I don’t know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.(表语)不定式与疑问词连用:null关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go Yes, _______.A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.Yes,______.null1. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习4不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but ____ .(cry) (2). I have no choice but____. (go) (3).What do you like ____ besides____ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleepnull (1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：nullhad better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 Why (not) do sth.? …prefer to do/prefer doing …prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B …prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B …would rather (not) do sth. …would rather do A than (do) B …would rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做…… 固定句型:注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法*在the first, the second…，the last和only之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom ． *如果understand，realize, know用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truth． *表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。 如：(√)In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window． (×)Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window． (√)He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen． *so as to do一般不放在句首。 (√)He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus． (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning．null1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.I’m glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you. 10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）独立成分和疑问词连用