非谓语动词讲解课件（2012.11）

nullnull1. to do 2.-ing 3.donenull非谓语不定式 （to do）V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词的分类null一个当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.非谓语动词的 使用条件nullTom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）null1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则 2.非谓语动词解四大步骤非谓语动词题的做题技巧null一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则null原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则null 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系， 故选 D。 null2. _____ this cake， you’ll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making null 3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _____， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.null4. The girl was left alone in the room, _______ bitterly. A. to cry B. crying C. cried null用括号里的词的适当形式填空 1. Write to the editor , ________that the editor would be able to help her．（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _________ on a big rock．( rest ) 3.The secretary worked late into night , _________ a long speech. ( prepare ) 4. _______ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep-ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且 前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比 谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。null原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析] 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。null6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A.have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reachingnull 8. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 　7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。null原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动 式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式. 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被 动式，因可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。 null11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _______ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_____upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix one’s eyes upon…null原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致. 12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John(be) faced with…Faced withnull13. While watching television，_____. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。watchingnull 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式 （根据情况可用不定式的完成式或 —ing的完成式） 14._____ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. to be separated【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。hasnull15. The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，having made ... 相当于 who had made... 的意思。leftnull16.—Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know what country —Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ? he will study in? he studies in?CABissb is said to do… 据说…null原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是： 用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。 17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _____ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitorsnull19. “Things _____ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. —The last one _____ pays the meal. 　—Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt. lose sb/sth注：受 the first， the second ... the last 修饰 的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。 You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。 null原则一：用作目的状语，…原则二：用作伴随状语，…原则三：用作结果状语，…原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，…原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，…原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，…原则七：用于名词后作定语时，…原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,原则区别是： -ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式； 如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与 主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上 要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。null二. 非谓语动词解题 四大步骤null（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”______many times , but he still couldn't understand it .2. ____ many times , he still couldn't understand it .Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC___A注意连词null 3.It ___ a hot day, we’d better go swimming. 4. ____ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there. is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意标点符号null确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。 怎么加?null非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成独立主格。一般说来, 非谓语动词作定语时，逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词； 作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语补足语之前的宾语； 作表语、宾语或状语时，其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语, null （二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一般来说， 非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语； 非谓语动词作宾补,逻辑主语是宾语； 非谓语动词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰词。null分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 ______from space , the earth looks blue . 2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. SeeAB解析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A， 用过去分词表被动。 句2. 我们"主动看......"即表主动，故选B。（三）分析语态null A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._______ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything ______　into consideration, they ought to have another chance.null（四）分析时态1. The building ____ now will be a restaurant .2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _____ last year is a restaurant.having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built ___C ______B______Dnull二. 找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态一. 辨别“谓与非谓”三. 非谓语动词解题步骤nullPracticeChallenge yourself!!!!null 1. A railway station is no place for a child _____ alone at night. A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _____ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4._____ these children _____ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do5. When you're learning to drive，__ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and havingnull6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter ___ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_____ all 200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always the first _____ and the last _____ the office. A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving C. to come， left D. coming， left 9. Robert is said _____ one of my classmates the other day， but I don’t know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married10.With everything she needed____, she left the shop. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought