英语：阅读理解中的推理判断题解题指导课件

nullnullnull阅读理解 高三解指导 null高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 　１、理解主旨要义； 　２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 　４、作出简单判断和理解； 　５、理解文章的基本结构； 　６、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。null主旨大意型事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型命 题 类推 理 判 断 型null2010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。null 阅读理解专题--推理判断题null 阅读推理判断题null 1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that …is most likely . When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer [conclude] from the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨 1).全面分析 2).忠实原文3).不要选择层信息null1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle." （1分钟） ● The sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.Practice:null2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分钟） You can tell that rocks ________. A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animals C. won’t be found on beaches D. can’t be found on beachesnull1. Question forms: The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer thought that______. According to the author ______.2.技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。null1.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应). （2分钟） ●According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.null2. Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，I’m sick of all the bad news. This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform null说明文中作者的态度: objective neutral 在议论文中，有： (1)positive (2)negative (3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent (7)ironic (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的悲观的Taking notes:中立的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的null1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.null(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图 A. The writer uses the example of…to show that _____. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____. C. …are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____. null2. 常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种： (1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑） (2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点） (3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.null1. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分钟） ●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______. A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance D. invite the readers to answer themnull2. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the woman‘s home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband’s home. （3分钟） ●The writer wrote the story in order to________. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wifenull  1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of ___.null2. 解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸 ：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称 (2)广告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨认 (3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等 null1.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. ●This text is most probably taken from a ______. （2分钟） A. textbook B. newsreel(新闻片) C. doctor’s notebook D. bottle of medicinenull2. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分钟） ●This text is taken from _____. A. a medical magazine 　　　　 B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）　　D. a government information booklet （小册子）More than 30,000… are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to $ 50Remember you may be taken to court… you may be fined …null2. 解题技巧 推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理 推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段 开始的几句话。 1)推断上下文内容 1. Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______.null When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟） ●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）null2.解题技巧： 按段落的组织方法理解文章结构 按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构 2)推断篇章组织结构 1.Question forms: Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? How is the passage organized?总结1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。 2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。 3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。 4.推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。总结null