韩国三星电子Bluetooth培训

nullIntroduction of Bluetooth Technology Introduction of Bluetooth Technology WS KANG Principal Engineer Network Solution Lab. Corporate R&D Center Samsung Electronics August 30, 2000Who Started Bluetooth?Who Started Bluetooth?The Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) was formed in February 1998 Ericsson IBM Intel Nokia Toshiba Now 9 Promoter member 3COM,LUCENT,MS ,Motorola (1999) There are 1800+ adopter companies The Bluetooth SIG went “public” in May 1998 The Bluetooth SIG work (the spec: >1,500 pages) became public on July 26, 1999The Bluetooth TechnologyThe Bluetooth TechnologyCreates an open industry standard to revolutionize wireless connectivity for personal and mobile devices. Substitutes a wireless air link for physical connections between electronic devices located in a single area (the piconet). Establishes rapid, ad-hoc connections between one or more devices with required security (point to point, paired, or multipoint). Permits instantaneous, effortless exchange of voice and data between suitably configured devices (the profiles). Accelerates the growth of mobile data connectivity. The Bluetooth TechnologyThe Bluetooth TechnologyFeatures Flexible network topology Low energy consumption Robust data High quality voice transfer Bluetooth values Trade Marked Freedom Simplicity Reliability Versatility SecurityWhat does Bluetooth do for you?What does Bluetooth do for you?What is Bluetooth?What is Bluetooth?A Short Range Wireless Communication Technology Intended to create Personal Area Network or PAN(s) Operating Range of 10 Meters(optional 100 meters mode) Operates in Free Scientific Communication Band 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz Provides Multiple Levels of Security Frequency Hopping Data Whitening Data Encoding Data Encryption Targeted at all types of Devices Wiresless Telephones(Cellular, Portables, Satellite, etc.) Computers, PDAs, Peripherals, etc. Set-top Boxes, Audio Systems, Cameras and Camcorders, etc. Comsumer Electronics, Headsets, Remote controls, etc.What is in the Bluetooth Specification?What is in the Bluetooth Specification?A hardware/software description An application frameworkUsage scenarios: SynchronizationUsage scenarios: SynchronizationUser benefits Proximity synchronization Easily maintained database Common information databaseSharing Common Data…Usage scenarios: HeadsetUsage scenarios: HeadsetUser benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand’s free operationWireless Freedom…Usage scenarios: Data access pointsUsage scenarios: Data access pointsUser benefits No more connectors Easy internet access Common connection experienceRemote Connections...Bluetooth System OverviewBluetooth System OverviewBluetooth Block DiagramRF TransceiverFLASHBaseband ProcessorHost ProcessorH C IBluetooth ModuleBluetooth modules include subsystems: Radio Baseband Software ...and Applications Development Tools DC PowerRef Osc8RadioRadiofrequency synthesis: frequency hopping 2.402 + k MHz, k=0, …, 78 1,600 hops per second conversion bits into symbols: modulation GFSK (BT = 0.5; 0.28 < h < 0.35); 1 MSymbols/s transmit power 0 dbm (up to 20dbm with power control) receiver sensitivity -70dBm @ 0.1% BERRadio Basics: ReceiverRadio Basics: ReceiverThe RF Transceiver contains both Receiver and Transmitter. The receiver selects the desired signal and removes all other signals present at the antenna (strong interferers will be present both in and out of the ISM band). The desired signal is downconverted to baseband and demodulated. A digital bit stream representing the demodulated data is output to the baseband sub-system for further processing.Antenna FilterLNARF MixerSelectivity Filter & GainDemodulatorDigital dataRF energyVCORadio Basics: TransmitterRadio Basics: TransmitterThe transmitter accepts digital data at it’s input and performs modulation, upconversion, filtering and amplification. The RF signal at the antenna must meet strict criteria (spectral occupancy, frequency accuracy, spurious emissions, radiated energy).Antenna FilterPARF MixermodulatorDigital dataRF energyVCOThe BasebandThe BasebandThe Bluetooth baseband processor manages all physical and link layer functions including low level control of the system hardware A digital IC Functions implemented in both hardware and softwareFrame scheduling Data routing Correlation & down-sampling Packet encoding/decoding Error correction encoding/error detection & correction Data whitening/de-whitening Ciphering/deciphering CRC coding Buffer PCM data Host Controller Interface Format conversion Sample rate & receive error reconciliation Radio Control Name request Link address inquiries Connection set-up Authentication Link mode negotiation and set-up for data and voice Control of the Bluetooth module's power mode - sniff, hold, park The Bluetooth network topologyThe Bluetooth network topologyRadio designation Connected radios can be master or slave Radios are symmetric (same radio can be master or slave) Piconet Master can connect to 7 simultaneous or 200+ inactive (parked) slaves per piconet Each piconet has maximum capacity (1 Mbps) Unique hopping pattern/ID Scatternet High capacity system Minimal impact with up to 10 piconets within range Radios can share piconets!The Bluetooth network topologyThe Bluetooth network topologyMaster / Slave relationship between Devices Master controls entire piconet A piconet is a group of devices controlled by one master Maximum number of devices in a single Piconet One Master 7 Active Slave Devices 255 Standby Slave Devices Devices can participate in more than one Piconet Devices can act as slave to other Piconets Participation in more than on Piconet creats a scatternet Slave devices to one Piconet can be Master to Another A device can only be Master to a single Piconet Masters and Slaves can exchange roles Exchange of roles creates a new Piconet All devices are informed and coordinated with new master Creating a PiconetCreating a PiconetAScatternetScatternetslave 1slave 2slave 3master Bslave 4slave 5master AScatternetScatternetslave 1slave 2slave 3slave 4 / master Bslave 6slave 5master AOperational StatesOperational StatesStandby Waiting to join a piconet Inquire Ask about radios to connect to Page Connect to a specific radio Connected Actively on a piconet (master or slave) Park/Hold Low-power connected states Sniff Duty cycle of the slave’s listen activity can be reducedInquiryPageConnectedAMATransmitdataAMAHOLDAMAPARKPMALow-power statesActive statesStandbyConnecting statesUnconnected: StandbyDetachreleases AMA addressOperational StatesOperational Statesactive slavemasterparked slavestandbyInquiryInquirySniff ModeSniff ModeMASTERSLAVE 1SLAVE 2Park ModePark Modeactive slaveparked slaves BEACON PM_ADDR masterPark ModePark ModeMASTERSLAVE XSLAVE 2PARK INTERVALSLAVE YBCBCBaseband link typesBaseband link typesPolling-based (TDD) packet transmissions 1 slot: 0.625msec (max 1600 slots/sec) master/slave slots (even-/odd-numbered slots) polling: master always “polls” slaves Synchronous connection-oriented (SCO) link “circuit-switched” periodic single-slot packet assignment symmetric 64Kbps full-duplex Asynchronous connection-less (ACL) link packet switching asymmetric bandwidth variable packet size (1-5 slots) max. 721 kbps (57.6 kbps return channel) 108.8 - 432.6 kbps (symmetric)Mixed Link ExampleMixed Link ExampleMASTERSLAVE 1SLAVE 2SLAVE 3AddressingAddressingBluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) 48-bit IEEE 802 address 24-bit lower address part (LAP) 8-bit upper address part (UAP) Active Member Address (AM_ADDR) 3-bit active slave address all-zero broadcast address Parked Member Address (PM_ADDR) 8-bit parked slave address FH/TDD ChannelFH/TDD Channel625 ms ttmasterslaveFrequency HoppingFrequency HoppingtimeslavemasterPhysical ChannelPhysical Channel master BD_ADDR  hop sequence master CLOCK  phaseHop SelectionHop SelectionPacket FormatPacket Formataccess codepacket headerpayload72b54b0-2745bAccess CodeAccess CodePREAMBLESYNC WORDTRAILER464434246LSBMSB BCH LAP BRKPacket HeaderPacket HeaderAM_ADDRHEC318AM_ADDRTYPEFLOWARQNslave active member addresspayload typeLC flow controlACK/NAKparameterinformationFLOW1ARQN1SEQN TYPE4SEQNretransmit orderingHECheader error checkMULTI-SLOT PACKETSMULTI-SLOT PACKETSPacket TypesPacket TypesData Rates (kb/s)Data Rates (kb/s)Error CorrectionError CorrectionForward-Error Correction (FEC) 1/3 rate: bit-repeat code 2/3 rate: (15,10) shortened Hamming code Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) 1-bit fast ACK/NAK 1-bit sequence number header piggy-backingARQ SchemeARQ SchemeMASTERSLAVE 1SLAVE 2NAKACKBluetooth Security FeaturesBluetooth Security FeaturesFast frequency hopping (79 channels) Low transmit power (range <= 10m) Authentication of remote device based on link key (128 Bit) May be performed in both directions Encryption of payload data Stream cipher algorithm ( 128 Bit) Encryption Key (8-128 bit) derived from link key Frequent resynchronized Affects all traffic on a link Initialization(Pairing) PIN entry by user Application Level SecurityBluetooth Security FeaturesBluetooth Security FeaturesBased on Stored keys No user intervention Access to both devices Manual input of PINBluetooth System InterfacesBluetooth System InterfacesBluetooth ModulesBluetooth ModulesA complete Bluetooth system can be manufactured from a small Radio module and other components. To allow a minimum size, the radio is assembled and tested on a substrate with embedded RF features. Then the radio is assembled with other components onto the complete module, which can be tested more simply.Complete Bluetooth ModuleRadio Module substrate assembled on Bluetooth PCBThe Components of Bluetooth ModulesThe Components of Bluetooth ModulesRADIO - a mixed signal IC, analog and digital circuits: modulates RF carrier with data for transmission demodulates received signals to extract data stream synthesizes required frequencies for RX and TX BASEBAND PROCESSOR - mostly digital IC : extracts information for host from RX data stream; configures TX data from host into Bluetooth packets MICROCONTROLLER - Manages the links; turns components on and off; a digital IC MEMORY - integrated RAM, ROM; integrated or separate Flash ROM ; a digital IC : stores configuration information stores short term operating information ANTENNA - transducer to convert signal between conducted and radiated forms. Usually best outside the module. Logical Combinations of Functionality Integrated in ModulesLogical Combinations of Functionality Integrated in ModulesRADIO ONLY Portable phones! Phones contain powerful processors and memory capable of providing baseband and control functions A cost-effective solution is often to provide a module containing only the radio function RADIO + BASEBAND ….if phone processor does not have excess capacity to support Bluetooth TX data formatting and RX synchronization. RADIO + BASEBAND + MICROCONTROLLER + MEMORY For retrofit upgrade and unhosted applications - headsets, PC cards Appropriate to include crystal and voltage regulation alsoTypes of Applications for ModulesTypes of Applications for ModulesHOSTED: ALREADY CONTAINS A MICROCONTROLLER; may be able to share memory, crystal oscillator, codec Portable phones Personal Computers PDAs UNHOSTED: Often an excessory to a hosted application; must be complete and self-sufficient Headset for use with cell phone, or peronal audio Mouse for PC Joystick controller for video gamenullPros: Smaller size Lower cost Improved performance? Time-to-market? Standard interface Cons: Software upgradesRF TransceiverROMBaseband ProcessorHost ProcessorH C IBluetooth ComponentCell PhoneFLASHPowerRef oscHosted Bluetooth Module Designnullin Cellular ApplicationsPros: Smaller size Lower cost memory? Cons: Software upgrades IC Development RF interface RF TransceiverHost Processor Bluetooth ComponentCell PhoneFLASHPowerRef oscROMBluetooth ProcessorBluetooth Baseband IntegrationnullBluetooth SoftwareSD ClientLC DriverTimer DriverHCI - Host DriverIRQ DriverL2CAPRFCOMMPPPUDPTCPAT CommandsvCard/vCalSD ServerTCS BINHCIIPWAEBaseband w/ Link Controller ASICBluetooth RF ModuleAudioHCI Transport/DriversHCI Transport/DriversHost ControllerLink ManagerOBEXWAPUSBSerialPCMCIAUSBSerialPCMCIARTOSFlash DriverFlash LoaderSSISCMDBMVirtual OS LayerLink ManagerLink ManagerLink management setup and configuration packet selection for quality of service required packet transfers Security authentication pairing create/change link keys encryption including key management Piconet management Attach and detach slaves Establishing ACL/SCO connections master/slave switching name requests Handling of low power modes : hold, park, sniff modes Hardware-dependent functionality and features Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)Protocol multiplexing enables usage of several higher layer protocols simultaneously identifies packets with required protocols passes packets for higher layer protocols to appropriate handler Segmentation and Reassembly segments higher layer protocol packets into appropriate data link packets and reassembles them again. Adds logical channel bits for ACL packets hides data link packet lengths for higher layer protocols Quality of Service negotiates service type for link monitors link quality and adjusts for rate, latency, delay allocates channels for SCO connections Hardware independent(ideally)Host Controller Interface (HCI)Host Controller Interface (HCI)Provides a common interface between the Bluetooth host and a Bluetooth module Interfaces in spec 1.0: USB; UART; RS-232 Defines a boundary which allows the independent development of Bluetooth hardware and software Defines a set of messages that are used by upper layer protocols to control and receive notifications from the Bluetooth hardware Provides a flow control capability that regulates the flow of data between the host and the host controllerHCI Transport ProtocolsHCI Transport ProtocolsThe HCI transport protocols describe how HCI commands, event packets, and data packets are communicated between a host and the Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth specification supports the following transport protocols: USB Transport protocol PC Card transport protocol RS232 Transport protocol UART Transport protocolService Discovery Protocol(SDP)Service Discovery Protocol(SDP)Bluetooth SDP enables Bluetooth devices to discover the characteristics and capabilities of other Bluetooth devices within RF proximity Within Bluetooth SDP, a service is: any information, resource, or facility that is provided by (or through) one Bluetooth device that is advertised as available to be used by nearby Bluetooth devices Bluetooth SDP does not provide a general purpose service access/usage mechanism; SDP only enables discovery of services Service Discovery Protocol(SDP)Service Discovery Protocol(SDP)Motivation Bluetooth environment is qualitatively different from traditional network environments Highly dynamic Based upon device proximity Device-based, rather than network-based Focus Service discovery within Bluetooth environment Optimized for dynamic nature of Bluetooth Services offered by or through Bluetooth devicesSDP Client and Server RolesSDP Client and Server RolesSDP Server: offers one or more services Maintains a database of service information containing one service record for each service offered Each service record contains a list of attributes describing the service SDP Client: needs a service Searches for services based on the desired attributes of those services Requests additional attributes of the found servicesSDP Client and Server RolesSDP Client and Server RolesLML2CAPSDP ServerSDP Server RoleCOService Records DBLML2CAPSDP Client RoleCOSDP ClientBT_module_CtrlBT_module_CtrlRFCOMMRFCOMMProvide support for legacy applications that use serial cables It emulates the 9 wires of an RS232 serial cable Leverage the existing standard GSM TS 07.10 The scope is point-to-point communication between Bluetooth devices It is a simple transport protocol with framing, multiplexing Plus additional provisions RS232 signal status Remote line status Remote port setting Parameter negotiation RFCOMM Protocol StackProfiles using RFCOMMProfiles using RFCOMMSerial Port Profile Serial port emulation for legacy applications Not explicitly using serial port emulation: Dial-up networking Fax Headset Generic Obex (Object Push, File Transfer, Synchronisation) LAN AccessnullProfilesDefine how to implement specific usage models “Sometimes” define which application to use Define which provided and adapted protocols to use Put requirements on each individual protocol Define which options are considered mandatory Define parameter rangesApplicationsProvided ProtocolsAdapted ProtocolsBasic ProtocolsVCARDOBEXRFCOMMSDPTCSL2CAPLMBaseRadioTCPIPnullProfilesL2CAPSDPL2CAPSDPL2CAPA-PartyB-PartyLocalRemoteClientServerGeneric Access ProfileService Discovery Application ProfileBased on AT CommandsLAN Access ProfileFax ProfileHeadset ProfileDial-up NetworkingFile Transfer ProfileSynchronizationCordless Telephony ProfileIntercom ProfileObject Push ProfileTerminalGatewayTerminalPushPushClientServerIrMCIrMCAudioHeadsetDTGatewayDTGatewayClientServerTCS BinaryRFCOMMRFCOMMDevice ADevice BSerial Port ProfileGeneric Object ExchangenullBluetooth Profile HierarchyService Discovery ProfileCordless Telephony ProfileIntercom ProfileDial-up Networking ProfileFax ProfileHeadset ProfileLAN Access ProfileFile Transfer ProfileObject Push ProfileSynchronization ProfileGeneric Access ProfileSerial Port ProfileGeneric Object Exchg ProfilenullGeneric Access ProfileThis profile defines the generic procedures related to discovery of Bluetooth devices (idle mode procedures) and link management aspects of connecting to Bluetooth devices (connecting mode procedures). Defines procedures related to use of different security levels. The profile includes common format requirements for parameters accessible on the user interface level.nullService Discovery Application ProfileThis profile defines the features and procedures for an application in a Bluetooth device to discover services registered in other Bluetooth devices and retrieve any desired available information pertinent to these services. Reveals higher level services available to users Provides Plug and Play informationnullCordless Telephony ProfileThis profile defines the features and procedures that are required for interoperability between different units active in the ‘3-in-1 phone’ use case. The scope of this profile includes the following layers/protocols/profiles: Bluetooth Baseband, Link Manager Protocol, L2CAP, Service Discovery Protocol, Telephony Control Protocol Specification (TCS-Binary) and the General Access Profile.nullIntercom ProfileThis profile defines the requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for the support of the intercom functionality within the 3-in-1 phone use case. The requirements are expressed in terms of end-user services, and by defining the features and procedures that are required for interoperability between Bluetooth devices in the 3-in-1 phone use case.nullSynchronization ProfileThis application profile defines the application requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for the support of the Synchronization usage model. Synchronization is built on an IrDA foundation, reuses many existing protocols. vCard and vCalendar objects can be synchronized between separate devices using the Obex protocol.Serial Port ProfileSerial Port ProfileThis profile defines the interoperability requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for setting up emulated serial cable connections using RFCOMM between two peer devices. Is built on the Generic Access Profile Two roles: initiator & responder (DevA & DevB) Relates t