食品专业英语的考点

Nutrition(营养) These nutrients are categorized as fats, carbohydrates (sugar and starches),minerals, vitamins , and water. 这些营养物质分为脂肪、碳水化合物(糖和淀粉)、矿物质、维生素、和水。 They are called essential nutrients because we cannot get along without them. 他们被称为必需的营养物质,因为我们不能没有他们相处。 we need them for energy, for building and maintaining body tissue;and for regulating body processes the three essential functions of foods in body. 我们需要他们来提供能源,为建立和维护人体组织,用于调节生理过程的三个基本功能的食物在身体。 nutrition might be defined as the process whereby we obtain the essential nutrients and use them to make many other substances our bodies need, this process would include eating and digesting food and absorbing and using, or metabolizing, the nutrients it contains. 营养可能被定义为至过程,我们获得必需的营养物质,用它们来做许多其他物质身体的需要,这个过程包括饮食,食物的消化、吸收和利用,或代谢,营养含量。 We can obtain all of the essential nutrients from food. 我们能得到的所有的必需营养素的食物。 However, it is possible to obtain nourishment without eating and digesting food -if,for example, the nutrients are injected directly to our veins as in intravenous feeding. 然而,它可能获取营养和消化食物如果不吃东西,例如,养分静脉直接注射到我们在静脉吃食。 Protein(蛋白质) after a protein is eaten it is broken down by digestion into amino acids, which are then absorbed and used to make other proteins in the body. 蛋白质是吃后可分解成氨基酸被消化,然后吸收和用于制造其他蛋白质在身上。 Sometimes it is possible for the amino group of an amino acid to be transferred to another molecule by a process called transamination.. 有时它是可能的氨基基团氨基酸被转移到另外一个分子,这个过程称为转氨作用。 In this way the human body is able to make some amino acids for itself. 这样,人体能使一些氨基酸的目的。 These are known as dispensable or non-essential amino acids. 这些被称为可有可无或非必需氨基酸。 However, it is not able to do this for every amino acid so certain number must be supplied by the diet. 然而,它并不能够做到这一点,所以每个氨基酸必须提供若干饮食。 They are known as the indispensable (or essential) amino acids and for the human adult there are eight: leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and lysine. 他们被称为必不可少的(或基本条件)的氨基酸和对人类成人有八:亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和赖氨酸。 in children,Histidine is also considered to be an indispensable amino acid since they are unable to make enough to meet their needs. 在儿童,也Histidine被认为是一个不可缺少的氨基酸,因为他们不能满足他们的需求。 Lipids(脂类) Fats and oils are the most concentrated source or food energy . 脂肪和食用油最主要集中来源或食物能量。 they provide 37.6kJ of energy per gram, which is approximately double the energy provided by proteins and carbohydrates. 他们提供37.6 kJ每克的能量,能量所提供的两倍左右的蛋白质和碳水化合物。 Consider a 70kg man who has fuel storage (reserves) of 418MJ in fats, 104.5MJ in protein (mostly in muscle), 2.5MJ in glycogen, and 167.2kJ in glucose. 考虑一个70公斤的人(储备)燃料贮存418 MJ脂肪、蛋白质104.5MJ (主要是在肌肉中),2.5 MJ糖,和167.2 kJ葡萄糖。 in this man, fats constitute about 11kg of his total body weight. 在这个男人,脂肪构成他的全部11公斤的体重。 if this amount of energy were stored in glycogen, his total weight would be 55kg greater. 如果这个数字的能量都储存在糖原,他的总重量更大五十五公斤。 After starvation for 1~3 days,85% of the sources of energy requirements are available from stored fats. 饥饿后准备1 ~ 3天,85%的能源需求都可以从储存脂肪。 The other functions are to maintain body temperature; to protect the viscera from colliding injury; to carry and to help absorption of fat-soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K) and ofter essential fatty acids:linoleic acid and linolenic acid. 其他是保持体温,保护内脏碰撞伤害;携带和帮助吸收的脂溶性维生素(A,D、E、K),经常脂肪酸:亚油酸和亚麻酸。 They contribute to food flavor and palatability as well as to the feeling satiety after eating. 它们有助于食品的风味、适口性以及对感觉饱吃完。 the major functions of lipoids are to maintain the structure and function of biomembranes(this is the important role of phospholipids);to convert to some physiological important substances, such as steroid hormones, vitamin D3,bile acid(cholesterol);to promote absorption and transfer of TG ;to act as electrical insulator, such as myelin; to synthesize thromboxane,prostaglandin(PG);and to construct membrane receptors from glycolipids. 主要功能是为了保证类脂的结构和功能biomembranes(这就是磷脂的重要作用);转换到重要的生理活性物质,如类固醇激素、维生素D3,胆酸(胆固醇);促进吸收TG和转让,担任电气绝缘,如髓鞘;综合成块,前列腺素(PG);构建糖脂膜受体。 Carbohydrates（碳水化合物） Carbohydrates are found in a diversity of foods-bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, soft drinks and corn. 碳水化合物被发现在多元化的食物—面包、豆类、牛奶、爆米花、土豆、曲奇饼,软饮料和玉米。 They also come in a variety of forms. 他们也会开展多种形式的合作。