句子成分和种类

英语专题复习（五）----句子成分和句子种类句子成分和主谓一致 A. 按要求划分下列句子的成分 1. The boy students are in our school. (主语) 2. Making a vocabulary list is very important. (主语) 3. It’s easy to finish the work on time. (主语) 4. What we shall do next is not decided. (主语) 5. We have run out of the time. (谓语) 6. English is spoken in many countries. (谓语) 7. He can fix up old cars. (谓语) 8. We often help him. (宾语) 9. He likes to play basketball. (宾语) 10. He asked if he could get his ears pierced. (宾语) 11. The man showed us a few photos. (宾语) 12. Sad movies always make us cry. (宾语补足语) 13. I find English difficult. (宾语补足语) 14. He saw the man escaping from the house. (宾语补足语) 15. I was heard to sing in the classroom just now. (宾语补足语) 16. I am a teacher. (表语) 17. The story sounds interesting. (表语) 18. The office is ten minutes’ walk from here. (定语) 19. The 8-year-old boy is very clever. (定语) 20. This is a book which tells about fish. (定语) 21. I want to retire somewhere quiet. (定语) 22. We hardly ever visit the history museum. (状语) 23. He did homework carefully at home. (状语) 24. When I grow up, I want to be a lawer. (状语) 25. I like comedies because they are interesting. (状语) B. 单项选择（包含主谓一致） ( )1. Physics ____one of the ____ subjects in middle school. A. are; important B. is; most important C. is; more important D. are; much important ( )2. Not only the parents but also James ____ London. They will come back in a month. A. has been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. have gone to ( )3. Milk and bread ___ my favorite food every morning. A. is B. are C. will be D. was ( )4. The teacher with two of her students _____ the classroom. A. are walking B. is entering C. is walking C. are entering into ( )5. There ____ a bird and some kites in the sky. A. is B. are C. were D. be ( )6. It is very difficult ____ the work without your help. A. do B. doing C. to do D. that do ( )7. We often help ____ with the housework. A. he B. her C. they D. my ( ) 8. The little girl was seen ____ in the next room. A. cry B. to crying C. cried D. crying ( ) 9. The policeman kept the man ___ for a long time. A. waiting B. wait C. to wait D. waited ( ) 10. The foreigner tried to make himself ___. A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand ( )11. The milk shake tastes ___ . A. sweet B. well C. nicely D. differently ( )12. The boy became ____ in joining the chess club. A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interests ( )13. Is there ____ in today’s newspaper? A. something interesting B. interesting something C. anything important D. unusual anything ( )14.This is ____ CD, not ____. A. mine; your B. my; you C. me; yours D. my; yours ( )15. We must work hard ____ the exam. A. to pass B. to past C. passing D. past ( )16.She loves the library ____ she loves books. A. but B. or C. so D. because ( )17. What we need ____ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has ( )18. The mother with her little son ____ at my home ____ that snowy night. A. were; at B. was; at C. was; on D. were; on (    )19. The actor ______at the age of 70. A. dead         B. died         C. death          D. dying (    )20. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest. A. We, us       B. Us, we      C. We, our        D. We, we (    )21. I think _____necessary to learn English well. A. its           B. it           C. that           D. that is (    ) 22. The dog ____ mad. A. looks         B. is looked     C. is being looked  D. was looked (    )23.I will never forget the place ______ I joined the clean-up campain. A. that          B. when        C. on which       D. where ( )24.Either Tom or I ____ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be ( )25. No one ____ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. are liking ( )26. One third of the books in our library ____new. Let’s borrow some. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )27. Good news. There ____ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. A. are B. is C. was D. were ( )28. ---I don’t think it’s good to drive eight hours without a rest. ---I agree. Eight hours ____ really a very long time. A. has B. is C. were D. am ( )29. Now each student ____ an English-Chinese dictionary. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having ( )30. One of my friends ____ already moved to London. A. do B. does C. have D. has II． 陈述句 把下列句子改为否定句 方法：① 找be动词，在被动词后面加not; ② 没有be动词时，找情态动词，在情态动词后面加not； ③ 既没有be动词也没有情态动词时，根据动词的形式加助动词的否定如：don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, won’t, haven’t, hasn’t ④ 动词不定式前面直接加not; My mother told me not to go to the net bars. Let’s not play computer games. You’d better not stay out late. 1. Tom and John are in the classroom. Tom and John ________in the classroom. 2. He has finished his work. He ________ ________ his work. 3. Sara is washing the dishes in the kitchen. Sara ________ ________ the dishes in the kitchen. 4. She came here last week. She ________ ________ last week. 5. Lucy seems to be sad. Lucy ________ ________ to be sad. 6. We use plastic bags when shopping. We ________ ________ plastic bags when shopping. 7. There will be a lot of tourists to our city in the future. There ______ _______ a lot tourists to our city in the future. 8. He dicided to buy some souvenirs in the shop. He decided ________ _______ buy ________ souvenirs in the shop. III． 疑问句 方法：① 找be动词，将be动词提到句首; ② 没有be动词时，找情态动词，将情态动词提到句首； ③ 既没有be动词也没有情态动词时，根据动词的形式在句首加助动词,但是一般现在时加does,和一般过去式句首加did时，谓语动词都要恢复原形；例如： John felt happy at that time? Did John feel happy? ④ 特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. He is an English teacher.(改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ an English teacher? 2. We have finished the work. (改为一般疑问句) _________ you _______ the work? 3. Tom often helps us. (对划线部分提问) ________ often ________ you? 4. They often play basketball after class. (对划线部分提问) ________ they often ________? 5. He has fifty books in his study. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ books ________he ________ in his study? 6. Mike will finish his homework in three hours. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ will Mike finish his homework? 7. The students will learn the group dance on the playground. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the students learn the group dance? 8. The young man was making shoes at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the young man ________ at 8 o’clock yesterday evening? 9. The weather is windy. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the weather today? 10. Are you good at English?(用French改为选择疑问句) Are you good at English ________ ________? 11. Can you answer the question?(做出否定回答) ________, he ________. 12. You are coming tonight, ________ ________?(改为反意疑问句) 13. Mary can’t do it alone, ________ ________? 14. Let’s have a rest, ________ ________? 15. Don’t laught at others’ mistakes, ________ ________? 16. This is a nice coat, ________ ________? 17. Those are beautiful flowers, ________ ________? 18. I think millions of people know about Susan Boyle, _________ ________? 19. Tom used to wear glasses, ________ ________? 20. There will many robots in the future, ________ ________? IV． 祈使句 表示请求或命令的句子。其主语you省略了。 ①肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头； ②否定形式的祈使句在动词原形之前加Don’t; ③Let sb do sth.的否定句形式是：Let sb not do sth. ④ 在实际交际中，要注意对于对方的请求或命令做出恰当的应答。 单项选择 ( )1.____ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried ( )2. ____ the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now. A. Not turn on B. Don’t turn on C. Not turn down D. Don’t turn down ( )3. ---Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. ---OK, I ____. A. will B. won’t C. do D. don’t ( )4. ---Peter, don’t step on the grass. ---____. A. It doesn’t matter B. I can’t do it C. Don’t worry D. Sorry, I won’t do it again ( )5. ---Remember to ask her to call me back. --- _____. A. Never mind B. That’s right C. Up to you D. All right ( )6. ---Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine. ---____. It’s boring to stay at home. A. Sounds great B. Not all C. Forget it D. No way ( )7. ---____ late for school again, Tim! ---Sorry, I promise that I ____. V． A. Don’t; won’t B. Don’t be; won’t C. Don’t be; don’t D. Don’t; will VI． 感叹句 感叹句往往由what和how引导。当中心词为名词时，用what引导；当中心词为形容词或副词时，用How来引导。 A. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. Those flowers are very beautiful. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ those flowers are! 2. The little cat is very cute. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ the little cat is! 3. What a good girl she is!(改为同义句) ________ ________ the girl is! 4. I have read a very interesting book. (改为感叹句) _________ ________ _______ book I have read! 5. The children are singing and dancing happily. (改为感叹句) _______ _______ the children are singsing and dancing! B.单项选择 ( )1. What a friendly person ____! We all like talking with him. A. is it B. is he C. it is D. he is ( )2. ____ swimming in this river! A. How great fun B. What great fun C. How a great fun D. What a great fun ( )3. ____ sad news it is! We must try our best to help them out of trouble. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )4. ____ lovely day! Let’s go for a walk. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )5. ____ great time we had last week! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )6. ____ interesting it is to swim in the sea! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( ) 7. ____ the soup tastes! VII． A. How good B. How well C. What good D. What well VIII． 直接引语和间接引语 将直接引语改为间接引语时，要注意下面这几个方面： a. 连接词：陈述句用that来连接，也可以省略；一般疑问句用if / whether连接；特殊疑问句的疑问词就是连接词； b. 主句语从句的时态：当主句的动词时态为says, asks等一般现在时，直接引语所用的时态不需改变；当主句的动词时态为过去时时，直接引语变为间接引语时态要改为相应的过去时，如一般现在时改为一般过去时；现在进行时改为过去进行时；一般将来时改为过去将来时，等等。遇到客观真理的事实时，时态不做改变； c. 语序：间接引语要采用陈述语序； d. 在转述中，人称也要做合理的变化； 将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1. “I’m doing my homework,” he said. He said that ________ _______ doing _______ homework. 2. “I haven’t been there before,” Susan said to me. Susan ______ me that she _______ ________ there before. 3. “Tom repaired his car two weeks ago,” she said. She said that Tom ________ ________ his car two weeks _______. 4. “Do you get to school on time every day?” he asked me. He asked _______ _______ _______ to school on time every day. 5. “When will you be back, Susan?” he asked. He asked _______ _______ _______ be back. 6. The old man said to me, “Leave the window open.” The old man _______ me _______ leave the window open. 7. “Don’t play soccer in the street, Mike,” she said. She _____ Mike ________ _______ ________ soccer in the street. IX． There be 句型 表示某地（某时）存在有某物（某人）。它遵循就近原则。 A. 单项选择 ( )1. There ____ snow on the road yesterday. A. was B. were C. will be D. are ( )2. There ____ a free concert in Baotu Spring Park this afternoon. A. will have B. is going to have C. is having D. is going to be ( )3.There ____ to be something wrong with him. A. is B. was C. seems D. are ( )4. There will be enough food for everybody, ____? A. won’t it B. won’t there C. isn’t it D. aren’t there ( )5.There ____ more tha two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was B.were C. have been D. are B. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。 1. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。 ________ ________ a boy ________ with a dog in the yard. 2. 以前在街道拐角有一家商店。 There _______ ______ ______ a shop on the corner of the street. 3. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。 ________ ________ _______ a better way to do this. 4. 没有时间再等你了。 _______ no time ______ _______ for you. 从句几种常见类型及关系代词和关系副词的用法 X． 复合句之宾语从句 A. 单项选择 ( )1. He asked which film they ____ about. A. will talk B. are going to talk C. was going to talk D. were talking ( )2. Do you know ____ bike this is? A. that B. who C. why D. whose ( )3. We didn’t know ____ she was ready or not. A. when B. that C. whether D. what ( )4.---I want to know when ____ have a field rip. ---We’ll have it when all the work ____. A. you are; will finish B. will you; finishes C. yu eill ; is finished D. you; finish ( )5. ---Could you tell me when ____? ---At 10:25, in ten minutes. A. the bus will leave B. will the bus leave C. the bus has left D. had the bus left ( )6.---Do you know ____ he’ll arrive here at 9:00 this morning? ---I’m afraid he’ll be late. A. where B. how C. why D. whether ( )7. ---Could you tell me ____? ---She is a student in Eton School. A.where Kate is studying B. how Kate was studying C. why Kate was studying D. when Kate studies ( )8. ---Do you know ____ going to stay in London? ---No, I don’t. Maybe a few days. A. when he is B. how long he is C. when is he D. how long is he B. 句型转换 1. He asked his teacher how he could play the violin well. (改为简单句) He asked his teacher ________ ________ _______ the violin well. 2. Sam asked me, “Do you often ride a bike?”(改为复合句) Sam asked me ______ _______ often ______ a bike. 3. “Does light travel faster than sound?” Tom asked. (改为复合句) Tom asked _______ light _______ faster than sound. XI． 复合句之定语从句 ( )1. The boy ___ lost his bike yesterday is playing soccer with his friends. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose ( )2. The music ___ the band U2 played is very poplar. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose ( )3. This is the room ____ he lived last year. A. when B. where C. which D. why ( )4. This is the best way ____ can help us save money. A. which B. who C. that D. when ( )5. I’ll never forget the day ____ I first come here. A. when B. where C. why D. which XII． 复合句之状语从句 a. when,until, as soon as, if, unless等引导的状语从句，若主句为将要发生的动作时，从句往往用一般现在时。 b. 当主句的时态为过去时的时候，主从句一般要做到时态一致；当然也有例外。 I have been interested in science since I began to learn it. A.单项选择 ( )1. He spoke so quickly ____ no one could follow him. A. which B. after C. as D. that ( )2. We can’t be sure what you want ____ you tell us. A. if B. since C. as soon as D. unless ( )3. ---When will he call you up? ---____ he comes back. A. as soon as B. Since C. Because D. For ( )4. He won’t go to the cinema ____ he’s ill. A. though B. unless C. why D. because ( )5. His father is ____ busy ____ he seldom goes back home. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that ( )6. He is reading ____ his sister is writing. A. after B. while C. because D. as soon as ( )7. ____ you have to stay at home, you’d better go over your lessons. A. Though B. After C. Before D. Since ( )8. Alice will come to my party ____she’s free. A. after B. why C. if D. though ( )9. ---wait a moment, please. He’ll be back in ten minutes. ---All right. I’ll ____here____ he comes back. A. leave; until B. reach; till C. stay; till D. wait for; until ( )10. The man was walking down the street _____ he saw it happen. A. when B. while C. so D. because B. 根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。 1.他很小的时候就会骑自行车了。 He _______ able to ride a bike ______ he _______ very young. 2. 直到我叫他名字，他才看见我。 He ________ ________ me ________ I called his name. 4. 既然你需要这本书，你就拿走吧。 _______you _______ the book, you may _______ it. 5. 天气太热了，以至于我想去游泳。 It is _______ _______ ________ I want to go swimming. 6. 除非下雨，我会跟你一起去的。 I’ll go there with you ________ ________ _______. 7. 如果你有困难，找我帮忙。 _______ you are ________ trouble, ask me _______ _______. 8. 我看电视的时候，我弟弟正在外面打篮球。 My brother was playing playing basketball outside _______ I _________ ________ TV. 9. 他没有听见敲门，因为他正在听收音机。 He didn’t hear the knock at the door _______ he _______ _______ _______ the radio. 10. 如果你不知道这个词的意思，你最好查字典。 _______ you don’t know the meaning of the word, you’d better ______ ______ ______in the dictionary. PAGE 3