人工全髋关节置换术的诊疗规范

人工全髋关节置换术的诊疗规范 人工全髋关节置换术诊疗规范 (一) 适用对象。 1.髋关节骨性关节炎、关节疼痛及活动受限严重影响生活及工作者。 2.类风湿性关节炎、髋关节强直、病变稳定者。 3.股骨头无菌性坏死、股骨头严重变形、塌陷并继发髋关节骨性关节炎者。 4.先天性髋关节脱位或髋臼发育不良，并有明显骨性关节炎，活动受限，疼痛加剧，行走需用双拐者。 5.陈旧性股骨颈骨折，股骨头坏死并发髋关节骨性关节炎者。 6.非创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死，包括特发性、长期服用可的松、酒精中毒、骨腄滑移、减压病、红斑狼疮、镰状细胞贫血等原因引起的股骨头缺血性坏死。 7.关节成形术失败病例，包括截骨术后、头颈切除术、人工股骨头或双杯关节置换术后病例。 8.骨肿瘤位于股骨头颈部或髋臼的低度恶性肿瘤。 行人工全髋关节置换术(ICD-9-CM-3:M81.51)。 (二)诊断依据。 根据《临床诊疗常规-骨科学分册》(中华医学会编著，人民卫生出版社)。 1.病史:慢性病程，髋关节疼痛或活动受限逐渐加重;可有外伤史、肾上腺皮质激素类药物使用史、酗酒既往史，肿瘤病史，手术史，及先天性关节疾病史。 2.体格检查:患髋疼痛、活动受限，跛行步态。 3.辅助检查:X线检查符合髋关节炎并股骨头坏死。 (三)选择治疗的依据。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 根据《临床诊疗常规-骨科学分册》(中华医学会编著，人民卫生出版社)。 1.髋关节炎并股骨头坏死严重影响生活质量及活动水平。 2.股骨头病变终末期，股骨头变形，关节面退变。 3.全身状况允许手术。 (四)治疗方案的选择。 人工全髋关节置换术(ICD-9-CM-3:M81.51)。 (五)诊疗。 1.符合手术适应症。 2.髋关节炎并股骨头坏死终末期，已出现股骨头塌陷变形。 3.当患者合并其他疾病，但住院期间不需要特殊处理也不影响本病治疗的患者。 4.病变影响患者生活质量，患者有改善患髋疼痛及活动度的要求。 (六)手术禁忌证。 1.有严重心、肝、肺、肾病和糖尿病不能承受手术者。 2.髋关节化脓性感染，有活动性感染存在及合并窦道者。 3.青少年、儿童不作此术，或80岁以上者要慎重考虑。 4.因其他疾病估计置换术后病人也不可以下地行走者。 (七)术前准备(术前评估)3-5天。 1.必需的检查项目: (1)术前完成手术风险评估; (2)血常规、血型(ABO 血型+Rh因子)、尿常规; (3)肝功能、肾功能、凝血功能检查、传染性疾病筛查(乙肝、丙肝、梅for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 毒、艾滋病); (4)胸部X线平片、心电图; (5)手术部位X线检查:双髋正位+患髋侧位 (6)相关疾病如心肺等系统疾病，请相关科室会诊; (7)术前备同型血。 2.根据患者病情可选择的检查项目:手术部位CT检查、血沉、CRP、血气分析、肺功能检查、超声心动图、双下肢血管彩色超声等。 3.根据具体情况，预防下肢深静脉血栓形成(参照《中国骨科大手术后静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》)。 (八)预防性抗菌药物选择与使用时机。 1.按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(卫医发〔2004〕285号)执行，并根据患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间。建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素，头孢曲松。 2.术前30分钟预防性用抗菌药物;手术超过3小时加用1次抗菌药物;术中出血量大于1500ml时加用一次。 3.术后5天内停止使用预防性抗菌药物，可根据患者切口、体温等情况适当延长使用时间。 (九)手术日为入院第3-5天。 1.麻醉方式:椎管内麻醉或全身麻醉。 2.手术方式:全髋关节置换术。 3.手术内植物:人工全髋关节假体、螺丝钉。 4.术中用药:麻醉用药、抗菌药。 5.输血:视术中具体情况而定。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet (十)术后住院恢复4-14天。 1.必须复查的项目:血常规、肝肾功能，手术部位X线检查。 2.必要时复查的项目:下肢静脉彩超。 3.术后用药: (1)抗菌药物使用:按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(卫医发〔2004〕285号)执行，并根据患者的病情决定抗菌药物的选择与使用时间。建议使用第一、二代头孢菌素，头孢曲松; (2)术后镇痛:参照《骨科常见疼痛的处理专家建议》(《中华骨科杂志》.2008年1月.28卷.1期); (3)预防静脉血栓栓塞症处理:参照《中国骨科大手术后静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》; (4)其他药物:消肿、支持等。 4.功能锻炼。 (十一)出院标准。 1.体温正常，血常规无明显异常。 2.伤口无感染征象、术口已拆线。 3.术后X线片证实假体位置满意。 没有需要住院处理的并发症和/或合并症。 4. (十二)变异及原因分析。 1.并发症:术中或术后骨折、术后关节脱位、大量出血需输血、深静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞、肺部及泌尿系感染、伤口并发症或假体周围感染等造成住院时间延长和医疗费用增加。 2.合并症:如骨质疏松、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病等，需同时治疗而导致住for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 院时间延长和医疗费用增加。 3.内植物选择:根据患者髋臼及股骨骨质条件选择生物型假体，根据患者 年龄选择不同摩擦界面假体，可能导致住院费用存在差异。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet