中国铁路现在最流行的词语——动车组

中国铁路现在最流行的词语——动车组 中国路在最流行的铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁—— 铁铁铁中国路在最流行的铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁——铁铁铁 2011年07月21日 　　铁铁铁 　　动动动 , 　　 　　 　　 　　,在2007动动动动动动动动动动动动动年中国路第六次大提速广泛运用于中国各路干。和普通火动动动动动动动动动动机车相比,具有双向运行能动动动动动动动动动动力。 　　目动 　　个流行之前,同的事物也被称做“动动动”动动动“动动”“动动”动动动列、机等。 个由国人造出来的在英文中没有明确的,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动最接近的翻动动“Train Set With Power Car”??动动动动动动动动动动动有的列,非常Chinglish(Chinese English ?中国式英,。动动动 　　其是个非常的概念。是按“动动动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力分布方式而命名的,其就是力分散式列。动动动动动动动动动动动 　　力集中式列的引力是机生,力动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动集中于一。具有引力的与无力的拖再动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动加上机,三者合称的合,称。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　把力装置分散安装在动动动动动动动动动动动上,使其既具有每车引力,又可以客,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的客便叫做。而就是几自力 的加几不力的成一,就是。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 力的叫,不力的叫拖。 　　铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁 的成,有多方式 　　 ?由两或两以上的挂成。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　?一和一或数无力的附挂成,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动尾部附挂的末端有台。动动动动动动动动动动 　　?两端,中接一或数无力的附挂动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 。 　　?两端,中接多附挂,但与相动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的附挂中靠近的向架是向架,另一动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　列动动动动动 　　[1] 　　向架无力的式向架,其他附挂动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的向架均无力的式向架。式向动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动架的支承方式是相的两附挂的端部共同支承在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动一个向架上。动动动动动 　　?两一元,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元有一个受弓和司每 机室,列由一个元或数个元成。每动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　?两一元,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元有一个受弓,每 两端的元有司机室,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动列可以有多个中元,每也可没有中元。动动动动 　　?两一元,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元有一个受弓,用每 多个元作中部分,两端挂接有台的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动无力附挂。动动动动动动 　　?一和一附挂一元,由数个元动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动成,但两端均。动动动动 　　?两端各动2,3动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动附挂,最外端有台的附挂,中5动动动。 　　上述成方式中,所有均的全的点动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 是:粘着性能好,装置平均分各,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动根的功率每 可小些,因而重动动动,动动动动动动动动动动动有利于高速运行和路修保,向架形式一,零部件互性高,个装置生故动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动障整列的功率无重大影响。缺点是动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动制造和修理用高,功率耗和噪声都大。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　运用范铁 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动最早只用于支,后来大到地下道客运、城 市市郊快速客运,大城市特快客运。地下道和气化路采动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动用力,非气化的路采用柴油。大动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 城市特快客运速度接近或超动动动动小每200动公里的高速客运列,动动动动动用力动动动动动动 或用燃气。 　　铁铁 铁铁铁 本段中英名照 　　 动动动 Train Set With Power Car 　　 动动动动 列 　　固定列动动动动 Train Set 　　 动动动动动 元化合列MU (Multiple Units) 　　 动动动动动动动动 力元化合列EMU (Electric Multiple Units) 　　 柴油力元化合列动动动动动动动动动 DMU (Diesel Multiple Units) 　　 动动 中国高速路CRH，China railway high speed ,　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动右青四方巴迪制造的EMU790动 目 　　铁铁 铁铁铁铁 本段狭 　　 动 定 　　狭英文名“动动动动”动“MU”“,全称Multiple Units”动“动动动动,意元式合列动”“动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 。元是列中最突出和最核心的概念。 　　元指若干以特定方式挂以特定功能的。而当的“动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动中一也不能再减,称做动动动动“动”动动动动动最小元。某些情况下,元内会有 可以摘除冗余,但多数情况下元就是最小动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 元。最小元一旦被拆散,元用以的功能动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 将消失,或者不再完整。在比罕的情况下,也可动动动动动动动动动动动动动以成元。动动动动 　　元构动动动动 　　方便一动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动描述,可以按照以下方式划步 分元:动动动 　　1. 铁铁铁 制元 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动若干按照一定的合或序挂,挂后 的具完整的制能力。动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　最小制元被打破后,失动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动去制能力。所失制能力,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动即无法下制??个相好,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动拿的拖着或者推着,按方式慢慢走,也有可能无法松解动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动??个就需要的置措施了,在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动抱死的情况下硬拖硬推是相当糟糕的主意。 　　提到个元,也会同提到一列动动动动动动“动动动动动”动动“动动动广??中之未做定的星”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,个争多于公料的特殊列。从已有的照片上看,的拖以动动动动动动动动动 3动动动的倍数出,即0、3、6或9。有有 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动云特采用微机指令直通制。因每此估,列定三拖方能成一个完整的制元。一个动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动可能的方式是其中一装有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动空气机,本和相的两提动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动供制与解的力,而微机指令系动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 又可能在没有机的上。 　　2. 铁铁 自走元 　　 动动动动 列 　　若干按照一定的合或序挂,挂后动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的具有若干个司机室,在本司机室动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动控制下具完整的运行能力。多数情况下,自动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元包含若干个完整的制元,而其中 又以一个自走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 元即一个制元的情况居多。　　最小自走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元被打破后,失去自力运行能力,并可能因制元被破动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 坏而失制能力。　　当前形动CRH1动动动动动的自走元+动拖+动动动,当前形CRH2A动的自走 元动4动动动动动动,拖+动动+动动+动动 拖。　　3. 铁铁 随走元 　　 若干按照一定的合或序挂,挂后动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的在其他中司机室动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动控制下具完整的运行与制能力。多数情况下,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动随走元包含若干个完整的制元,而其中又以一个动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动随走元即动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动一个制元的情况居多。随走元可以不包含司机室,而自走动动动动动动动动动动动动动元在很多情况下也具随走功能。 　　最小随走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元被打破后,失去自力运行能力,并同可能因制元被破动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动坏而失制能力。 　　当前形动“动”白山的4、5、6动动动动动动动动动动号即构成一个随走元, 其自走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 元成非端,也成随走元。　　4. 铁铁铁 运元 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动若干按照一定的合或序挂,挂后 的能用来行运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动任。不同的运方式 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动运元有不同的要求,但运元一般包含若干完整的自行/动动动动制元, 有也动动动动动动动动动 包含随走元。 　　最小运元被打破后,运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动得很不方便,甚至事上无动动动动动动动 法。 　　以当前形动CRH5动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动例,由两个自走元背靠背挂成,每个自走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元各有一个司机室,挂后分位于列两端。列的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动典型运用境要求列到 后无动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动即可立即折返。如果拿掉一个自走动动动动动动动动动动动动动动元,只剩一个司机室,列在向某个方向行必然出动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动司机室在尾的情况,事上无法高速客运的目的。动动动动动 　　5. 铁铁 特殊元 　　 在ICE3动动动型列里,4、5动动动动动动动动动动动动号都是拖,没有力,粹只是与列动动动动动动动动动动动动动动首尾两个自走元兼容的气-动动动动动动动动动动动动动动制元。的元在其他型号/ 系列列中是非常罕的。动动动动动动动动动 铁铁 本段特征　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动在代,数量众多的元式合列都具 以下特征: 　　1. 多个司机室 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动每个司机室都具完全的列操控能力。列至少有两个司机室,一般分布于列两端,在列到向或动动动动动动动动动动动动中途动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动向无。有些列具有更多司机室,可以在中途停站易动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动分解成独立而完整的若干列动 。 　　2. 铁铁铁铁铁铁 完整格一 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动同一系列的列,各尺寸式不会相差太,甚至无法易动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动与本系列之外的挂。个特征在高速列和动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 新型通勤列中尤明。 　　铁铁 铁铁铁铁 本段广 　　 定铁 　　 动动力机车掌管,事也不动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动操心,最多制出点力,随便加一、减两,动“动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动元个概念??是大毫无家都了解、 如此、并且动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动上也被火保持了大半生的特征。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动是列,它和也没什系,毫无疑。 然而,就是有那动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动一些列,和列之有着以 清道明的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动系,又和元式合列不清,于 灰色地。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动它有着某些元式合列的特征, 但又因些特动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动征不是元式合列的本特征, 或者特征动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 承得不完整而偏向于列: 　　列动动动动动 　　特征 　　 1. 动动些列同有多个司机室铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁,特点动动动动动动动动动似元式合列。 　　2. 铁铁铁铁完整一,而且动动动动动动动动动动动动动成运后不会再根据客流流动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动随意改,相固定,由于、管 等接动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动施不兼容,很添加不同系列的, 而且管动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动不兼容可能破坏整列的操控能力。 　　.动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动但是,抛运,从运行、制方面看,技 上中可以相动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动随意地添加同系列的, 或者减少动动动 。 　　3. 像铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁元式合列一无机引车车车,些列的内自动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 力,能提供运行的力。 　　其他明铁铁 　　 .动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动然而些力在中的数量稀少,往往只有数的1/4或更少,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动些力有充斥体大部分空的大机械, 不承动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乘客或物,或者只是象征性地在机 械动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动之后的空位里几拍座位,力在冲 中拆离出来后,只需动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动出力,甚至无理,即具 完整的走行、制等能力。动动动动动 　　合来动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动看,些列形似元式合列而神似列,然而又不格符合元式合列或者列的特动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动征。在国内,些混乱的集合即展意上的,或者是动动动动“动动动动”动“动动动动” 广。也有一些人称之。 　　老外些列的也比动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动混乱,些列中 的力有被称做动动动动动动动动动动“Power Car”动动动动,也有被称做机车“Locomotive”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动。免除麻,国外一般不刻意区分 动动动动动动动动动动动动动“些列与列的区,通称Train Set”动动动动,固定列。 　　铁铁 铁铁铁铁铁铁 本段中国生 　　 2003年6动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动月,道部党明确了推技装代化动动动动动动动 程的新路子。 　　2003年8月23动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动日,道部装代化小召会,研究技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 引目的操作方式与施策略。 　　2003年11月29动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动日,道部部公会通《加快机车动动动动装代化动动动动动动 施要》。 　　2004年4月1动动动动动动动动动动动动日,国院召会研究路机车动动动动动动动装有,形成《研究动动路机车动动动动动动动动“动动动动动动动装有的会引先技要》,明确了、合生、打造中国动动动”动动动动动动动动动动动动基本品牌原,确定重点扶持国内几家机车动动制造 企动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动、引少量原装、国内散件装和国内 生的目运作动动动动动动动动动 模式。 　　2004年7月29动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动日,国家改委与道部合印《大功率交流力机车技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动引与国化施》和《速200动动动动动动动动动公里引与国化动 施方案》。 　　2004年8动动动动动动动动动动动月,道部公招采速200动动动动动动 公里目。　　2005年10动动动动动动动动动动动月,道部公招采速300动动动动动动 公里目。　　2006年7月31动动动动日,国内首列国化速200动动动动动动 公里下。　　2006年9动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动月,路部在胶以及第六次大提速既有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动改造区段了多次全拉通和提速 平推动动动动动动动动动动动动动 ,入运行。 　　2007年2动动动动月,以160动动动动动动动 公里的速投入春运。　　2007年4月18动动动动动动动动动动动动 日,全面上投入运。 　　2008年8月1动动动动动动动动动动动动动动日,投入运的京津是中国首条高速路客运,是中国动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动入高代的志。 　　铁铁 铁 本段展足迹 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动明了,会了。由成的列和 与无力动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动混的列也有了。灵活,加速 能力,有些、列或强动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动混列甚至两都有 司机室,不用的作就能动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动往返运行。方便。酷。完美,No 。 　　早期的各自成动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动体系,不能相互操作,列动动动动动动动动动动动动动中都每要有人操作。然而通勤路九曲十八弯,通勤列又动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动走走停停,即使是丰富的老司机 之的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动配合也免会出差,一旦前猛然减 速而后好动动动 　　动动动 　　[2] 　　加速,又寸到弯道上。…… 　　动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动繁的脱事故使得列只能很小,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动大大扼了灵活的。好在到山前自有路,一来自新型力机 车的技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动??重??碎了展的枷。重,指用特定手段将兼容机的动动动动动动动动动动动动动系在一起,由一个司机室操动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动。最常的手段是用一重接多台同系列机车的操控系动动动或 力系动动动动动动动。由力机车动动动动动动展而来,生于力机车的重动动动动动动技也很快用于列。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动从此,列与无力混的列可以由一个司机全动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动面操控了。从此, 动动动 生了。 　　:动动动1903年7月8 日。 　　地点:德国柏林。 　　:动动动动动+动动动动无力+动动+动动+动动动动无力+动动 。　　无力不会动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动隔断之的系,因它也安装了重。与相,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动准的无力叫动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动从,中文翻拖??尽管有候 它是被着动动动动动动动动动 走或者推着走。 　　8月14动动动动动动动动动动动动动 日,由接触网供的相交流世。　　10月28动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动日,西子公司制造的三相交流行高速,首速 210.2动动动动动动 公里的史性。 　　一动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动束,内燃机始普及,内燃出。 　　二束动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,内燃机也能重了,内燃 出。动动 　　60动动动动动动动动动动年代,日本决心新建高速客运路网,于是有了世界上首列运用高速??动动动动动动动动动动动动新干-0 系。 　　70动动动动动动动动动动动动动动年代,法国制了燃气机高速??TGV-0 。 　　80动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动年代,高速路网在欧洲延伸,掣的各系TGV以300km/h的速度成动动动动动动动动 法国人的傲。 　　90年代,TGV动动速度突破500km/h 。 　　新世动动,TGV动动速度突破570km/h 。 　　然而在大多数合,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动担的都是市内、市郊、 城通动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动勤任。大多数、地以及国外大 多数城列都是。高速列在中只动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动占 很小比例。 　　引用一份来自网动动动动动动动动动的,世界各国/动动动动动动动动动动地区的路系中,使用/动动动最大的日本,动动动动动占87%动动动动动动动动动动,荷、英国次之,分占83%和61%,法国、德国又次之,分动动占22%和12% 。 　　国外主要铁铁铁 　　 日本1964年10动动动动动动动动动动动动月,日本先于其他国家通了世界第一条高速路--动海道新干动(动京--动动新大阪的高速客运)动动动,最高运行速210公里。20动世80动动年代运行于京--动动动动动动动博多路上的列由0动动系成100动动动动动系。100动系动动动由12动动动和4动动拖(动动动动动其中双客两)动动动动动动成,拖加装了流制,最高速动动动动动动动230公里。1992动动动动动动动动动动年,日本公司始超高速,动动动动动动动动取名STAR21动动动动动动动动型,意21动动动动动世用的速350公里高动动动动动动 豪列。 　　法国 动动动动动动动动动动动动法国高速路上采用的在车引动力上的布置与日本不同。日本是力分散式,而动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动法国是力集中式,只在列两端的(动动动动或与相的客的一端动动动动)装有车引动动动动力装置。法国第一条路(动动动动动巴黎南新干)于1972年动动动工,1983年投入运用。运用TGV-PSE动动动动动动动,最高运行速270公里。在巴黎南新动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动干通后,法国大高速路,1990动年大西洋新干(巴黎--动动勒芒、)动动动动正式通,采用TGV-A动动动动动动动,最高运行速300公里。 　　德国 1962“”动动动动动动动动年德国研制的莱茵金子号客的构造速已达160公里,1974年ET403动动动动动动动动动动动动型的最高运行速160公里,1977动动年提高到速200公里。1985年制造出ICE动动动动型高速列,并在1988动动动动年速达到406?9公里的速度。动动动动动1989动动动动动动动动动年,德国始正式制造第一代ICE动动动动高速列,并于1990年投入使用。在今年8月1动动动动动动动动动日,德国第三代力分散型高速列ICE3,正式投入法动克福--动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动科隆新型高速路的商运,最高速达到300 公里。　　俄斯俄斯动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动采用在既有路上提高旅客列速度,使路的步逐改造和 机车动动动的更新同行的方步法。1984年3动动动动动动月,高速列正式投入运用,采用了快速,平均运行速动动动动动动动动动动动动140动动动动公里,有两个区速达200公里。意大利意大利在 20动世70动动动动动动年代中期投入运用了式体的ERT401型 的客,最高运行速动动动动动动动动动160公里,180公里,20动世80动动动动年代最高速达到200公里。1988年,1989动动动动动年始在米--动动、威尼斯--动动动动动之采用ETR450动动动动动动动动动动动型式列,最高运行速250 公里。 　　瑞典 瑞典的X2000动动动动动式由BombardierTransportation制造,运行于斯德哥摩动动--动哥德堡之457动动动动动动动动动动动公里的路上。主要特点是通动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动弯道的速度比普通列提高40%动动动动动动动 ,并以此来短运。　　铁铁 铁 本段分 　　 动动动动动 按照拖比分 　　列中,有力的所承的重与无力动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 的所承的重之比称拖比。列拖比小于动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动1:3动动力集中,小于1:1但不小于1:3动动动动动动动动动动动弱力分散,等于和大于1:1动动动动动动强力分散。当列中,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力全部均有力、力数与非力每 数相同且动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动重接近的情况下,可以用力数量 与非力数之比动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 粗略算拖比。 　　是最常的分方式。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动需要注意的是, 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动个分方式也同力分散例子强是一台适用于列。一个比极端的 132吨机车与两动55动动动动动动动动 吨合的。 　　力集中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动系非常少,目前已知只有德国ICE1的2动动12动动动拖和中国“”新曙光的2动动9动动动动动动动动动动动动动拖,前者曾用于城特快, 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动用于途直达班次,后者被不科学地用于 城路。动动动动 　　弱动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力分散系相多,多用于城和中途路。法国的TGV、德国的ICE1-2动动10动动动 拖 　　动动动 　　和ICE2、美国的Acela、瑞典的X2000“动”“动”“动、中国的中之、星箭、神州”动动动动动动动动 等大多数推挽、推拉式都是。 　　力分散强动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动系最常,多用于通勤合, 但也常用于城和中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动途路。地与中的、 日本的新干各动动动动动动动系、法国的AGV、TGV-V150、德国的ICE3“”、中国的春城、“动”“”“动”先、中原之星、白山以及CRH 系列均属此列。 　　按照用途分动 　　目前,大多数动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动型号和数量的都被用于 客运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动域。少量被用于运。有极少一 部分用于道等特动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 殊用途，如,。 　　按照力燃动动动动动动动动 料分 　　按力装置可分柴油、燃气动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动和力三。力按流制又分直流 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力和交流力两。柴油按方 式又分机动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动械、液力和力 三。燃气按方式又分力和动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动液力两。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动蒸汽之无法控,所以 到目前动动动动动动动动动动 止没有蒸汽。 　　符合狭定的力,英文名“动动动动”动动动动动动动动动动动动“Electric Multiple Units”动动动“,写EMU”动“动动动”,在繁体中文地区多被称,日文称“动动” 。 　　符合狭定的内燃,日文称“动动动动”动动动动“动动动”动 气。 　　符合狭定“动动动动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动且燃料柴油的内燃, 英文名动“Diesel Multiple Units”动动动“,写DMU”动,在繁体中文地区多被称“动动” 柴。 　　汽油动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动存在,但尚不能肯定汽油存在。 　　附挂按作用分动动动动动动 　　的附挂按作用分有力的，向架上装有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动车引动动动机,和无力的以及无力但一端有台的三。动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　铁铁 铁铁 本段特点与区 　　 概述 　　就动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动原理来,不比列更有,反而增加了和上的麻动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动。但在用中,具体型与具体用境的恰当合能有动动动动动动——动动动动动动动动动列不具的当然巨大,也有配置与脱的失。具体到中国,一动动动动动动动动动动动动、爬坡般具有加速能力能力、向强强方便等点。动动动 　　加速能力强 　　个点来动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动源于大的拖比。做同重量 折算,在功率充足和功率出动动动动动动动动动动动动动控制合理的情况下,拖 比越大,列可的引力动动动动动动动动动动动 越大。 　　在中国,常的客运列一动动动动动动动动动动动动动般是一台机引车车车大客,动动动动动机车88吨或132动动动吨,客880吨~1100动动动动动动动动动动动动吨,力集中,拖比非常小,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动致列可引力很小,而多力分散, 即使偶有力集中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动型号,其拖比仍然大于的大客运列。同动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动致两个特征:加速能力更强。 　　加速能力,列出强动动动动动动动动动动动动动动站或通限速行区段后能在短动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动内恢到正常运速度,个点能来 一系列好。动动 　　于动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乘客,意味着最高限速相同的 在同的运行里能动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动停靠更多站,方便出行,或者在 　　列动动动动动 　　[3] 　　路动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动良莠不旅行比大客更短。 　　于度部,意动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动味着列起、加速附加动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动少,更容易度,更容易提高路的运 用效率。 　　于生动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动厂家,意味着不必了保列平均速度而拼命提高列最高 允动动——动动动动动动动动动动动动动动同速度的独木省了造成本和修路成本。 　　铁“铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁”铁 区:个点是和不分合的。 　　 动动动动动动动动动小的列、双机引车车车的列和某些双动动动动动动动动动机引车车车的列动动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动同可以入弱力分散域,有高的平 地加速能力。在国外比常,只是在国内比动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动少动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,没有普遍意。也,某通勤路某天曾使用DF11G车引三动 22动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动型客,力分散,但情况出属强于得 更动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动罕。所以在国内,个点几乎成 的利。动动动 　　爬坡能力强 　　个特动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动征在上以特征中已附提及,同来源于大的拖比。力分散列在功率强动动动动动动动动动动动动动充足的情况下能在2%动动动动动动动动动动动的坡道上仍然能保持准 高速甚至高速运行的能力,而弱动动动动动动动上力分散去,力集系只能小碎步 中系甚至起动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动都很困,启了也只能慢慢往前步蹭。 　　中国入动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力分散,的高速列都是强强悍的 爬坡能力和坡道保速能力高速路的提动动动动动动动动动动动动动动供了极大便 利,能有效降低动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动路修建与成本。中国列和 自主研动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的均因拖比或功率不足而不具 在大动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动坡度路上以高速或准高速通的能 力,所以一市由靠动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 技和合技填。 　　铁“铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁”铁 区:个点不是和不分合的。 　　 动台机车的拖比一动动动动动动般是1:0动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,力超分散,。多台强爬坡能力最机拖车动少量机车,也具动动动动动动动动动动动动动很的爬坡能力。而在日本某且强坡度大的路上,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动即使是,也需要加挂 动动动动动动动动动动动动动 机。只是的情况不具代性。 　　向便利动动动动 　　中国的列,运中的向动动动动动动动动动“动动动动是站停步-摘除前端机车-列尾重新挂上机车-动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动再次出。而,只要仍然保持在正常的成运状动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,列两端个司机室每必然由司机室, 都可以操控整列上的力与制,向只动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动需要司机前往列另一端的司机室。动动动动动动动动动动动动动省掉了机车动动动动动动动动作的,从而步省了动动动动动动动动动动动动动动向,也减少了站路被机车动动动动动动动动动占用的,降低了因摘、挂事故动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 致人身害的几率。 　　铁“铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁铁”铁 区:个点是和不分合的。 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动列也可以做到一点。列两端都挂上机,或者一端挂车机而另外车一端挂司机室的动动动动动动动动 控制 　　动动动动动动 乘 　　,再用重通整列,两端的司机室都动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 能操控整个列的运行于制能力,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动即可向不 摘挂。但国内不存在运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动模式,所以运中向不 摘挂在国内只是的利。动动动动动动动 　　豪动动动动动动动 ,舒适,高速 　　是最大的动动动动动动动动 区。 　　用最多的合是市内和近郊通动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动勤, 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动列的核心价是用可接受的速度和舒适 度运送大量乘客。豪动动动动动动动动动动动动动动、舒适来自高消档次列, 与没有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动必然系。目前国内某些媒体大力宣的,尤其是CRH系列, 属于高消动动动动动“动动动动”动动动档豪次高速列,大、舒适众生了、高速的。 　　铁铁 铁铁铁 本段中国 　　客铁铁铁铁铁铁 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动是中国最大的地方性准气化路网,修建于动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动期,运至今。早期运行在其上的客运列 动动动动动 是在中国可以追溯到的最早的。 　　客早动动动动动动动动动动动动动期运M+T+T+T+T+M动动动动动动动,属于弱力分散列。按照在的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动眼光看,的列并不很适合通勤。但 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的运速度,也很低,即使列加速能力不强那 足以在短动动动动动动动动动动 内加到运速度。 　　目前正在运行的主型动动动动动动动动动动客均似国的30/31动动动动动动动动型客,前似DF4D动动动动动动动动动动动动,但仍然由少量翻修后的老行。由于客流萎目前动动动动动动动动动动动动动动客新主要形式减M+T+T或M+T动动动动动动,末端拖有和相似的前和司机室,动动动动动动动动动动动老M+T+T+M。自90动动动动动年代一列有流形前的客加动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 入后,不再有新的客加入。 　　近年,部分列被重动动“动” 和新涂装,前安装号了三个大字。　　2009年7月1动动动动动动动 日,停运。 　　NC3铁铁铁 动动动 　　NC3动动动动动内燃,于1962动动年从匈牙利口8动动动,交付原北京内燃机段使用,担当北京到天津的客运任动动动,到1975年5动动动动动动月全部到州路局。 　　1987动动动 年全部。 　　和铁铁铁铁铁 号 　　 动动动动动动“动”动动动中国路第六次大提速上运行的名称和号。原名CRH系列,CRH 是China Railway High-speed动动动动动动动动动动动动，中国路高速,的写,目前有CRH1,CRH5动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动几型号。些型号分从日本、德国、法国等国引先技,并消化吸收及国化,成动动“动动动”动动动动动动动具有我国自主知的品系列。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动道部副兼运局局曙光,在思考 名称的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动候主要考了几个因素:首先是人与 自然的和。是一个能的、保的,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动境 影响非常小的一高动动动动动动动动技的机车。再一个,它本身是一动动动动动动技上的动动动动动动动动动动动动,在,个大是12个省的120动动动动动动多各企直接参与,所以它是人与人之的一和的物、和的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动晶, 技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动上的晶。最后,它也是我路人一 美好的寄托。 　　新的列动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乘工作模式也有很大化。列 上只配一，列,、一，列,、两名动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动配餐和 两名保,动动动动动”动动动列于乘工作要求更高效有序。和号18动动动动动日行。新型 列的动动动“动”动动动动动动动动和首次高速运行,不号乘坐列的乘客生了巨大的影响,也动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乘坐普通列的旅客提出了以下 需要注意的事:动动 　　第一,乘坐“动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动和号列,有的售票窗口、候室、通道和站台。因此无是和动动动“动”动动动“动”动动动动动动动动号列票是乘和坐号列,都到的 窗口或是其他地点行,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 切莫因此乘。 　　第二,上下早做动动动“动”动动动动动动动动动动和准号。列高速运行,在 中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动途站停留短,一般在省会城市停2动动动动动动动动动分,在其他城市停1分动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动。上下乘客尽早做好准,及上下。不 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,上乘客也不必担心身体尚未全部入, 列动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动即已高速行。因只有乘客完全入、 列自完全后,列动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 才会行。 　　第三,抽烟被禁止。出于健康与安全的考动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,尽管部分列在生有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的吸烟,但目前包括南路局、上海路局等在内的多数路局都禁止乘客在和“动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动号列上吸烟。考到列中途停靠 站点动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动太短,路部提醒乘客不要中途到 站台上抽烟,以免动动动 。 　　第四,使用早动动“动”动动动动动动动动动和知道。号列四角每各置1动个破窗和逃生窗,在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动急情况下,乘客可以打破窗上 的粘盖和胶皮扣,用力向上向外拉动动动动动动动动动动动动,利用子破靠破窗动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的第一个窗逃生。此外,位于七号的多 功能室动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动供乘客生病等特殊情况下急使用, 其余不动动动动动动动动动动动动动 得入或者改作他用。 　　第五,向动动动动“动”动动动动动动动动动动动窗和外抛号物危列全大。由于封,一点主要是其他列动动动“动”动动动动动动动动动动动动动动和号乘客而言。尽管列窗采用特殊材制成,一般不容易被动动动“动动”碎后被打,即便遭遇、碎石等近地面物体的碎,一般也不会划动“动”动动动动动动动动动乘和客的手脚。但一旦号与普通列会被普通列 内扔出的啤酒瓶、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动条等重物中,有可能两列列 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乘客均造成害。乘客主将垃圾和弃物放 至垃圾桶内或交乘动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 ,切莫向窗外抛物。 　　第六,新动动动“动”动动动动动动和行,部分旧号停运。随着列的行以及全国路第六次大提速,部分动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动旧的列要由 于提速更改了站点停靠或地点,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动要由于有了新的 替代列或因缺动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乏争力而停运。因此,乘客在18动动动动日后乘坐火出行之前,一定要了解动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动列新的行、停靠站点等 相事。动动动动 　　铁铁 充事 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票地点不同,持站台票不能上,上不票。当 日动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票,到用服区,如果提前 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票,需到火站售票大。同,列 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动禁超,票与座都是一一,列上不售火 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票,也不能持站台票上。意味着,以往先站台 票上、到上再动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票的乘坐方式,在行 不通。 　　动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票有效期,只限当日当次。由于 速度快、乘动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动短,列的票有效期与其它 列动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票不同。列票当日当次有效, 而其他火动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票有效期从指定乘日起至有效期最后一日的24动动动动止算。此外,列行动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动李的要求也比格,旅客携品、、高相加不超130动动动动动厘米,而其它列不超160 厘米。 　　高速动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票价的具体制由各路局自己确 定,道部只定动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票价打折的下限,如不得低于已公布票价的6动动动动折。行的第一天,上海至北京、哈动动动动动动至北京等D动动动动动动动动动字列的票价,已动动动动动动动 是相当于公布 　　和动动动动动 号 　　票价的7.3动动动 折售。 　　特动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动殊群体惠幅度不同,学生只售 二等动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票。于学生票,列只售二等座,票价全价的75%。此外,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动残人凭革命残人、因公致残的人 民警察凭人民警察残恤动动动动动动动动动动动动动动乘坐列享受50%动动惠。儿童与其他列的定一,动动动动动1.2至1.5动动动动动动动米之的一名成人儿童享旅受半客价,每可免动动动动动动动动动动携一名身高不超1.2动动动动动动动动动米的儿童,超一名,超的人 数动动动动动动动 儿童票。 　　在公布的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票价,是道部按照原国家委在1997动动动年制定的相票价政策。中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动途区二等,一般按新空旅客列 硬动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动下票价行,一等可在此基上加25%动动动动动。已公布的各票价,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动上是最高上限。行中,各路局可根据不同季 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 、不同区段、不同,市情况行打折票价。 　　动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动票可理改,推乘的当在 站售票的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动售期内。持直通票的旅客在中站 要求乘动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动列,需要交区的列票 价与原票票价差动动动动动。【速380动动动动动公里已于2010年5月27动 日我世】国已动动动动在速200动动动动动动动动动动动动公里的技平台上自主新研制速300动动动动公里。08年底,国内首列速动动300动动动动动动动动动动公里世。些速300动动动动动动动动动动公里国化率将达到80%动动动动动动动动动动动以上,未来将在京津、武广、京等客运上投用,成动动动动动动动动动动动动我国高速客运的主力型。我国将速250动动动动动动动动公里的式,速250动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动公里的和特,并且研制出速350公里的超高速 动动动 。 　　铁铁 本段批量出口 　　出口澳大利铁 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动春道客股份有限公司近日与澳大利EDIRail动动公司署EDI动动双道客目,合同动动动动动动动动动动金3.1动动动动动动动动动美元。是迄今止我国机车动动动动行最大的出口动动动动动动动动动动目,也志着我国的机车动动动动动动动动动 将首次入达国家。　　据动动动,2010动动动动动动动年我国列将达700动 。 　　2010年5月27动动动动日,中国自主研的速380动“动公里新一代高速列和号”380A动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动首在中国南集青四方公司竣工下。350动动动公里速高动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动之后,中国路再一次刷新了世界路的最高 运行速。动动动 　　2009年3月16动动动动动动动动动动动动日,中国道部与中国北署了研 制新一代高速的合同。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动此前,北集曾先后制造出速250公里和350公里的高速列。中国动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动北客股份公司在一年后 完成了新一代高动动动动动动动动 首的研制。 　　和“动动”号380A动动动动动持运速350动动动公里,最高运速380动公里,最高动动动速将超400动动动动动动动动动动动动公里,也是目前世界上速度最快 的高动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动品。按照中国南集与道部的合同,款将先研制100 列。　　出口铁铁铁铁 来西 　　 2011年7月7动动动动动动动动动动动动日,昨天,者从中国南集悉,228动动动最高速140公里的将出动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动口来西,成首都吉隆坡中 心的城运动动动动动动动 主力。 　　动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动笔是我国迄今数量最大的出口 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,目前首列已在南株机公司竣工下。列按照来西1动动动米距动动动动动动动动动动动动,相比国同型,列体重3动吨,年可每省2动动动万度。另外刹能能动动动动动动动回率95%动动动动动动动以上,意次停味着可生每40动动动动动度回网。 　　吉隆坡是来动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动西全国交通枢,也是公共交 通出行比重最高的大都市。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动吉隆坡城站距短的特 点,列具有高动动动动动动动动动动动动启加速度功能,50动动秒内可迅速加速到速100动动动公里。目动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动全部投入运后,吉隆坡城列隔将由30动动动动分短7.5动分,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动当地市民出行来极大便利。另外,列采用 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动机技,能在大客流情况下确保乘客 安全。 　　南动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动株机公司来西城目造了全 球最快的响速度,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动从到首列下用12动动动动动动个月,两年内228 动动 将全部交付。[4] 　　其他 　　 1.“动动”动动 摩托化列　　2.“动动”动动 快列 　　3.动动动 广深无名 　　4.160kmh动动动动动 内燃式　　5.KTT动动动动 　　6.北海号NYJ1动动动 型内燃　　7.动动 北号 　　8.动动动动 春城号昆明 　　9.动动动动动动动 大白高速 　　10.动动动动动动动 和城号 　　11.动动动动动动动动动 金号双内燃　　12.动动 晋号 　　13.动动 号 　　14.动动动动动动动 山号双内燃　　15.动动动动动 普天号内燃式　　16. 神州号 　　17.动动 先号 　　18.动动新速X2000动动动 号　　19. 新曙光号 　　20.动动动动 白山号 　　21.动动动动动动动动 中之星，已解体,　　22. 中原之星 　　铁铁 铁铁铁铁铁 本段中国技 　　 一. 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动我已掌握了世界先成熟的路机车动动动动动动制造技。法国阿动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动斯通、日本川崎重工、加拿大巴迪、德国西子、美国GE、EMD等公司,都是世界著名的路动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动技装制造企,他有当今世界一流的速200公里及以上和大功率力、内燃机制造动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动技。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动苦努力,我成功了些技的引,使 我国路装动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 技一下子身世界先行列。 　　二. 动动动和大功率机车的核心技已动动动动动动动动动动动动我所有。高速 的成、动动动动动动动动动动体、向架、车引动流、车引控制、车引动动、车引动动动机、列网动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动控制和制系等核心技,大功率力机车的成、动动动动动动动动体、向架、主动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动器、网控制、主流器、装置、车引动动动动动机、制系等核心技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,大功率内燃机的柴油机、主 机、交流动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动控制等核心技,以及大量的配套 技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,我已掌握。运用些技生的速200动动动动动动动公里及以上和大功率机车的国化率可动动动动动动达到70% 以上。 　　三. 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动了低成本引。我引的和大功率机车技动动动动,价格比其他国家低得多,比动动动动动动动动西班牙低14%动动动、比国低20%,6动大功率机车比欧洲同动动动动动动动动品市价格低44%动动动动动动动动动动。之所以能取得高的性价比,主要是我动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动充分利用了中国路巨大的市,以及在 道部主动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动下国内各企的合,再加上采取了灵活 的动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动判四策略,了国家利益的最大化。. 加快了我国机车动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动制造工代伐。在次大化模的技引中,国内共有十多家步机车动动 重 　　动动动 　　[5] 　　点制造企动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动和几百家外企直接从中受益,了机车动动制造水平的跨越,增强了市动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动争力,有力地推了我国相民 族工动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的展壮大。在些重点制造企中, 春动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动道客股份有限公司受阿斯通公司的技,已制造生出了CRH5型动动动,四方机车动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动股份有限公司受日本川崎重工的技,制造生CRH2型动动动动动动,青BSP动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动公司受加拿大巴迪公司的技,制造生CRH1动动型动,唐山机车动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动厂受德国西子公司的技,制造生CRH3动动动动型,大动机车动动动动动动动动动动动动公司受日本芝公司和美国EMD动动动动动动公司的技,生和3型大功率力动动机车与和动动动动动动动动动动动动动动型大功率内燃机,大同力机车公司受动动动动动阿斯通公司的技动动动动动动,生和2D动动型大功率力机车,株洲动动力机车公司受动动动德国西子动动动动动动动动动动动动公司的技,生和2Z动动型大功率力机,车戚墅堰机车动动动动动厂受美国GE动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动公司的技,生和型大功率内燃机。永机厂、株洲机车动动研究所和道动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动科学研究院等企,也受了先的车引动机、车引和动动动动动动助流器、车引控制系动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动等技,形成了我国路新的机车动动动动动动 制造群。 　　五.动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动是再新工作已取得重要展。方面, 正在全力推动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动大、等自主新工作,同在速200公里的技动动动动动动动动动动动动动动平台上,自主新研制的速300动动动动动动动动动公里即将下,将在京津、武广、京动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动等客运上投用,成未来我 国高速客运的主力动动动动动动型。大功率机方车面,在6动动功率7200动动千瓦的技平台上,正在动动动动施车引动流器、车引动动动动动动动动动机、体、向架以及整集成动动动动动动动动动动动技的自主新,机车动功率可提高到9600动动动千瓦,成未来车引动物列的动动动动动动动 主力机型。 　　铁铁 铁铁铁铁铁 本段中国管理 　　 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动按照中人民国和国道部布的《路技管理程》，2007年4月1日起施动动动动动动动的版本,第146-149动动动动动动动动 条之定,解如下: 　　按动动动动车引动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力方式分内燃和力,按 力配置方式分力集中方式和力分散式。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　有:路动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动徽、配属局段称、 型、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动号、定、最高运行速度制造厂名及 日期。动动 器 　　列动动动动动 　　化区段运行的,有动动动动“动动”动动动 气化区段禁攀登的。 　　行以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动走行公里主的定期修,修 周期及技准动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 按道部修程行。 　　有修、运用动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动基地,根据需要 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动修、修、供停放的、又相 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动向架、下、上及行、修和清 洗作。动动 　　日常运用的整、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动清、和排作在 运用基地完成。 　　铁铁 铁 本段路第六次提速 　　 动动动动动动动路第六次大面提速于2007年4月18动动动日零点起正式付施。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动次大面提速,无是广泛性是先性, 都是以往动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动次提速所不可比的。在前5动动动动动动动动动次提速路运能力逐步提升的基动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动上,次提速客运能力将分再增加18%和12%以上,特是在动动动动动动动动动动动主要干行速200动动动动动动动动动公里及以上、大面行5000动动吨物列和一大动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动批先技装投入运用,志着 我国路既有提速动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动水平已身世界先行列。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动在中国路展史上是一个重要的里程碑, 推动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动我国路代化建、促国民又好又 快动动动动动动动动动动动动 展必将生极的影响。 　　铁铁 铁铁铁 本段相 　　 动 最通俗的解 　　是城和市郊路小、大动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动密度的 高效运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动工具,以其灵活、方便、快捷、 安全,可靠、舒适动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动特点受世界各国路运和城 市道动动动动动动动动动动 交通运的青。 　　使用的比重以日本最大,动动动动动动动动动动动动动占87%动动动动动动动动动动,荷、英国次之,分占83%和61%动动,法国、德国又次之,分占22%和12%动动动动动动动动。称得上是路旅客运的生力。动动动动动动 　　我动动动动动动动动通常看到的力机车和内燃机,其力装置都集中安装在动动动动动动动动动动动动动机上,在车机车后面挂着多没有力装置的客。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动如果把力 装置分散安装在上,使其既具有每动动动车引动动动动动动动力,又可以客,的客便叫做。而就是几自力的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动加几不力的成一,就是。力 的叫,不力的叫拖。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 　　德国是最早制造和运用的国动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动家,制造技一直先。1903年7月8日,首先运行了由动动动动动动动动动动供的,由4动动动和2动动动动动动动拖成。同年8月14日,又运行了由接触网供动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的,是世界上第一列由 接触网供动动动动动动动动动动动动动的相交流。同年10月28动动动动动动日,西子公司制造的三相交流行动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动了高速,首速210.2动动动动动动 公里的史性。　　有两动动动动动动车引动动动动动动动动动动力的分布方式,一叫力分散,一 叫力集中。动动动动动 　　力分散的点是动动动动动动动动动动动动,动动动动动动动动力装置分布在列不同的位置上,能大的引力动动动动动动动动动,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动灵活。由于采用力制的多,制效率高,动且速性能好,制减速度大动动动动动,动动动动动动动动动适合用于限速区段多的路。另外,列中一的动动动动动动动车引动动动动动动动动动动力生故障全列的车引指影响不大。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动力分散的的缺点是:引力的数量多,动动动动动重量大。力集中的也有其点,力装置集中安装在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动2,3动动上,动动动动动修比方便,气的重动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动量小于力分散的。 力集中布置的缺点是的重大动动动动动动动,动动 路不利。 　　的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动技展主要表在功率、速度和舒 适性的提高、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动位功率重量的降低以及子技的 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动用等方面。今后将不断展,特是世界 各国正在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动展市郊路与地下道互通,构成 城市高速路动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动网,在其中将会起到主力的 作用。 　　常的有日本动动动动动动动动动动动动动动新干,德国ICE,法国TGV,欧洲之星,西班牙AVE,瑞典X2000,美国ACELA,中国CRH动动动动动动动动、和号、箭、中原之星、中之动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动……动星、新曙光、先号、白山号、春城号 局动动 特声明:车车车车 1车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车:料来源于互网,版属原作者 2车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车车:料内容属于网意,与本号立无 3车车车车车车车车车车车:如有侵,告知,立即除。