非绿柱石铍矿生产工业氧化铍工艺研究 水口山有色金属有限责任公司

非绿柱石铍矿生产工业氧化铍研究 水口山有色金属有限责任公司 高氟铍矿生产工业氧化铍工艺研究 水口山有色金属有限责任公司六厂 成泉辉 摘要: 本文介绍了各种复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍的工艺方法，特别 是高氟铍矿生产工业氧化铍的几种方法，对开发利用多种铍 矿资源，满足军工和市场对铍产品的需要具有积极的意义。 关健词:铍矿 矿石分解 焙烧脱氟 碱溶水解 1、前言 近年来，由于用来生产工业氧化铍的绿柱石块矿日趋短缺，为了满足铍产品市场和军工产品对铍材的需要，必须寻找替代绿柱石块矿的其他铍矿资源。为此，我们对一些复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍的工艺进行了大量研究，使工业氧化铍及其他铍产品的生产得以持续和发展。这些复杂铍矿石主要有:日光榴石[(MFZ)BeSiOS,Helvine],nen864242硅铍钇矿[YFeBe(SiO)O,Gadolinite]，俄罗斯硅铍石矿2422 [BeSiO(OH),Bertrandite]，加拿大似晶石[BeSiO,Phenacite]，高氟427224 绿柱石浮选粉矿，郴州金绿宝石(BeAlO,Chrysobryl)和香花石24 [CaLiBeSiO(F,OH)]及塔菲石(BeMgAlO)等。 3233122441632 复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍要解决的主要是两个方面的问:一是矿石分解的问题。首先只有用合适的方法把矿石中的铍分解成易溶于酸的铍，工业氧化铍的提取过程才能进行。不同种类的矿石由于成份和结构不同，分解方法也有所差别。大多数铍矿都必须通过高温溶融implementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectification category. In-depth summary of good practices and good experience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the rectification, to prevent repeated rebound, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again. The theoretical results, continuously consolidate and deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results, practical results. Three, the main problems and rectification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the commitment rectification measures to build long-term mechanism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according to the list of issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass line of educational activities, focus on the implementation of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve their own problems, focus on building a political firm, pioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unity, harmony, strong collective leadership (a honest and clean.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying out the democratic centralism of the party. The party will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production and internal functional components in the labor bureau held a bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capital spending No, strictly implement the decision procedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations, the meeting decided the working principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all members of the leadership team, in the global consultation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual, but by the executive sure, the lack of democracy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation to personal adjustment and the functional group work, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their views and opinions, or dare to express their views, the crowd, the lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres are too strong Adjust the local and local interests, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interests and local interests, in the implementation of the decision and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do such a backlash and cope with the negative 分解，才能使铍转化成易溶于酸的氧化铍，只有少数铍矿石(如硅铍钇矿)可以直接用硫酸分解。铍矿石高温熔融分解的原则是使炉料中硅钙铝的氧化物达到一定的比例。在高温熔炼时，改变其矿石的结晶构造，使铍变成易溶于酸的钙铍硅化合物。不同种类的复杂铍矿，都可以根据其成份增配钙或硅熔炼，达到很高的铍的转化率。 二是杂质分离问题。铍矿石中的杂质可分为三类。一类是常规的大量的杂质，如铝、钙、铁、硅等。这些杂质本身不存在分离困难问题，只是不同种类的矿石中含量不同而已。二类是难以分离的杂质，如磷，必须用特殊的工艺方法分离。三类是导致铍铝共沉淀的杂质，如氟。氟是工业氧化铍冶炼过程中最有害杂质，在酸性条件下，氟极易与铝形成稳定的氟铝络合物，致使蒸发结晶除铝过程中铝不能完全形成铝铵钒结晶出来，在中和除铁铝过程中也不能完全生成氢氧化铝沉淀出来，而在沉淀氢氧化铍过程中，随着溶液PH值上升，氟铝络合物的稳定性下降而生成氢氧化铝与氢氧化铍一起沉淀出来，使产品工业氧化铍含铝严重超标。另一方面，当溶液中氟达到一定浓度后还会与铍形成络合物，使铍不能被氨水完全沉淀出来而影响铍的回收率。 由于大部分复杂铍矿都是从含有大量萤石的原矿中浮选出来的，而且有的高氟铍矿本身就含有氟(如香花石)，所以这些铍矿石含氟都很高。因此如何脱除铍矿石中的氟或消除氟对工业氧化铍冶炼过程的影响，是复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍工艺研究的重点和难点。我们通过大量的试验，分别用火法和湿法对复杂铍矿脱氟工艺进行了比较仔 entatof issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass line of educational activities, focus on the implem nism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according to the listterm mecha-ification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the commitment rectification measures to build longnd deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results, practical results. Three, the main problems and rectate and, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again. The theoretical results, continuously consolidexperience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the rectification, to prevent repeated rebou depth summary of good practices and good-tion category. Inimplementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasion and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do such a backlash and cope with the negativee deci, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interests and local interests, in the implementation of ththe lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres are too strong Adjust the local and local interestsowd, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their views and opinions, or dare to express their views, the cr acy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation to personal adjustment and the functional group work,democrltation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual, but by the executive sure, the lack of rking principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all members of the leadership team, in the global consuthe woedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations, the meeting decided bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capital spending No, strictly implement the decision proceld a will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production and internal functional components in the labor bureau han.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying out the democratic centralism of the party. The party nd clepioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unity, harmony, strong collective leadership (a honest aion of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve their own problems, focus on building a political firm, 2 细的研究，取得较为满意的结果，为复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍提供了比较理想的工艺。 2、各种复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍工艺简述 2(1日光榴石 与绿柱石相比日光榴石含锰、铁、锌较高，通过合适的配矿熔炼后，日光榴石可按现有硫酸法生产工业氧化铍，因为锰在蒸发结晶时可部分生成铵钒与铝一起除去，由于二价锰开始沉淀PH值较高(7.8)，在铍的沉淀PH范围内极少沉淀，氢氧化铍通过水洗后含锰完全可以达到要求。锌用氨水中和沉淀时生成锌氨络合物留在沉淀废液中，铁是常规杂质，都不存在影响质量的问题。 2(2硅铍钇矿 硅铍钇矿用硫酸直接分解浸出后，用硫酸复盐沉淀出稀土，溶液中和除铁后，再加草酸进一步分离中重稀土，然后可以用氨水沉淀出合格的氢氧化铍，硫酸稀土复盐用氢氧化钠转化成稀土氢氧化物，与草酸稀土都可作中间产品销售或进一步提炼。 2(3加拿大似晶石 加拿大晶似晶石含铍高，不含难以分离的杂质，只要用合适的配矿方法配矿熔炼，使铍都转化成易溶于酸的结构后，便可按现有硫酸法流程生产出工业氧化铍。 2(4高氟铍矿 高氟铍矿包括俄罗斯硅铍石矿(F/BeO 100%)，高氟绿柱浮选粉 nal functional components in the labor bureau held a bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capiinter ut the democratic centralism of the party. The party will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production andrmony, strong collective leadership (a honest and clean.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying oty, hair own problems, focus on building a political firm, pioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unie of educational activities, focus on the implementation of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve theo the list of issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass linterm mechanism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according t-tment rectification measures to build longcommipractical results. Three, the main problems and rectification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the . The theoretical results, continuously consolidate and deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results,rectification, to prevent repeated rebound, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again depth summary of good practices and good experience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the-category. Intion implementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasuch a backlash and cope with the negativend local interests, in the implementation of the decision and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do ests as are too strong Adjust the local and local interests, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interopinions, or dare to express their views, the crowd, the lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres and to personal adjustment and the functional group work, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their viewvidual, but by the executive sure, the lack of democracy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation indimembers of the leadership team, in the global consultation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual consultations, the meeting decided the working principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all alism,tal spending No, strictly implement the decision procedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centr3 矿(F/BeO 20~30%)，郴州金绿宝石和香花石(精矿F/BeO 60%左右)。高氟铍矿是现在乃至今后铍矿石的主要来源，这些矿石都必须脱氟后才能用现有硫酸法工艺生产工业氧化铍，或者用氢氧化钠水解法生产工业氧化铍。 3、氟在工业氧化铍冶炼过程中的行为和影响 高氟铍矿大部分都是从含有大量萤石的原矿中浮选出来的，所以矿石中的氟主要以CaF存在，少量是以氟磷灰石[CaF(PO)]存在。 2543 在矿石熔炼过程中，CaF不参与有用的熔炼反应，不能作为配料2 时硅钙比例的计算依据，只有当炉料含硅或铝较高时，有部分氟化钙与其反应生成SiF和AlF(1291?升华)逸出。使熔炼后的铍玻璃中43 F/BeO有所降低。 在铍玻璃酸化浸出过程中，氟化物与硫酸反应生产氟化氢的同时又与铝生成氟铝络合物进入浸出液，只有少量的HF气体逸出。 CaF+HSO=CaSO+2HF? 2244 CaF(PO)+5HSO=3HPO+5CaSO+HF? 54324344 2CaF(PO)+7HSO=3Ca(HPO)+7CaSO+2HF? 543242424 6HF+Al(SO)=2HAlF+3HSO2433624 在蒸发结晶除铝过程中，由于溶液中氟与铝形成了稳定的络合物，这些氟铝络合物不能像硫酸铝一样与硫酸铵形成铝铵钒结晶析出，严重影响了铍与铝的分离。溶液中氟的浓度越高，这种影响就越大。只有当铍矿石中的氟铍比小于10%时，这种影响才不会对工艺过 nd clepioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unity, harmony, strong collective leadership (a honest aion of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve their own problems, focus on building a political firm, entatof issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass line of educational activities, focus on the implem nism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according to the listterm mecha-ification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the commitment rectification measures to build longnd deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results, practical results. Three, the main problems and rectate and, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again. The theoretical results, continuously consolidexperience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the rectification, to prevent repeated rebou depth summary of good practices and good-tion category. Inimplementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasion and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do such a backlash and cope with the negativee deci, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interests and local interests, in the implementation of ththe lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres are too strong Adjust the local and local interestsowd, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their views and opinions, or dare to express their views, the cr acy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation to personal adjustment and the functional group work,democrltation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual, but by the executive sure, the lack of rking principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all members of the leadership team, in the global consuthe woedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations, the meeting decided bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capital spending No, strictly implement the decision proceld a will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production and internal functional components in the labor bureau han.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying out the democratic centralism of the party. The party 4 程和产品质量造成危害。 3+在中和除铁铝过程中，氟铝络离子不能象Al那样在中和终点PH条件下就能完全以Al(OH)沉淀出来，以致铍铝不能完全分离。3 但氟铝络物的稳定性随溶液的PH值上升而下降，在氢氧化铍沉淀过程中，铝与铍一起被沉淀出来，使工业氧化铍中含铝超标。当溶液中氟达到一定浓度后，还会与铍形成络合物[(NH)BeF]，这种络合物424 中的铍不能被氨水沉淀出来，致使铍的回收率受到影响，而且溶液中含氟越高，对铍回收率的影响就越大。 由于溶液中氟的存在，沉淀过程中铍还会生成一种不溶性碱式盐9Be(OH)?BeF，使氢氧化铍中含氟量增加，而含氟高的氢氧化铍在22 煅烧过程中产生的含氟气体会腐蚀料钵、炉顶和炉墙，使工业氧化铍中的杂质铝硅含量进一步增高。 4、铍矿湿法脱氟 4(1浓硫酸预处理脱氟 由于铍矿中的氟主要以CaF存在，高氟铍矿加入浓硫酸酸化后，2 CaF与浓硫酸反应生成HF气体逸出，酸化矿再用水洗涤后，矿石含2 氟可达到硫酸法生产工业氧化铍对矿石的要求。但这种方法有明显的缺点:一是产生大量的含铍含酸的废水废气，处理困难，污染环境。二是不适宜处理能直接与硫酸反应的铍矿，否则会严重影响铍回收率。三是反应生成的硫酸钙在电弧炉熔炼时的高温还原性气氛下发生反应。 alism,tal spending No, strictly implement the decision procedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centrnal functional components in the labor bureau held a bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capiinter ut the democratic centralism of the party. The party will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production andrmony, strong collective leadership (a honest and clean.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying oty, hair own problems, focus on building a political firm, pioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unie of educational activities, focus on the implementation of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve theo the list of issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass linterm mechanism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according t-tment rectification measures to build longcommipractical results. Three, the main problems and rectification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the . The theoretical results, continuously consolidate and deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results,rectification, to prevent repeated rebound, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again depth summary of good practices and good experience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the-category. Intion implementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasuch a backlash and cope with the negativend local interests, in the implementation of the decision and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do ests as are too strong Adjust the local and local interests, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interopinions, or dare to express their views, the crowd, the lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres and to personal adjustment and the functional group work, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their viewvidual, but by the executive sure, the lack of democracy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation indimembers of the leadership team, in the global consultation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual consultations, the meeting decided the working principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all 5 CaSO+C=CaO+SO?+CO? 42 CaSO+CO=CaO+SO?+CO? 422 产生的气体使熔体冒泡，严惩影响电弧炉的操作和生产能力及电耗。 4(2铝盐预处理脱氟。 利用氟在酸性溶液中极易与铝形成稳定络合物的特点，将高氟铍 +矿加入到约0.5mol/l H的氯化铝或硫酸铝溶液中，在一定温度下反应一定时间，铍矿中的氟便以氟铝络合物的形式转入溶液中，使铍矿含氟达到硫酸法生产工业氧化铍的要求。用这种方法处理，因溶液酸度低，铍不会因溶解而损失，铍回收率高。无HF气体冒出。作业环境好，脱氟效果好，处理后矿石可达到F/BeO,6%。如用AlCl处理，3还可以提高矿石品位，对后面生产有利。如用Al(SO)处理，同样243生成了CaSO从而导致电弧炉操作困难。我们用碳酸钠把CaSO转44化成溶度积更小的CaCO。 3 CaSO+NaCO=CaCO+NaSO423324 较好地解决了这个问题。但铝盐处理脱氟也有缺点:一是处理成本高。铝盐价格高，虽然工业氧化铍生产中产生的硫酸铝铵可以利用，但其量远远不够。二是废水量大，因其含氟铝高，处理难度大。 5、硫酸化培烧胶氟 高氟铍矿中以萤石和氟磷灰石存在的氟都易与浓硫酸反应生成HF逸出，但有三个方面的原因使酸化过程只能除去整个氟量的20% individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their views and opinions, or dare to express their views, the cr acy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation to personal adjustment and the functional group work,democrltation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual, but by the executive sure, the lack of rking principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all members of the leadership team, in the global consuthe woedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations, the meeting decided bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capital spending No, strictly implement the decision proceld a will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production and internal functional components in the labor bureau han.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying out the democratic centralism of the party. The party nd clepioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unity, harmony, strong collective leadership (a honest aion of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve their own problems, focus on building a political firm, entatof issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass line of educational activities, focus on the implem nism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according to the listterm mecha-ification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the commitment rectification measures to build longnd deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results, practical results. Three, the main problems and rectate and, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again. The theoretical results, continuously consolidexperience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the rectification, to prevent repeated rebou depth summary of good practices and good-tion category. Inimplementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasion and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do such a backlash and cope with the negativee deci, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interests and local interests, in the implementation of ththe lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres are too strong Adjust the local and local interestsowd, 6 左右。一是在酸化反应的温度和时间内，萤石及氟磷灰石没有完全与硫酸反应;二是反应生产的HF与铝盐生成了氟铝络合物;三是酸化料吸附了一定量的HF，所以酸化料必须经过焙烧使CaF与酸完全反2应和氟铝络合物分解成HF挥发，才能使氟完全脱除达到铍冶炼的工艺要求。我们选择在铍矿石配料熔炼分解后，再加硫酸酸化，然后焙烧脱氟。这样既可以避免因硫酸钙的生成对电炉操作带来影响，又可以使酸化料中的硅酸在焙烧过程完全脱水便于浸出过滤，提高铍的浸出率。 5(1配矿熔炼 无论哪种铍矿，只要配入一定量的钙或硅的氧化物，使炉料中的钙和硅达到一定的比例，在高温熔炼后都可以生成易溶于酸的铍钙硅的化合物(CaO?3BeO?2SiO)，所以各种复杂铍矿可以根据其成份2 合理配矿熔炼，使铍的熔炼转化率达到要求。 由于复杂铍矿都是浮选粉矿，熔炼过程粉尘飞扬损失大，必须配备收尘系统，或者将粉矿制粒后再进行熔炼，否则作业环境恶劣，铍的回收率损失大。 5(2铍玻璃酸化 铍玻璃酸化主要是把其中的铍铁铝钙的氧化物转化成硫酸盐，同时也使其中的氟变成HF或在焙烧温度下易分解挥发的氟络合物。铍玻璃酸化时应控制合适的水分，水分过低，酸化反应慢且酸化不完全，水分太高，则酸化料太湿，不利于后面焙烧工序的进料和焙烧。酸化料应是酸化反应完成后呈泥状，陈化冷却后，由于BeSO Al(SO) 4243 alism,tal spending No, strictly implement the decision procedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centrnal functional components in the labor bureau held a bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capiinter ut the democratic centralism of the party. The party will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production andrmony, strong collective leadership (a honest and clean.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying oty, hair own problems, focus on building a political firm, pioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unie of educational activities, focus on the implementation of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve theo the list of issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass linterm mechanism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according t-tment rectification measures to build longcommipractical results. Three, the main problems and rectification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the . The theoretical results, continuously consolidate and deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results,rectification, to prevent repeated rebound, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again depth summary of good practices and good experience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the-category. Intion implementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasuch a backlash and cope with the negativend local interests, in the implementation of the decision and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do ests as are too strong Adjust the local and local interests, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interopinions, or dare to express their views, the crowd, the lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres and to personal adjustment and the functional group work, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their viewvidual, but by the executive sure, the lack of democracy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation indimembers of the leadership team, in the global consultation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual consultations, the meeting decided the working principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all 7 FeSO CaSO等带有结晶水的硫酸盐结晶后而呈松散疏松状，便于焙44 烧时用螺旋进料。 铍玻璃酸化过程产生的烟气不大，气体主要成份是水蒸汽和HF，便于吸收净化，且不会对吸收净化设备产生不良影响。这主要是矿石熔炼过程硅与配入的钙反应生成了稳定的硅酸钙，酸化反应时没有或极少有SiF的生成，如果高氟铍矿在未配料熔炼之前加浓硫反应，不4 仅有HF逸出，而且有相当多的SiF逸出，这些SiF与洗涤塔中的水44 反应，生成水合二氧化硅沉积在风管和风机叶轮上，使抽风设备无法正常运行。 SiF+nHO=SiO(n-2)HO+4HF 422 5(3焙烧脱氟 焙烧脱氟选择在回转窑中进行，因为回转窑具有自动化程度高，能连续生产，物料在炉内翻动易使氟脱除干净，炉内温度有一定梯度，焙烧时间短，热利用率高的特点。只要控制好炉料进料速度，物料在炉内停留时间，炉头、炉尾温度和炉内负压等技术条件，焙烧料含氟就能达到硫酸法生产工业氧化铍的工艺要求。 回转窑尾气冷却后，产生的冷凝酸和灰尘沉积物，可按一定比例返回铍玻璃酸化。这样既充分利用了冷凝硫酸又减少了对环境的污染，合适的操作方式和返回比例，不会对铍玻璃酸化产生任何影响。 回转窑尾气冷却后，用水多级洗涤吸收，外排废气能达到含氟气体排放，吸收HF和HSO的废水，用石灰中和后排放，能达到24 废水排放标准。 edures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations, the meeting decided bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capital spending No, strictly implement the decision proceld a will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production and internal functional components in the labor bureau han.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying out the democratic centralism of the party. The party nd clepioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unity, harmony, strong collective leadership (a honest aion of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve their own problems, focus on building a political firm, entatof issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass line of educational activities, focus on the implem nism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according to the listterm mecha-ification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the commitment rectification measures to build longnd deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results, practical results. Three, the main problems and rectate and, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again. The theoretical results, continuously consolidexperience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the rectification, to prevent repeated rebou depth summary of good practices and good-tion category. Inimplementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasion and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do such a backlash and cope with the negativee deci, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interests and local interests, in the implementation of ththe lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres are too strong Adjust the local and local interestsowd, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their views and opinions, or dare to express their views, the cr acy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation to personal adjustment and the functional group work,democrltation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual, but by the executive sure, the lack of rking principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all members of the leadership team, in the global consuthe wo8 回转窑焙烧产出的焙烧料，补加适量硫酸进行两次逆流浸出，浸出液直接进入现有硫酸法生产工业氧化铍系统，可产出合格的工业氧化铍。 6、碱溶水解法 高氟复杂铍矿通过合理配矿熔炼后，铍玻璃直接加硫酸酸化浸出。含氟高的浸出液加氨水调PH8~9，使铍铁铝都以氟氧化物沉淀出来。由于有大量的铁铝与铍一起沉淀，铍的沉淀回收率可达99%以上，沉淀出来的铍铁铝的氢氧化物经洗涤后，用氢氧化钠溶解，铍铝进入溶液， Be(OH)+2NaOH=NaBeO+2HO 2222 Al(OH)+NaOH=NaAlO+2HO 322 铁极少进入溶液而留在渣中，铁渣经再处理回收氧化铍。碱溶液稀释后加热水解出氢氧化铍，铝不水解而留在溶液中: NaBeO+HO?Be(OH)?+2NaOH 222 碱溶水解法是利用氢氧化铍在高碱度下溶于氢氧化钠溶液生成铍酸钠，而在低碱度高温条件下铍酸钠又水解出氢氧化铍的特性，尤其适合高氟高磷铍矿生产工业氧化铍。这种方法的优点是产品质量好(主要杂质几乎比硫酸法产品低一个数量级)，铍回收率高(比硫酸法高10%左右)。适应各种铍矿生产工业氧化铍。其缺点是生产成本高(1吨氧化铍比硫酸法高6万元以上)，废水量大，处理困难。碱溶渣过滤比较困难。 alism,tal spending No, strictly implement the decision procedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centrnal functional components in the labor bureau held a bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capiinter ut the democratic centralism of the party. The party will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production andrmony, strong collective leadership (a honest and clean.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying oty, hair own problems, focus on building a political firm, pioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unie of educational activities, focus on the implementation of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve theo the list of issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass linterm mechanism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according t-tment rectification measures to build longcommipractical results. Three, the main problems and rectification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the . The theoretical results, continuously consolidate and deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results,rectification, to prevent repeated rebound, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again depth summary of good practices and good experience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the-category. Intion implementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasuch a backlash and cope with the negativend local interests, in the implementation of the decision and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do ests as are too strong Adjust the local and local interests, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interopinions, or dare to express their views, the crowd, the lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres and to personal adjustment and the functional group work, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their viewvidual, but by the executive sure, the lack of democracy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation indimembers of the leadership team, in the global consultation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual consultations, the meeting decided the working principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all 9 7、结论 复杂铍矿生产工业氧化铍的工艺研究，就是要解决矿石分解和杂质分离两大问题。任何复杂铍矿，只要根据其成份合理配矿，配入一定量的氧化钙或二氧化硅，使炉料中氧化钙，二氧化硅和氧化铝达到一定比例。高温熔炼水碎后，矿石中的铍都可以转化为易溶于酸的钙铍硅的化合物。这一点在试验和生产实践中都已得到证实。如日光榴石、硅铍石、似晶石、金绿宝石、香花石、塔菲石等合理配料熔炼后，铍的转化率都可以达到98%以上。 复杂铍矿中的杂质分离问题，除磷需用特殊试剂沉淀分离外，氟是硫酸法生产工业氧化铍最有害的杂质。氟不仅使铍铝分离困难，而且使铍的冶炼回收率降低。对今后铍矿主要来源的高氟铍矿，如何脱氟或消除氟对工艺过程的影响，首选的还是铍玻璃硫酸化焙烧脱氟。这种方法具有流程短，脱氟效果好，产品质量稳定，废水废渣处理量小，铍回收率高，成本增加不多，适应各种高氟铍矿的特点，是湿法预处理脱氟不能与之相比的。碱溶水解法处理高氟铍矿，也是今后工业氧化铍冶炼研究的一个重要方向。因为其产品质量好和铍回收率高具有强大的生命力，只要研究解决工艺过程的设备和个别技术问题，碱溶水解法应用于生产是完全可能的。 参考文献: 1(《铍的化学工艺学和冶金学》 [苏联]B.H斯皮钦院士主编 田冰译 杨重愚校 1965 中国工业出版社 2(《稀土》徐光宪主编 1995 冶金工业出版社 an.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying out the democratic centralism of the party. The party nd clepioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unity, harmony, strong collective leadership (a honest aion of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve their own problems, focus on building a political firm, entatof issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass line of educational activities, focus on the implem nism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according to the listterm mecha-ification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the commitment rectification measures to build longnd deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results, practical results. Three, the main problems and rectate and, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again. The theoretical results, continuously consolidexperience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the rectification, to prevent repeated rebou depth summary of good practices and good-tion category. Inimplementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasion and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do such a backlash and cope with the negativee deci, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interests and local interests, in the implementation of ththe lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres are too strong Adjust the local and local interestsowd, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their views and opinions, or dare to express their views, the cr acy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation to personal adjustment and the functional group work,democrltation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual, but by the executive sure, the lack of rking principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all members of the leadership team, in the global consuthe woedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations, the meeting decided bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capital spending No, strictly implement the decision proceld a will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production and internal functional components in the labor bureau h10 3(《铍——性质、生产和应用》吴源道编著 1986冶金工业出 版社 nal functional components in the labor bureau held a bureau and executive, and discuss specific personnel in 2013, major capiinter ut the democratic centralism of the party. The party will discuss the main points of the 2014 Bureau of safety production andrmony, strong collective leadership (a honest and clean.) there lack of global awareness and innovation problem in carrying oty, hair own problems, focus on building a political firm, pioneering and innovative, wholeheartedly for the people, strive for unie of educational activities, focus on the implementation of the rectification, enhance team ability to discover and solve theo the list of issues to sort it out, with overall requirements to carry out the mass linterm mechanism style construction bureau Party, improve the ideological style The construction and working level, according t-tment rectification measures to build longcommipractical results. Three, the main problems and rectification measures focus on rectification goals, determined to honor the . The theoretical results, continuously consolidate and deepen and expand educational practice to achieve the system results,rectification, to prevent repeated rebound, use of the results of the activities, timely organization look back again depth summary of good practices and good experience in educational practice, good around the typical, continue to promote the-category. Intion implementation of corrective tasks for the new problems found in a timely manner into the special rectification and rectificasuch a backlash and cope with the negativend local interests, in the implementation of the decision and task, and even the existence of "do not want to do, want to do ests as are too strong Adjust the local and local interests, the tendency to ignore the overall interests, focus on immediate interopinions, or dare to express their views, the crowd, the lack of global awareness and sense of innovation. Some leading cadres and to personal adjustment and the functional group work, individual party members and cadres are not good put forward their viewvidual, but by the executive sure, the lack of democracy in different opinions fully discussed and demonstrated. In relation indimembers of the leadership team, in the global consultation is not enough, did not fully consider the actual situation of the individual consultations, the meeting decided the working principle of the tight loose, not very good to play the role of all alism,tal spending No, strictly implement the decision procedures of "three major" matters "collective leadership, democratic centr11