2012最新人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结

2012最新人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结 人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? 一、 单词与词组 Join: 表示“参加，加入”，此处指参加社团或组织，成为其中的成员。 Join the army 参军 join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会 Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 参加体育/音乐/英语/象棋俱乐部 乐器类+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano play 非乐器类+ the play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton (英式足球 / 篮球 / 排球 /英式足球，美式橄榄球/网球/羽毛球) Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 擅长做某事 Be good with 与…相处得好 Be good to 对…友好=be friendly to Be good for 对…有好处 Like to do sth.特指某一次的动作;like doing sth. 强调经常性的爱好。两者都表示喜欢做某事，在仅仅表达“喜欢”时两者可以通用。 Tell: Tell stories 讲故事 tell sb. sth. /to do sth. /not to do sth.告诉某人某事/不要做某事 Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help yourself/sb. (to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,饮料等)拿给自己/某人 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 Call at 用于打某人的电话 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742 Home:1. 表示动态概念。意思是“回家”，“到家”。前面不加介词。这里的home 是副词，表示目的地。 e.g. 1)When do you go home every day?你每天什么时候回家, 2)He drives home after work.他下班的开车回家。 3)She often does some shopping on his way home. 她经常在回家途中买些东西。 2. at home 表示静态概念。意思是“在家”。这里的home是名词，表示具体地点。e.g. 1) Is she at home? 她在家吗,2)He left his book at home. 他把书放在家里了。 Go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家 Also 也，而且;较正式，用于肯定句，紧跟动词。 e.g. I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese. 我能说英文也能说中文。 也 Too 多用于口语，放在句末。 E.g. Me too. Either 多用于否定句，放在句末。E.g. He hasn’t finished, either. 他也没有完成。 Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb. 展示给某人看 Show time 作秀时间，表演开始 talk show 脱口秀(美国脱口秀节目) - Unit 2 What time do you go to school? …时 then 然后 after that 在那之后 时间连词:when=while 当 at+时间点/sb. do sth. at about +时间点 for breakfast/lunch/dinner… 睡觉go to bed=go to sleep 睡觉 take a tap 午休，小睡一会儿 反:get up 起床 Time 表时间，不可数;表次数，可数。 Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候 系动词It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来(含被动意味，但不能用被动语态) tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像… either…or…二选一 neither…nor… 两者都不 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即 "就近原则"。 e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 Here引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是代词，不倒装 ; 表位置的副词放在句首时， 如主语是名词，要用全部倒装。 e.g. Here it is! Here he comes. (代词不倒装) Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. (名词倒装) 关于时间的问法 (1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点 ?When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候, - ?My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。 这里就是指一天的时间段 ?When do you go home? 你几点回家, ?I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4:30回家. 这里when问的是具体的时间。 (2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问 ?What time is it now? 现在几点了, or What’s the time? 几点了, It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六。 ?What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了, It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes late 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。 ?What time do you get up? 你几点起床, I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 Unit 3 How do you get to school? many students是单指学生数量多，侧重数量 many of the students是指学生中很多一部分，强调部分 too…太… 1. too much意为“太多”，+不可数名词/+动词。 e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家务活要干。 She talks too much . 她说话太多。 much too意思是“过分，太”，隐含了过分而不恰当之意，much too+形容词或副 词，不+动词。 e.g.The question is much too difficult . 这道题太难了。 - You’re walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。 2.too…to…太…而不能….e.g. You are never too young to study. 同: so…that…太…以至于… e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat. =The river runs so quickly that people can’t row a boat to across the river. Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. 一、词组 school rules 学校规章 break the rules 违反 make the rules 制定规章.. in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 be in bed 在床上 be late for„迟到 listen to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭 have to do 不得不做 too many+名词复数; too much +不可数名词“太多” by ten o’clock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends 在周末 go to the children’s palace 去少年宫 after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课 二、句型 (1)Don’t arrive late for class. (2)We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside. (3)--What else do you have to do? -- We have to clean the classroom. (4)--Can we wear hats in school? --Yes, we can/ No, we can’t. (5)--Do you have to wear a uniform at school? --Yes, we do /No, we don’t. (6) What are the rules at your school? (7)重难点精析: 祈使句 通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。 ,)Be型(即系动词原型be+表语，其他)。如: Be quiet,please. 否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。如: Don’t be angry. ,)Do型(即系动词原形，宾语，其他)。如: Open you books, please. - 否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。如: Don’t eat in the classroom. ,)Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)如: Let me help you. Let’s go at six o’clock. 否定句一般在宾语后加not。如: Let’ not watch TV. ,)No+V-ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“)如: No smoking! 严禁吸烟～ No talking! 不许交谈～ No passing! 禁止通行～ No parking! 不许停车～ Must与have to 1.must表主观看法，主观上的必要 have to 表客观需要 e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事) 2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。 3. 在否定结构中: don't have to 表示"不必";mustn't 表示"禁止"。 e.g. You don't have to (needn’t没必要) tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't(can’t 不能)tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 On time 准时，按时。 In time 及时，迟早 e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我们及时赶上了公车。 The train pulled in on time. 车准时到站。 Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 一、词组 want to do sth .想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 Kind kind of 有几分\种类 a kind of 一种… (all) kinds of 各种各样的=various of like to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with „ 与...一起玩 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间 二、句型与日常交际用语 1、-why do you like pandas?/ -Why dose he like koalas? -Because they’re kind of interesting. 2、 Why do you want to see the lions? Because they’re … 3、-Where are lions from? - -Lions are from South Africa. 4、-What (other) animals do you like? -I like elephants. 5. This is a symbol of good luck. …的象征 6. Have a good memory like an elephant. 形容记忆力好 7 .- How old are you?=What’s your age? –I’m ten years old./I’m ten. 8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I don’t make of 与make from “由…组成” make of 看得出原材料，物理变化;make from 看不出原材料，化学变化。 e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙). The paper is made of wood. The other, others, another, other的区别 1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”。如: Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗, Ask some other people. 问问别人吧～ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如: He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如: On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如: Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧～ There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是the other的复数形式。如: Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another=an other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如: I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。 Let’s do sth , let’s=let us 让我们做…… 人称代词用宾格 Let’s 之后跟动词原形。 Let’s see the panda.我们看熊猫吧。 Let’s go! 我们走吧～ Unit 6 I’m watching TV. 一、词组 - do one’s homework 做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner 吃饭;就餐 clean the room 打扫房间 talk on the phone 电话聊天 thanks for+n/doing为某事感谢某人 go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在学校 in the tree 在树上 read newspaper/a book 看报纸,看书 write a letter 写信 go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie 看电影 take photos 拍照 wait for 等待;等候 TV show 电视节目 talk about 谈论…e.g. What are you talking about? some of…中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照 be with 和„„一起 with sb 和某人在一起 in the first/last photo在第一张/最后一张照片 二、句型与日常交际用语 1.-What+be+主语+doing? …正在做什么, -主语，be doing… …正在做某事 2.-Here are/is…例: Here are some of my photos. /Here is a photo of my family. 3.-Do you want to go to the movies? -Sure. 4.-When do you want to go? -Let’s go at seven. 5.-Where do people play basketball? -At school. 6.-What’s he waiting for? -He’s waiting for a bus. 7.-What’s he reading? -He’s reading a newspaper. 8. Can +do(动词原形) 可以… e.g.You can see my family at home. 三、语法——现在进行时 1)现在在进行时的形式:助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式(也叫现在分词)，表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 2)现在进行时的肯定句形式:主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 例:I’m watching TV. 3)现在进行时的否定句形式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他 例:They are not playing soccer. 4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答: ——Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他? ——Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not. 例:Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not. 5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? 例:What is your brother doing? Unit 7 It’s raning! 一、词组 - play computer games 打电子游戏 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 in this heat 在酷暑中 in picture 在图片里 on vacation 度假 on the beach 在海边 around the world 世界各地 =all over the world be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶 be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxed have a good time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里 thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感谢某人 some…others…一些…另一些… a group of people 一群人 look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事(事情的全过程) everyone后只接人不跟of, 相当于everybody; every one 后跟人或物，可跟of。 e.g. Everyone is here. 每个人都在这。 Every one of the students likes the teacher. 每位学生都很喜欢这个老师。 二、句型,日常交际用语 (1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? -It’s rainy. /It’s cold and snowing. (2)-What’s the weather like?-The weather there is very hot. (3)-How’s it going(with sb.)?某人最近怎样。/How was your trip? -Great. /Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good! (4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around the World show! (5)-Is Aunt Wang there? -Yes, she is/No, she isn’t (6) There are many people here on vacation. (7) See you later./See you soon. 之后见/很快见 (8) My phone isn’t working. 我的电话坏了。 Unit 8 Is there a post office near there? 一、词组 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在...隔壁 across from 在...对面 in front of 在...前面 between…and… 在...和...之间 on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right/left 在右边,在左边 behind…在…后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near…在…附近 go straight 一直走 go down(along)…沿着...走 welcome to… 欢迎 enjoy+名词/doing喜欢做某事 have fun 过得愉快 on one’s right/left 在某人的右边,左边 turn right/left 向右,左转 take a walk 散步 the way to „去...的路 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 take a taxi 打的,乘出租车 go through...穿过.. have a good trip 旅途愉快=have a good time. 玩的开心，过得愉快 arrive at(小地方) /in(大地方)到达 at the beginning of 在...开始的时候 at the end of 在...结束的时候 hope to do sth/that/for sth 希望做某事 (不可以用hope sb. to do sth.) help sb.to do sth./sb. sth. 帮助某人某事 - in front of 与 in the front of 的区别 in front of就是指在某物的前方;in the front of是指在某物的内部靠前的地方。 e.g. sit in the front of the classroom. 指坐在教室前排的。 sit in front of the classroom指坐在教室前面 (教室外面的前面)。 It cost sb. st. to do sth./some moey sb. spend time on sth. /(in) doing sth./sb. spend some money. 花费时间/金钱做某事 二、句型。 1、Is there a „.?句型(Eg: -Excuse me. Is there a hotel in /near the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No. there isn’t 2、Where is „?句型(Eg: -Where is the park, please? -It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答) -I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答) 3、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.如: Which is the way to the library? 4、How can I get to +地点?句型.如: How can I get to the restaurant? 5、Can you tell me the way to +地点,/Could you please tell me ….句型.如: Can you tell me the way to the post office? 6、Let me tell you the way to my house. 7、Just go straight and turn left. 三、日常交际用语 1、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is .It’s on Centre Street. /No, there isn’t. 2、Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library. 3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun. 4、I hope you have a good trip. 5(If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant. 6、Talk a walk though the park.. 7、I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日要来。 8、Time goes by./time goes quickly. 时间流逝/时间流逝得飞快 Unit 9 What dose he look like? 一、词组 curly /short/straight/long hair卷,短,直发 of medium height/build中等高度,身体 a little bit+形容词 一点儿„ a pop singer 一位流行歌手 be popular with sb 在…流行 not…any more 不再 good-looking 好看 wear glasses 戴眼镜 have a new look 呈现新面貌 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长 Nobody knows me 没有人认识我 - 二、句型 1)--What does he look like? --He’s really short. He has short hair./ He is of medium build. 2)Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five, 3)--She has beautiful, long black hair. --I don’t think he’s so great . 6) stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事 如: He stop listening--She never stops talking. stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事 如: He stops to listen. 7) I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 8) -Is he tall or short? –He’s of medium height. 9) He has long straight brown hair. 描述顺序:形状大小(long/short)-年龄-颜色-国籍 Unit 10 I’d like some noodles. 一、词组 would like+ n/to do 想要 a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸 orange juice 桔汁 green tea 绿茶 what kind of 表示„.的种类 a kind of 一种„ some kind of 许多种„ a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁(不可数) three oranges 三个桔子(可数) some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数) three chickens 三只小鸡(可数) gongbao chicken 宫爆鸡丁 mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍下 cut off 切断 cut out 切掉 二、句型 ,)What kind of „ would you like? 你想要„? ,)--What size bowl of noodles would you like? --I like a small bowl of noodles. ,)We have large ,medium, and small bowls. ,)I like dumplings, I don’t like noodles. 三、日常交际用语 ,)--Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?/May I take your order? --I’d like some noodles. please. ,)--What kind of noodles would you like? --I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please. ,)--Would you like a cup of green tea? --Yes, please. /No, thanks would like后面还可以跟不定式.即: A: would like to do sth.想要做某事 He would like to see you today. B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do. - If If 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 e.g. If he or she blows(从句) out all the candles in one go, the wish will (主句)come true. If it doesn’t (从句)rain, we will(主句) play basketball. It it 作形式主语。结构:it+be(is/was)+(for sb.)+to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事怎么样 e.g. It’s getting more and more popular to have cake on your birthday. = It becomes more and more popular that people have cake on their birthday. Unit 11 How was you weekend? 一、词组 math) test 准备(数学)考试 do some reading 阅读 study for the (have a party/ do some sports 做运动 practice+n/doing 练习… what aout/ How about+n/doing 做什么怎么样 stay at home 呆家里 go to summer camp 去夏令营 go shopping 去购物 go to the beach/pool 去沙滩/游泳 go to the mountains 去爬山 last month 上个月 three days ago 三天前 yesterday 昨天 the day before yesteday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 look for 寻找 look after 照顾，看管 look out (for) 留神，注意 look up 查找 go for a walk 散步 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上,在下午,在晚上 on Sunday morning 在某个具体一天的上午、下午用介词on play computer games 玩电脑游戏 spend money/time on sth/(in) doing sth 花费…做… watch sb do/doing sth 看某人做了某事/正在做某事 二、句型 ,)I visited my aunt last weekend. ,)-- How was your weekend? --It was great./OK ,)It was time for sb to do sth. 三、日常交际用语 ,)--What did you do last weekend? --On Saturday morning,I played teenis. ,)--How was your weekend? --It was great.I went to the brach. 感叹句 What + a + 形容词 + 名词单数 (+ 主语+动词)/What + 形容词 + 名词复数 (+ 主语 + 动词)/ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+主语+动词) e.g.What a beautiful girl she is! (单数) What beautiful girls they are! (复数) - What delicious milk it is! (不可数) How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 动词) How beautiful this girl is～ 以上有点麻烦，简单记: 把感叹句从后面把主语和谓语(句子)挑出，然后看前面的感叹部分，若有名词，就用what;若无，就用how。但是注意单数时候:what a careful student she is! = How careful a student sh is! 练习: _____nice it is today! _____ a nice day it is today! _____ ugly animals they are! What a big box it is! == How big the box is! What nice weather it is!== How nice the weather is! What clean rooms they are!== How clean the rooms are! Unit 12 Where did you do last weekend? 一、词组 ptetty good 相当好;不错 in the conner 在角落 kind of boring 有点无聊 be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高兴 be fun 很有趣 on vacation 在度假 Central Park 中央公园 the Great Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫 Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场 make sb adj 使某人… make sb do sth 使某人做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事 二、句型 1)--Where did you go on vacation? --I went to the breach. 2)--How was the weather? --It was hot and humid. 3)--It was kind of boring 4)--That made me feel very happy. 5)--We had great fun playing in the water. --have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”，“做某事很有趣” 6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy. make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事let (make)sb.do.sth. 7)I found a small boy crying in the conner. find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事(整个过程) -