儿童歌谣在小学低年级

儿童歌谣在低年级 体育教学中的探索和应用 内容摘要:儿童歌谣因它的简明明快，幽默风趣，朗朗上口，童趣盎然，一直深受孩子们的喜爱，而它对儿童思想品德的形成、美好情感的培养、行为习惯的养成，乃至开朗、乐观的人格塑造都有着潜移默化、无可替代的影响。如果能把童谣适时贴切的运用到小学低年级体育课中，让学生边唱边学，一定会收到很好的效果，使孩子在“歌中学”，在“学中乐”，这也非常符合小学体育新课程标准中“以人为本”的教学理念。本文通过多年的教学实践对童谣在小学低年级体育课中的应用进行了实践和研究，望能为进一步推动小学体育教学改革为同行提供有益的参考。 主题词:儿童歌谣、教学方法、探索应用 一、 问题的提出 对于小学低年级水平一(1——2年级)的学生，由于认知能力有限，还不善于进行真正的学习活动，很难对体育课有端正的态度和自觉的行为，要使儿童把学习当作一种有目的、有系统、自觉的专门活动来对待，关键在于教学中能否抓住低年级学生这一阶段特有的心理特点——即对事物的好奇和兴趣性。这点在新课程标准中也重点提出“要选择适合儿童身心发展的教学内容，灵活多变的教学方法，不断激发学生兴趣，使学生乐于参加体育活动”。而传统的体育教学方法采用的是 “跟我学”的传统教学法和把竞技训练移植到体育课堂中的系统性教学法，在小学低年级体育课的实践过程中效果很差。由于学生没兴趣、不喜欢，因此就不会很专心的去学习，达不到锻炼效果，而且也与“健康第一”的新教学理念相违背。而在实施新课标的过程中，广大教师采用了音乐、图片、直观教具等各种手段来激发学生学习兴趣收到了很好的效果。 我在学生课间活动时观察到孩子在跳长绳的过程中，边唱儿歌边游戏“小熊小熊你转一个圈，小熊小熊你摸一下地„„”,气氛活跃而且有序,每个人都很守规则。我想:这不就是我们想要的课堂吗,如果编一些和体育教学有关的儿歌在体育课中运用，一定会达到教与学的完美结合，让学生在边说、边记、边练中体r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 会得到体育的乐趣，起到促进身心全面发展的作用，真正让学生在快乐中学习、锻炼、健康成长，让枯燥的活动成为学生熟悉生活中的某个细节、某个场景，给平淡的体育课堂增添一点色彩。通过歌谣使体育课成为教育的又一块新天地，使体育课真正达到让学生“健康”成长的目的。 二、 儿童歌谣在低年级体育教学中应用的必要性 1、儿童歌谣符合低年级学生的心理发展特征，能够抓住学生心理，提高学生学习兴趣。 1——2年级的学生易于被新鲜有趣的事物所吸引，他们擅长具体、形象记忆，易于掌握具体、可感知事物的概念。体育运动中许多抽象、乏味、动作复杂难于记忆的动作一旦转化为儿童歌谣的形式，不但提高了学生的兴趣，还使学生更加容易记住动作要点。例如广播操学习对于低年级学生来说有一定的困难，学生注意力不能长时间集中，记忆理解动作的能力也不强，最重要的是低年级学生对广播操学习兴趣不大，我在教操时因为加上儿歌，结果有很大的不同。如《雏鹰起飞》预备节: 雄赳赳呀气昂昂，小小雏鹰在飞翔; 练硬翅膀志气大，迎接未来新曙光。 第一节、伸展运动: 白云是我轻盈羽毛，七色光是我美丽衣裳， 锻炼身体努力成长，勇敢顽强健康向上。 这样的儿童歌谣在学生学习时边唱边学，效果很好，学生记住了生动形象的儿歌，也就记住了动作。 2、儿童歌谣对学生思想品德的形成、美好情感的培养起着潜移默化的影响。 儿童歌谣在低年级体育教学中的应用，不光对体育课的组织 形势和内容有帮助，还能通过练习对学生渗透德育教育，拓展学生知识面。在一节体育课的准备活动中我根据日常生活中的劳动动作编一些歌谣，使学生既爱学又能从中受到思想品德或行为习惯的教育。 如《节水谣》: 洗澡水，清亮亮，澡盆里面打水仗， 砰砰砰、乒乒乒，洗出一个小光光; r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 水儿倒进洗衣机，妈妈忙着洗衣裳， 嗵嗵嗵、轰轰轰，衣服洗得透又亮; 水儿倒进墩布桶，爸爸哼歌擦地忙， 刷刷刷、嚓嚓嚓，地板为你照张相; 一水多用真聪明，节约用水好风尚。 教师可模仿洗澡、洗衣、擦地、踏步等动作，使学生既热身了又进行了节水的德育教育。教师可根据实际情况编一些爱国、校园、环保、自然、美德等题材的童谣，让学生边说边受教育，提高思想道德水平。 就童谣本身发展而言，在学校体育课中无疑是一个很好的传播发展的园地，但时下类似“脱口秀”等另类歌谣在中小学校园里十分流行。如“春眠不觉晓，处处蚊子咬，打了敌敌畏，蚊子死不了。”;又如:“日照香炉生紫烟，李白走进烤鸭店，口水流下三千尺，摸摸口袋没有钱。”。童谣的健康与否关系着儿童的“精神空间”和“心理空间”是否能健康成长，这种另类童谣不能不令人担忧。只有采用积极乐观、健康向上的内容，配以儿童喜爱的语言取而代之这些不健康的另类童谣，才能使儿童歌谣发挥它积极的作用。在游戏中边唱边练，一定会让广大少年儿童喜欢，从而使童谣健康发展，而小学体育课堂正是培育童谣的一片沃土。 三、 儿童歌谣在低年级体育教学中的应用 1、儿童歌谣在低年级体育常规教学中的应用 体育教师口令短促精炼、语调高昂，具有无上的权威性，发出后又具有无可更改性，所有的一切让我们习惯了一个事实:体育教学似乎非如此不可。在这种教学气氛下，学生始终处于一种被动的状态下，学生必须按照教师的意愿和口令行动，这种做法在培养集体主义和增强学生纪律观念的同时，其实也将教师放到了学生的对立面上。当然这并不明要废除口令、整队、做操等常规，体育课不排斥适当的操练，但教师如果能在练习的过程中除了那些必须的指令性口令外，能把简单、严厉的指导性语言变为朗朗上口的儿歌或师生互答的形式，学生更易于接受。在“以人为本”思想的指导下，逐步形成新的教学常规。例如当学生注意力不集中，而且学生练习的范围又很大时，可采取师生互答的短小的歌谣来吸引学生注意力， 如: r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 师:请你像我这样做，生:我就像您这样做。 师:请你站好看着我，生:我就站好看着您。 又如在练习立正姿势时可采用: 师:谁的眼睛明又亮,生:我的眼睛明又亮。 师:谁的肩膀平又直,生:我的肩膀平又直。 师:谁的手儿贴裤缝,生:我的手儿贴裤缝。 师:谁的脚尖两边分,生:我的脚尖两边分。 这种师生互答的方式抓住了学生的想象力和模仿能力，在模仿的乐趣中集中了注意力，在抓好常规的同时也拉近了师生间的距离，与学生形成了互动，这比单纯用口令提要求效果要好很多。教师运用童谣抓常规，不但有利于学生体育兴趣和意识的形成，达到整齐划一，还没有为了片面追求统一而牺牲学生的体育兴趣为代价，可以说是一举两得。 2、儿童歌谣在低年级体育课堂教学中的应用 (1)在开始准备部分中的应用 低年级学生的年龄特点、心理特点决定了在体育课中应从学生兴趣入手，有的教师在课改实践中通过教具、语言、音乐等创设情境，激发学生学习兴趣。童谣在开始部分的应用对激发学生学习兴趣、诱导学生学习主动性、积极性有着很好的效果。在一次体育课中，我充分调动学生的积极性，在热身部分采用了: 《动物聚会》 大森林真美丽，小动物们来欢聚， 小蛇来了扭一扭，用力一起扭一扭; 小鸭过来叫一叫，一摇一摆叫一叫，(嘎嘎) 青蛙来了叫一叫，蹦蹦跳跳大声叫;(呱呱) 小狗来了叫一叫，摇摇尾巴叫一叫，(汪汪) 老虎来了叫一叫，晃晃脑袋大声叫;(哦哦) 松鼠来了跳一跳，翘起尾巴跳一跳， 大家一起跳一跳，晚会开的真热闹。 童谣可以激发学生的想象力，从而使他们进入情境，在欢乐的气氛中不知不觉做完了准备活动，为主教材的进行打下了良好的基础，调动起了学生的兴趣，r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 期盼着下一个练习内容。教师可根据课的内容创编歌谣作为课的准备部分，发挥学生的能动性、想象力、模仿等认知能力，让学生融入到情境中，自主、积极的参与活动，体会体育活动的乐趣。 (2)在基本部分中的应用 童谣在主教材中的运用主要有以下三点:第一、对主教材内容加以创编，提高学生学习兴趣，激发学生想象，牢记动作要点。如在低年级持轻物投远的教学中，我与学生一道边说边练: 一脚向前迈，屈肘肘向前， 协调用力投出去，勇敢向前争第一。 在游戏教学中也可采用童谣的方式进行引导，如在游戏《快找同伴》中，边说边练: 小鱼小鱼水中游，摇摇尾巴点点头， 东瞧瞧，西望望，快来快来找朋友。 这些童谣使教材内容以游戏的形式进行，贴近学生生活，使学生在玩中掌握技术动作。第二、对教材重、难点或难于观察到的细节通过歌谣来提醒学生。如在低年级前滚翻教学中，可以创编: 小刺猬，真聪明，开动脑筋摘果子， 低头团身又抱腿，叽哩咕噜滚过去。 使动作要领形象化，抓住学生善于模仿的特点来达到教学目的，易于学生理解学习。 第三、辅助主教材的教学，创设良好教学环境。如在单、双脚跳的教学中，教师创设了一个小马过河的情境，在学生创新的练习中，如果教师不过去指导一下，就让学生自由练习，那就有可能只是跳圈而达不到本课“单踏双落”的教学目的。这时教师提出要求，在小马摆好“石头”后要站在岸边“呼唤”老师:“老师老师快来看，小马小马要过河。”，这样一来，既使学生抓紧时间创新，又保证了纪律，还完成了课的任务，学生练习的积极性也十分高，都争先恐后的让老师看本组创编的作品，激发了学生的学习兴趣，只是两句小童谣，却收到了意想不到的效果。 (3)在结束部分的运用 r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 童谣放在结束部分，它的作用和开始部分是一样的，只是在童谣的动作编排上要优美、舒缓，使学生身心得到放松。如《小脚丫，走天下》 小脚丫，走天下，走到海边捉鱼虾，鱼儿多，虾儿大; 小脚丫，走天下，走到雪山摘莲花，冰雪寒，我不怕; 小脚丫，走天下，祖国山河美如画，我爱你，大中华。 又如《青蛙的摇篮》 绿荷叶，大又圆，小小青蛙睡上边， 风儿吹，摇篮晃，青蛙一觉睡得香。 睡得香，梦儿甜，醒来笑开千朵莲。 这些童谣只要加上教师一些简单形象的动作，就会让学生展开丰富的想象，身心得到全面的放松。 四、 结论和建议 在小学低年级体育教学中创编和应用儿童歌谣应注意:儿童歌谣的内容必须简单、健康、有趣、积极向上，动作具有一定的模仿性。只有内容符合学生心理健康水平，才能够让学生接受，达到身心全面发展的目的。另外童谣在教学中的关键是琅琅上口，学生听一两遍就能和教师一起说、一起练，让每个学生都能基本在同一时间做出反应，做出各自想象中的动作或跟上教师的动作节奏，这样才能让学生积极主动的去发挥想象进行模仿。在动作的创编上也要考虑让学生易于模仿，可以是和体育运动有关的，也可以是和生活有关的，让学生一说就能联想起动作的动词。如《生活体操》: 一二三四(我)走一走，二二三四(我)跑一跑， 三二三四(我)跳一跳，四二三四(我)跺跺脚。 一二三四(我)刷刷牙，二二三四(我)洗洗脸， 三二三四(我)洗洗澡，四二三四(我)笑一笑。 结束语:通过对儿童歌谣在小学低年级体育教学中的探索和应用，我发现在小学低年级体育课中，学生很喜欢这种教学方式和“童谣方式的教学内容”，它不但能够提高学生练习的积极性，培养对学生的兴趣，也因它内容的广泛使之具有增长知识、陶冶情操、塑造人格的巨大作用。新课程改革推动了歌谣在这片沃土的成长，但它只是刚刚开始，一切都还是在探索阶段，应用也还有不成熟之处。r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 但它对于低年级学生的巨大影响是不言而喻的。因此，希望广大体育教师能够积 极的加入到体育儿童歌谣的创编队伍中来，相互交流探讨，使之更加成熟的步入 小学低年级课堂，让孩子们的体育课堂更加五彩斑斓～ r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment. 儿童歌谣在小学低年级 体育教学中的探索和应用 镇东中心小学 谢宝君 r included in the County, with the right of abode overseas natural persons; (2) expand the scope of borrower type of occupation; (3) to apply for a loan for business borrowers, as well as the business unit controller or major shareholders. 2, the maximum loan amount (1) to cancel "a maximum loan amount of RMB 300,000" requirement; (2) both for personal consumption and business purposes, different methods were used to determine the loan amount. 3, the loan terms (1) the loan terms with borrowers and not more than 60 years of age; (2) lending operation, should be based on the borrower's production cycle and the anticipated income situation, scientifically and rationally determine the loan period. (E) loans: the three rejected. (F) receive and investigate: 1, defines the principles and requirements of pre-loan investigation, focusing on investigating first source of repayment, and a double investigation. 2, the provision of customer information: (1) "available on request" information, customer reference case where the account manager deciding whether to request; (2) proof of income can refer to the approach in annex format or other format to meet the Bank's requirements; (3) loan operation shall provide the information management unit; (4) copy of the account manager shall verify the information and sign it to confirm. 3, provided for a borrower, guarantor and main contents of units operated by pre-loan investigation. 4, loans for business and apply for amounts in excess of 500,000 yuan, account managers should refer to the measurement limit estimates demand for working capital loans. (G) loans: the loan origination process, provides lenders responsible for review. (H) loans to pay: defined the trustee payments and autonomous operational requirements for payment.