浅谈陶瓷艺术品摄影的表现手法

浅谈陶瓷艺术品摄影的表现手法 浅谈陶瓷艺术品摄影的表现手法 摘要:陶瓷艺术品摄影在当代得到迅速发展。它首先需要解决的是构图和质感的表现，然后再进一步表达深层的思想内涵。 关键词:陶瓷艺术品摄影;构图;质感表现;思想表达 1 引言 陶瓷艺术品摄影是摄影艺术的一个分支。近年来，随着陶瓷艺术品收藏热的持续升温，呈显著的增长态势，也使陶瓷艺术摄影问题成为一个重要的研究课题。当前从事陶瓷艺术品摄影的人员水平相差很大，既有实践经验极为丰富的专业高手，也有初入门坎的新手。这种情况使得陶瓷艺术品摄影的专业和理论学习显得非常重要。但有关陶瓷艺术品摄影的学习资料少之又少，专业培训更是缺失，与迅猛发展的现状不相适应，因此，陶瓷艺术品摄影是亟待全面开展的重要课题。 2 当代陶瓷艺术品摄影发展概说 自清末西方摄影术引入中国后，其主要用途为拍摄人像与风景，而静物拍摄则较少运用。作为静物摄影之一的陶瓷艺术品摄影，在很长一段时期内发展极为缓慢，未引起人们的重视，也极少有专职陶瓷艺术品摄影师，杰出的陶瓷艺术品佳作凤毛麟角。从建国初至改革开放之前，陶瓷艺术摄影作品受摄影技术和印刷技术的双重影响，其质感和光影表现都是欠佳的，连真实的色彩感都难以逼真呈现，更毋庸说思想意念的深层次表达了。 改革开放之后，特别近十年来，随着陶瓷艺术收藏热的日趋升温，in plaque; four people into housing estates such as temperature in the shed beside a pile of dead leaves. At this point, running footsteps village people, "down with Japan devil, dare it! to avenge dead!" Red shasheng, slogan, roar of the bullet, grenade explosions were heard. After about half an hour after the gunfire stopped, came the sound of boots trampling the enemy, flogged, inmates issued a cry of pain. At this time, 5, 6 the devil entered the Department a few people hiding the mansion, kicked open the shed door, suddenly a beam of light came in, I saw the Devil with a bayoneted gun, that pile of dry leaves dump to the corner stamp. The scene, hiding behind that plaque, Xie Chengji was seen clearly, see the danger he issued "blimey" shrieks, which fell from behind the plaque. Sheds and tossing the Devils heard the cry, they rushed onto the Hall, Xie was stabbing with bayonets, Xie Chengji was blood like a fountain, and herring. When the second batch of Devils come in, a look at the Windows and doors wide open, lay corpses in the House, only a perfunctory look at, left in a hurry. Xie's tragic death, but Wen Yongzhi, 4 people had been saved. That day, the farmers in the village virtually gone, leaving behind several people could not bear to share in the family business. In that bloody battle, the village more than more than 40 villagers were innocent of killing, Qiu surname, Wang Jia village north a peasant 陶瓷艺术摄影发展亦呈井喷之势。陶瓷艺术摄影作品的用途亦日益广泛，其用途主要有:用于保存资料、展览评奖、评定职称、发表于报刊和书籍画册等等。随着广大陶瓷艺术家及相关部门、企业、拍卖行、收藏家等对陶瓷艺术摄影的需求激增，各类专业陶瓷艺术摄影图片社不断涌现。以景德镇来说，有名人、乔生、国华等一批在陶瓷艺术圈内知名的图片社。图片社既负责使用专业器材为艺术家拍摄艺术作品，又对其进行图文排版服务，充分满足了陶瓷艺术家的迫切需求。 尽管陶瓷艺术摄影师在实践中积累了相当丰富的经验，但对其进行专业理论研究者还微乎其微，这对于陶瓷艺术摄影技术的交流与提高是非常不利的。陶瓷艺术品五花八门、千姿百态、造型多变、材质丰富、釉彩复杂，其对器材与条件的要求非常苛刻，对摄影师的陶瓷艺术内涵与文化修养亦有较高的要求。这种各自为政的局面显然将严重制约陶瓷艺术摄影的发展。 3 陶瓷艺术品摄影的构图与质感表现 清晰完美地呈现陶瓷艺术品，并使之具有强烈的美感是陶瓷艺术品摄影的根本目的，因而其构图和质感表现都非常重要。陶瓷艺术品在器型上格外复杂，各类壶、瓶、碗、盘、镶器、瓷板等等都需要我们以不同的构图方式加以表现。大多数情况下，陶瓷艺术摄影作品具有实用功能，一幅陶瓷艺术摄影作品拍摄的通常只是一件陶瓷艺术作品。因为作品需要完整呈现而不能互相遮挡。这件作品置于拍摄台上，拍摄时作品并不是处于构图的正中心，而是需要靠中in plaque; four people into housing estates such as temperature in the shed beside a pile of dead leaves. At this point, running footsteps village people, "down with Japan devil, dare it! to avenge dead!" Red shasheng, slogan, roar of the bullet, grenade explosions were heard. After about half an hour after the gunfire stopped, came the sound of boots trampling the enemy, flogged, inmates issued a cry of pain. At this time, 5, 6 the devil entered the Department a few people hiding the mansion, kicked open the shed door, suddenly a beam of light came in, I saw the Devil with a bayoneted gun, that pile of dry leaves dump to the corner stamp. The scene, hiding behind that plaque, Xie Chengji was seen clearly, see the danger he issued "blimey" shrieks, which fell from behind the plaque. Sheds and tossing the Devils heard the cry, they rushed onto the Hall, Xie was stabbing with bayonets, Xie Chengji was blood like a fountain, and herring. When the second batch of Devils come in, a look at the Windows and doors wide open, lay corpses in the House, only a perfunctory look at, left in a hurry. Xie's tragic death, but Wen Yongzhi, 4 people had been saved. That day, the farmers in the village virtually gone, leaving behind several people could not bear to share in the family business. In that bloody battle, the village more than more than 40 villagers were innocent of killing, Qiu surname, Wang Jia village north a peasant 下部，这是因为人的视觉习惯造成的。作品还需要向右略偏一点，这是因为绝大多数人的视觉习惯是从左向右移动，并且认为左半部要重于右半部，因而在构图上需要略向有偏移。按照人的视觉习惯，以”黄金分割”来摆放作品位置亦可达到较佳的视觉效果。拍摄时略呈俯角，这样就能拍摄到器物的口沿部，但要注意俯角不可过大而使器物有变形之感。有时一幅摄影作品也会摆放数件陶瓷艺术作品，比如一些成套成组的作品需要一起拍摄，这类摄影作品对构图的要求则更大。可以按照黄金分割、品字形、倒三角形、s形、对角线、线形、散点、中轴等等许多方法摆放，以最佳呈现其艺术特色与效果为原则。 在正确构图的基础上，如何将陶瓷艺术品材质的质感完美表现出来亦是陶瓷艺术摄影成功与否的关键因素。拍摄时应当以正侧光为主，以柔和光和折射光同时运用，尽量减小器物各部位之间光度的反差，这样才能完整地呈现陶瓷器物的质感。因为大多数陶瓷艺术品特别是瓷器的釉彩光亮，光线过强则必然留下耀眼的光斑，而强光会破坏所拍作品器物的纹饰、色泽乃至器型。这正是许多陶瓷艺术摄影作品存在的最大弊病，因而光线必须柔和，但在口沿部是可以适当留取一部分高光以显现出瓷质的光亮感。小的折射光在陶瓷器物表面并不光滑的情况下，对于质感的表现非常重要。尤其是在拍摄一些以质感取胜的现代陶艺作品，以折射光可以充分呈现其表面凹凸不平的状态。总之，在拍摄前应当注意各类陶瓷质感的差别，in plaque; four people into housing estates such as temperature in the shed beside a pile of dead leaves. At this point, running footsteps village people, "down with Japan devil, dare it! to avenge dead!" Red shasheng, slogan, roar of the bullet, grenade explosions were heard. After about half an hour after the gunfire stopped, came the sound of boots trampling the enemy, flogged, inmates issued a cry of pain. At this time, 5, 6 the devil entered the Department a few people hiding the mansion, kicked open the shed door, suddenly a beam of light came in, I saw the Devil with a bayoneted gun, that pile of dry leaves dump to the corner stamp. The scene, hiding behind that plaque, Xie Chengji was seen clearly, see the danger he issued "blimey" shrieks, which fell from behind the plaque. Sheds and tossing the Devils heard the cry, they rushed onto the Hall, Xie was stabbing with bayonets, Xie Chengji was blood like a fountain, and herring. When the second batch of Devils come in, a look at the Windows and doors wide open, lay corpses in the House, only a perfunctory look at, left in a hurry. Xie's tragic death, but Wen Yongzhi, 4 people had been saved. That day, the farmers in the village virtually gone, leaving behind several people could not bear to share in the family business. In that bloody battle, the village more than more than 40 villagers were innocent of killing, Qiu surname, Wang Jia village north a peasant 调整出适当的灯光以突出其质感。 4 陶瓷艺术品摄影的思想表达 以合适美观的构图表现出陶瓷艺术品的形、色、肌理等质感还仅仅是普通的陶瓷艺术摄影作品，而要完成完美的陶瓷艺术摄影作品，还需要有思想的表达，没有思想表达的作品是不具备生命力的。 陶瓷艺术品摄影的思想表达首先需要摄影师对陶瓷艺术有较深的理解，一个对陶瓷艺术一知半解的摄影师很难想象其陶瓷艺术品摄影能达到很高的思想境界。陶瓷艺术摄影师应当热爱陶瓷艺术并主动积极地学习陶瓷艺术，只有这样才能在不断地实践中成长为一位杰出的陶瓷摄影艺术家。陶瓷艺术装饰形式非常复杂，有釉上、釉下、釉中、镂雕、刻划、色釉等等，每件作品都蕴含着作者的个人艺术风格，这些都要求摄影师能够悉心揣摩，最好能对作者有所了解。 摄影师在力图表达陶瓷艺术品摄影的思想内涵时应注意以下基本原则:首先是以简为要。陶瓷艺术品摄影应尽量突出作品本身，任何与作品无关的事物都必须舍弃，作品应以简洁的黑色或黑白渐变色为背景，避免使用明丽色彩作为背景，以使作品呈现出宁静肃穆的艺术氛围。衬托作品的雅致意境。一般来讲，陶瓷艺术摄影不需要道具作为辅助。但有时也需要选择一定的道具来更好地表达陶瓷艺术作品主题，如在花瓶中插一枝花。道具力求简洁、直切主题，并且不能破坏作品的完整性;其次，要根据作品的主题思想确定合适的色调。例如，表现重大政治主题的陶瓷艺术作品则需要使用暖in plaque; four people into housing estates such as temperature in the shed beside a pile of dead leaves. At this point, running footsteps village people, "down with Japan devil, dare it! to avenge dead!" Red shasheng, slogan, roar of the bullet, grenade explosions were heard. After about half an hour after the gunfire stopped, came the sound of boots trampling the enemy, flogged, inmates issued a cry of pain. At this time, 5, 6 the devil entered the Department a few people hiding the mansion, kicked open the shed door, suddenly a beam of light came in, I saw the Devil with a bayoneted gun, that pile of dry leaves dump to the corner stamp. The scene, hiding behind that plaque, Xie Chengji was seen clearly, see the danger he issued "blimey" shrieks, which fell from behind the plaque. Sheds and tossing the Devils heard the cry, they rushed onto the Hall, Xie was stabbing with bayonets, Xie Chengji was blood like a fountain, and herring. When the second batch of Devils come in, a look at the Windows and doors wide open, lay corpses in the House, only a perfunctory look at, left in a hurry. Xie's tragic death, but Wen Yongzhi, 4 people had been saved. That day, the farmers in the village virtually gone, leaving behind several people could not bear to share in the family business. In that bloody battle, the village more than more than 40 villagers were innocent of killing, Qiu surname, Wang Jia village north a peasant 色调来加以表现，给人一种奋发进取、积极向上的感觉;而表现雪景的陶瓷艺术作品则需要使用冷色调来表现其萧瑟之感;要使作品呈现柔和之感可以运用调和色。需要非常注意的是，一幅陶瓷艺术摄影作品只能有一种色调，即使陶瓷艺术彩绘中出现强烈的对比色，也要设法使之调和，使各色调融合为一体，以使其表达主题思想达到统一。最后是拍摄面的合理选择，陶瓷艺术作品大都呈立体结构，因而陶瓷艺术摄影师必须选取最能体现思想主题的一面进行拍摄，选取失败则可能使观者无法体察到作品的思想境界，这也是作品成功的关键因素之一。 5 结语 笔者其上所述陶瓷艺术品摄影之表现手法乃管窥之见，其实际操作情况远复杂于此，需要陶瓷艺术品摄影师在理论指导下，在不断地实践探索中循序渐进，共同完善陶瓷艺术摄影技术，为广大的陶瓷艺术家、媒体、收藏家等奉上优秀的陶瓷艺术摄影作品，以满足当前日益增长的需要。 in plaque; four people into housing estates such as temperature in the shed beside a pile of dead leaves. At this point, running footsteps village people, "down with Japan devil, dare it! to avenge dead!" Red shasheng, slogan, roar of the bullet, grenade explosions were heard. After about half an hour after the gunfire stopped, came the sound of boots trampling the enemy, flogged, inmates issued a cry of pain. At this time, 5, 6 the devil entered the Department a few people hiding the mansion, kicked open the shed door, suddenly a beam of light came in, I saw the Devil with a bayoneted gun, that pile of dry leaves dump to the corner stamp. The scene, hiding behind that plaque, Xie Chengji was seen clearly, see the danger he issued "blimey" shrieks, which fell from behind the plaque. Sheds and tossing the Devils heard the cry, they rushed onto the Hall, Xie was stabbing with bayonets, Xie Chengji was blood like a fountain, and herring. When the second batch of Devils come in, a look at the Windows and doors wide open, lay corpses in the House, only a perfunctory look at, left in a hurry. Xie's tragic death, but Wen Yongzhi, 4 people had been saved. That day, the farmers in the village virtually gone, leaving behind several people could not bear to share in the family business. In that bloody battle, the village more than more than 40 villagers were innocent of killing, Qiu surname, Wang Jia village north a peasant