小学语文教学论文:浅谈小学作文教学的点滴体会文档
小学语文教学论文:浅谈小学作文教学的点滴体会
一、激发学生的写作兴趣,使他们乐写、爱写叶圣陶先生曾说过::写作的根源是发
的欲望,正如说话一样,胸中有所积蓄,不吐不快。:可见,作文教学中,激发写作兴趣,使学生乐于写是写好作文的关键。为了调动学生作文的兴趣,教师在训练过程中,应始终注意通过多种方式,着力培养学生观察生活、表达见闻感受的兴趣和积极的情感,使他们乐于观察,乐于写作。
1、打开学生心灵的窗户。
小学儿童由于他们的年龄特点,在接触新鲜事物或自己感到有趣的事情时,总会情不自禁的想说出来。教师要利用孩子的这些特点因势利导,有意识的组织他们在一起聊一聊。如:在进行完激烈的拔河比赛后,教师及时组织学生聊天,只要内容与拔河有关便可。有的学生说出自己比赛时的心情,有的说出自己是怎样拔的,有的学生分析了每局胜负的原因,还有的学生说出了比赛的紧张气氛。他们无拘无束,各抒己见。教师再根据学生的回答板书出重点,给学生理清思路,为他们完成《拔河比赛》这篇作文做好充分的准备工作,使学生能顺利完成这篇作文。
2、运用:迁移:培养兴趣。
为了调动学生作文的兴趣,教学中教师可不失时机的运用:迁移:规律,努力把学生的兴趣迁移到观察、写作上来。如:在新学年初,每个学生都买了新的学习用品,课间也挤在一起谈论自己的这些东西。教师灵活运用这件事,对学生进行引导::新的学年开始了,同学们都买了新的学习用品,老师也想买一样学习用品送给小妹妹,可又不知买什么样的好,你们能帮帮老师吗,:孩子们一下子来神儿了,有的推荐书包、有的推荐铅笔盒,还有的推荐橡皮、尺子等。在此基础上,教师进一步要求他们把向老师推荐的东西介绍得更详细些。如,说出物品的形状、颜色、图案、用途等。孩子们一下子沉默了,说不出了,但是,机灵的孩子马上认真的观察起自己的学习用品,又滔滔不绝地说起来,并且说得很详细,因为他们都希望老师能买和他们用的一样的学习用品。在充分说的基础上,教师再巧妙的引导学生把说的写下来,一篇《我的学习用品》便完成了,而且收到了非常好的效果。
二、打破思维定势,培养学生作文的创新意识1997年诺贝尔物理奖获得者朱律文教授在比较中外学生差异时指出::中国学生学习很刻苦,书本成绩好,但动手能力差,创新精神明显不足。:美籍华人反映:美国的大学生写毕业论文时常有独特的创新见解,而我国留1.6.1 sweeping, washing preparations (1) after the pressure test is completed, before purging: purging of piping system; (2) should be made available in accordance with the owner's sweeping plan to draw sweeping system detail; (3) prepare the provisional purging, flushing tube, temporary filter, bypass or blind plate, and mark on the single line diagram; (4) ready to purge and test tools, such as: target, transparent glass. (5) the blowing and washing method: medium control norms according to the Institute's select a purging, flushing method, water steam, air purge, purge, and so on. 1.6.2 water flushing (1) rinse water should be clean water, stainless steel tubes used in the rinse water, water CL-in 25PPM; (2) water pressure should not exceed the working pressure of the pipe, using the maximum flow rate for washing; (3) providing canal irrigation should be in charge of the rinse and flush; (4) the instrument valve cannot be removed ... By-pass, wash downstream parts of the pipeline. (5) take exit of the flushing line with glasses of water, check whether the water color and transparency consistent with the entrance is qualified. After passing the line, water should be drained; (6) if the water pipes, design or party files require drying, you should dry it with compressed air. 1.6.3 air purge (1) air purge media should be no pollution and air under pressure, the pressure of sweeping shall not exceed the working pressure; (2) the competent first purge, then pipe purge; (3) devices are unlikely to participate in the purge, equipment and pipelines should be separated, and to protect the device, preventing rust, and pollutants to the top. (4) the purge should be clearly identified to prevent hurt; (5) by the owner, supervisor, principal of check purge outlet, no rust, debris, and other, confirmed the pipeline purging qualified. 1.6.4 steam purging (1) before steam blowing pressure test and insulation should be completed;
学生写毕业论文时却四平入稳,墨守成规,缺乏创新和突破。为什么会出现这种现象呢,追根溯源,是由于我们的教育思维习惯和长期形成的思维定势所致。长期以来,我们作文教学运用同向思维(即一种定式)的思维方式,使学生思想僵化,不敢创新,不敢越雷池一步。创新意识强的人总能够从不寻常的独特视角来研究问
,这种独特的视角就是求异思维。什么是求异思维,吉尔福特对求异思维曾下过这样一个定义,从所给的信息中产生信息,从同来源中产生各样为数众多的输出。按照这个定义,我们认为,求异思维要求作者在审题、立意构思的整个思维过程中,要突破常规思维的束纪,使思维沿着不同方向、不同角度扩散,得出不同一般的结论。曹冲称象、司马光砸缸救小孩的
就是克服思维定势采用求异思维方法解决问题的典范。许多新颖的作文题目都是来自求异思维的结果。如《为:王婆:辩屈》(源于王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸)、《开卷本必有益人》、《卫生所不卫生》等。
三、扩大阅读,丰富知识,为学生作文创作奠定基础作文是各种知识的综合运用,没有丰厚的知识,是很难写出思想深刻、内容丰富、新颖别致的好作文来,所以教师要教育学生,要多读课外书籍,特别是那些名著,甚至自然科学知识,也要了解一些。正如培根所说:读史使人明智,读诗使人巧意,数学使人精微,博物使人深沉,伦理使人庄重,逻辑与修辞使人善辨:。
为了更好地引导学生阅读和作文,教师可组织一些读书班会或专题沙龙,让学生交流读书心得体会,或以讲故事、开辩论会等形式来锻炼口才。再通过办墙报、校园文学报等形式提高学生的书面作文水平。学生在广泛阅读中,从古今中外名著和大量诗文中汲取了健康的思想和艺术精髓,同时也积累了大量词汇和第二手作文
。通过阅读,学生视野开阔了,知识丰富了,思维活跃了,再不会为:无米之炊‘而苦恼。
四、加强思维方式训练,培养学生作文创新能力学生作文的过程是对小学生形象思维和抽象思维的综合训练过程。叶圣陶老先生曾指出::心有所思、情有所感,而后才有撰作:。可见:思:是作文的最初阶段。儿童作文是儿童思维的产物,也是作文能力表现的前提。
教给学生思维方法,训练小学生思维,需要老师的引导。在引导过程中,让学生探索以小见大,由此及彼、由表及里、由浅入深的思维方式。为加强思维方法的训练,或结合课文、或结合范文,或结合学生生活实例,让学生触景生情,触类旁通,联想思考。这样长期注重思维训练,学生认识水平明显提高,并学会了运用逆向思维。多向思维、外向思维等多种方法作文,写出的作文别出心裁、意想不到、耳目一新,如:《楼房高了,蓝天少了》、《我与凡卡比童年》、《步行街呼唤文明》、《:三国:卡热潮》等作文,充满童趣,又散发出理性思维的光芒。
1.6.1 sweeping, washing preparations (1) after the pressure test is completed, before purging: purging of piping system; (2) should be made available in accordance with the owner's sweeping plan to draw sweeping system detail; (3) prepare the provisional purging, flushing tube, temporary filter, bypass or blind plate, and mark on the single line diagram; (4) ready to purge and test tools, such as: target, transparent glass. (5) the blowing and washing method: medium control norms according to the Institute's select a purging, flushing method, water steam, air purge, purge, and so on. 1.6.2 water flushing (1) rinse water should be clean water, stainless steel tubes used in the rinse water, water CL-in 25PPM; (2) water pressure should not exceed the working pressure of the pipe, using the maximum flow rate for washing; (3) providing canal irrigation should be in charge of the rinse and flush; (4) the instrument valve cannot be removed ... By-pass, wash downstream parts of the pipeline. (5) take exit of the flushing line with glasses of water, check whether the water color and transparency consistent with the entrance is qualified. After passing the line, water should be drained; (6) if the water pipes, design or party files require drying, you should dry it with compressed air. 1.6.3 air purge (1) air purge media should be no pollution and air under pressure, the pressure of sweeping shall not exceed the working pressure; (2) the competent first purge, then pipe purge; (3) devices are unlikely to participate in the purge, equipment and pipelines should be separated, and to protect the device, preventing rust, and pollutants to the top. (4) the purge should be clearly identified to prevent hurt; (5) by the owner, supervisor, principal of check purge outlet, no rust, debris, and other, confirmed the pipeline purging qualified. 1.6.4 steam purging (1) before steam blowing pressure test and insulation should be completed;
利用活动训练学生的思维能力和写作能力,作文教学应当把训练学生的创新思维放在首位,训练学生创新思维,可以渗透到活动中去,如欣赏音乐作文,我是利用学生在音乐课中学到的节奏、旋律等知识,播放一段音乐让学生欣赏和分析,体味乐曲的情感和意境,产生共鸣,再进行形象思维,在头脑中构建创造出符合本曲主题的连续画面,最后引导学生用生动形象的语言表达出来。
五、因地制宜的运用教学策略,促进学生作文创新能力(1)引导求异、求新思维。学生作文是综合运用语文知识的训练,教师引导学生读懂、读精课文,分析、探讨作者的学作技巧,获得与他人和前人不同的独特的见解,形成求异思维品质。学生作文中只要有一点求异思维的思路、语言,教师应该给予分析指点、表扬鼓励,以激发学生的求异思维。要特别重视学生作文中与众不同的观点和独树一帜的见解,这是学生形成主见意识的幼芽,教师应该加以保护和培植。
(2)设立自主自能作文。进行作文的自我训练是学生自我建设、独立奋斗、实现自我发展的过程。在这个过程中,学生积极的感知、操作、观察、分析、探索,依靠自己的力量进行自主学习不仅智力品质得到发展,首创精神也得到了培养。自主作文,通常可以用日记(周记)的形式来完成,学生自主的选题、选材,取各自想写、好写、乐写的内容,各展所长,发挥各自优势,这样写出来的作文不仅极具特色,而且也使学生的个性得到发展,创新能力得到培养。
(3)拓展观察思考空间。生活是作文之源,要想作文创新,文章本体的材料必须向生活提取。叶圣陶指出::生活就如泉源,文章犹如溪水,泉源丰盛而不枯竭,溪水自然活泼地流个不歇。:因而,指导学生作文创新要充分发挥课堂教学的幅射、导向、延伸功能,把学生作文同学校、社会的实践活动紧密结合起来,让学生在学会生活、增强实践能力中,提高分析、判断事物的能力,拓展主见思路。
总之,只要我们在语文教学中有培养学生创新素质的意识,采取切实可行的方法,学生的创新思维一定能激活,创新作文能力一定能提高,学生独特个性一定能得到发展。松和谐的评述氛围随着新世纪知识经济、信息化时代的到来,社会需要的是有个性、有特长、有创新能力的人才。培养学生个性发展应是当前教育改革的主要任务之一。学校教育必须从单一的选择性教育变为发展性教育、从求平(全都考100分)转向承认差异,加强基础、发展个性、面向全体学生,让学生学会生活,学会学习,学会做人,能够创新。教育要以学生为本,因材施教、扬长避短、各尽其能,使每个学生的个性都得到最大可能的发展。 根据对我县部分小学现状的调查,现在每学期表彰鼓励面窄、量小,学校班级对鼓励表扬控制很严,“三1.6.1 sweeping, washing preparations (1) after the pressure test is completed, before purging: purging of piping system; (2) should be made available in accordance with the owner's sweeping plan to draw sweeping system detail; (3) prepare the provisional purging, flushing tube, temporary filter, bypass or blind plate, and mark on the single line diagram; (4) ready to purge and test tools, such as: target, transparent glass. (5) the blowing and washing method: medium control norms according to the Institute's select a purging, flushing method, water steam, air purge, purge, and so on. 1.6.2 water flushing (1) rinse water should be clean water, stainless steel tubes used in the rinse water, water CL-in 25PPM; (2) water pressure should not exceed the working pressure of the pipe, using the maximum flow rate for washing; (3) providing canal irrigation should be in charge of the rinse and flush; (4) the instrument valve cannot be removed ... By-pass, wash downstream parts of the pipeline. (5) take exit of the flushing line with glasses of water, check whether the water color and transparency consistent with the entrance is qualified. After passing the line, water should be drained; (6) if the water pipes, design or party files require drying, you should dry it with compressed air. 1.6.3 air purge (1) air purge media should be no pollution and air under pressure, the pressure of sweeping shall not exceed the working pressure; (2) the competent first purge, then pipe purge; (3) devices are unlikely to participate in the purge, equipment and pipelines should be separated, and to protect the device, preventing rust, and pollutants to the top. (4) the purge should be clearly identified to prevent hurt; (5) by the owner, supervisor, principal of check purge outlet, no rust, debris, and other, confirmed the pipeline purging qualified. 1.6.4 steam purging (1) before steam blowing pressure test and insulation should be completed;
好学生”的比例只在15,左右,且大多集中在学习成绩比较好的学生身上,班级中约10,的学生几乎年年有份,而绝大多数的学生与表彰奖励无缘,这种奖励
对激励后进生、挖掘其潜力作用不大。学校、教师平时对学生只抓学习,抓学习也只重视求同、补差,教学方法落后,没有把学生的个性发展放到重要地位。我们在教育教学活动中,应多给学生创造施展各种才能的机会和条件,充分发展每一个学生个性特长,通过学生个性发展来重新建构学生的自信,鼓励学生从成功走向辉煌。 如何做到发展学生个性,我们可以做以下一些尝试:建立县、乡、校、班评价“学生个性特长”项目体系,为学生个性特长的发展提供展示平台,活动项目体系化,评价组织网络化、评价标准科学化、个性化、公开化,评定奖励定期化。整个评价体系分为四级:县级、乡镇级、校级、班级。班级项目由学生根据自己的个性特长,自己申报项目,班主任老师审核,只要合情合理,符合学生身心发展规律的都可以立项。校级项目根据各年级立项情况,以及学校的实际情况设置校级项目。各校的立项、汇总到乡(镇),中心校根据本乡镇民情、校情,选取有广泛群众基础的项目为镇级特长项目。县级项目则根据县情选定一些特长项目。学生人人都可以有自己的特长项目,在不同层次发挥自己的特长,有了更多的成功机会,这样可以充分体现以学生为主体的教学方式,张扬个性,发现、发展特长,全面提高学生各方面素质,同时也增强了学生创新意识,培养了学生的创新能力。 通过长期的实践,能得到以下五点体会: 1(特长得到发现(包括自己显现),经过学校教师以及社会各方面培养,使学生的个性特长得到发展,也为学生的全面发展打下良好基础。 2(由于学生的个性特长得到培养,促进了学生非智力因素的发展,进而使学生对文化学习有新的认识,学习的自觉性得到提高,学生综合素质也得到大幅度提高。 3(全体学生在学校的正确引导下,都有了自己的特长爱好,学校的学风、校风得到进一步优化,这种影响力是无形而巨大的。 4(学校、教师通过对学生个性特长的重视、培养,学生能从悲观情绪中摆脱出来,在每次成功的喜悦中,使他们对于生活充满自信,还能逐步纠正部分学生心理偏差。 5(通过这项活动能进一步沟通师生的心理,情感关系,有利于学生健康成长。 在实际工作中,还要正确处理好几个关系: 第一,处理好发展学生个性特长与学好功课的关系。作为小学生学好功课是前提,是个性特长进一步发展的基础。个性特长的良好发展,会促进个性心理品质健康发展,进而促进学生更好地学习各门功课。二者辩证统一,并非完全对立。 第二,处理好学生自主性与教师主导性的关系。在活动中要充分发挥教师、学校正确引导的作用,帮助学生选择科学的特长项目,并教育学生要持之以恒,鼓励学生不怕艰难险阻,去克服困难,争取胜利。在活动中学校、教师要对学生进行必要的安全知识教育,并传授一定的防护知识和技能。 第三,正确处理好学校教师中人才短缺与社会人才引进的关系。目前农村小学教师中具有各类特长的人才非常少,限于多方条件自己培养难以做到。因此要想方设同时加强对本校人才培养,以解决特长师资问题。
1.6.1 sweeping, washing preparations (1) after the pressure test is completed, before purging: purging of piping system; (2) should be made available in accordance with the owner's sweeping plan to draw sweeping system detail; (3) prepare the provisional purging, flushing tube, temporary filter, bypass or blind plate, and mark on the single line diagram; (4) ready to purge and test tools, such as: target, transparent glass. (5) the blowing and washing method: medium control norms according to the Institute's select a purging, flushing method, water steam, air purge, purge, and so on. 1.6.2 water flushing (1) rinse water should be clean water, stainless steel tubes used in the rinse water, water CL-in 25PPM; (2) water pressure should not exceed the working pressure of the pipe, using the maximum flow rate for washing; (3) providing canal irrigation should be in charge of the rinse and flush; (4) the instrument valve cannot be removed ... By-pass, wash downstream parts of the pipeline. (5) take exit of the flushing line with glasses of water, check whether the water color and transparency consistent with the entrance is qualified. After passing the line, water should be drained; (6) if the water pipes, design or party files require drying, you should dry it with compressed air. 1.6.3 air purge (1) air purge media should be no pollution and air under pressure, the pressure of sweeping shall not exceed the working pressure; (2) the competent first purge, then pipe purge; (3) devices are unlikely to participate in the purge, equipment and pipelines should be separated, and to protect the device, preventing rust, and pollutants to the top. (4) the purge should be clearly identified to prevent hurt; (5) by the owner, supervisor, principal of check purge outlet, no rust, debris, and other, confirmed the pipeline purging qualified. 1.6.4 steam purging (1) before steam blowing pressure test and insulation should be completed;
1.6.1 sweeping, washing preparations (1) after the pressure test is completed, before purging: purging of piping system; (2) should be made available in accordance with the owner's sweeping plan to draw sweeping system detail; (3) prepare the provisional purging, flushing tube, temporary filter, bypass or blind plate, and mark on the single line diagram; (4) ready to purge and test tools, such as: target, transparent glass. (5) the blowing and washing method: medium control norms according to the Institute's select a purging, flushing method, water steam, air purge, purge, and so on. 1.6.2 water flushing (1) rinse water should be clean water, stainless steel tubes used in the rinse water, water CL-in 25PPM; (2) water pressure should not exceed the working pressure of the pipe, using the maximum flow rate for washing; (3) providing canal irrigation should be in charge of the rinse and flush; (4) the instrument valve cannot be removed ... By-pass, wash downstream parts of the pipeline. (5) take exit of the flushing line with glasses of water, check whether the water color and transparency consistent with the entrance is qualified. After passing the line, water should be drained; (6) if the water pipes, design or party files require drying, you should dry it with compressed air. 1.6.3 air purge (1) air purge media should be no pollution and air under pressure, the pressure of sweeping shall not exceed the working pressure; (2) the competent first purge, then pipe purge; (3) devices are unlikely to participate in the purge, equipment and pipelines should be separated, and to protect the device, preventing rust, and pollutants to the top. (4) the purge should be clearly identified to prevent hurt; (5) by the owner, supervisor, principal of check purge outlet, no rust, debris, and other, confirmed the pipeline purging qualified. 1.6.4 steam purging (1) before steam blowing pressure test and insulation should be completed;