幼儿倾听能力的培养

幼儿倾听能力的培养 倾听是儿童感知和理解语言的行为现，对幼儿语言学习的发展来说，倾听是不可缺少的一种行为能力，在以往的幼儿语言教育实践中，有关倾听行为的培养虽然常叨念在口中，但真正如何来实施往往缺少可行的、方法，从而影响了幼儿在人际交往时对语言的理解水平，同时也影响了他们其它语言能力的发展。我班55名幼儿都是刚入园的幼儿，有的上过托儿所，有的从家里直接到学前班，他们对群体生活还不是很熟悉，对老师，同伴的交谈往往随便打断，有的不能安静地听别人说话，有的不愿听别人说话，有的听不懂普通话，有的不能理解教师的指令。 因此，我对这些刚入园的幼儿进行了倾听能力的培养，最初就有意培养他们的倾听能力，逐步养成自觉，良好的倾听习惯。 为了掌握幼儿最初的倾听情况，在开学不久，我就对幼儿进行了测查，其结果是: 听和谐悦耳的声音 35% 听到别人说话 28% 在集体中听老师和同伴说话 11% 听懂普通话 95% 倾听时注意说话人口形辨别语音 26% 安静听别人说话 38% 不打断别人说话 35% 对简单指令的理解 26% Cardiovascular Medicine (with rooms) 4 kidney 2 respiratory medicine Department of Hematology, 3 2 Gastroenterology 3 of Endocrinology and metabolism section 2 Department of medical imaging (including ultrasound and nuclear medicine rooms) 3 2 Emergency Department of Neurology (intensive care unit), 4 (b) alternative Web Department Department Department Department of internal medicine outpatient infections rheumatic Psychiatry Internal Medicine Dermatology pathology Medicine Department of clinical laboratory science surgery Anesthesiology obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology (radiotherapy) Three, and training content and requirements (a) cardiovascular medical 4 months (containing cardiovascular medical outpatient 2 week and ECG room) 1. Rotary purpose master: cardiovascular system of Anatomy and physiological; heart conduction system of Anatomy and function features; rhythm disorders of occurred mechanism and classification; common cardiovascular disease of onset mechanism, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and processing; acute coronary artery integrated levy (ACS) of points type, and diagnosis and processing; cardiovascular disease common drug of clinical application; common heart x line diagnosis; Typical electrocardiogram diagnosis cardioversion technology. About: cardiac 从以上表中可以看出，多数幼儿对倾听时能够注意说话人的口形，正确辨别语音及对简单指令的理解较差，在集体中安静地听老师和同伴说话的行为也不甚理想。因此， 面对这些情况我借助于多种教学形式，寓教于乐来提高幼儿倾听的兴趣及能力。 (三)、具体实施过程 1、 运用多种形式激起幼儿乐于听，喜欢听的兴趣。幼儿对某种活动产生强烈的兴趣和求知欲，是实现教学目的的重要前提。经过观察，幼儿对美的、有趣的一些故事、童话、儿歌、美的音乐、美的画面欣赏时，绝大多数幼儿倾听，注视的时间较长，于是我努力做到:?、精选教材，选择一些符合幼儿特点，情节有趣，意境优美，语言浅显易懂的作品作为欣赏教材。如散文诗《绿色的和灰色的》、《落叶》、童话故事《鼹鼠的皮鞋》等，这些作品意境优美，语言富有童趣，很容易吸引孩子。?、为了更恰如其分地表现文学作品的内容，使幼儿产生更想听的愿望，我尽可能地根据作品的特点情节，选择合适的音乐，配上朗诵，讲述。如在教诗歌《秋叶》，散文诗《小树叶》时我配上了优美富有诗意的钢琴曲《秋日的私语》，幼儿在这种气氛之下往往会非常投入地听，不知不觉地进入作品之中。?、为了使幼儿不出现听了一遍就不想听的现象，我还运用配画的形式来引起幼儿倾听的兴趣，为一首优美的作品配上一幅色彩鲜艳，构思巧妙的图画，既能帮助幼儿边看边听加深对作品的理解，还能引起幼儿无限的想像。同时，我在讲述或朗诵时，运用语言，语调，语态用声情并茂的语言氛围来感染孩子，使他们乐于听。?、其次是运用游戏的方法让幼儿Cardiovascular Medicine (with rooms) 4 kidney 2 respiratory medicine Department of Hematology, 3 2 Gastroenterology 3 of Endocrinology and metabolism section 2 Department of medical imaging (including ultrasound and nuclear medicine rooms) 3 2 Emergency Department of Neurology (intensive care unit), 4 (b) alternative Web Department Department Department Department of internal medicine outpatient infections rheumatic Psychiatry Internal Medicine Dermatology pathology Medicine Department of clinical laboratory science surgery Anesthesiology obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology (radiotherapy) Three, and training content and requirements (a) cardiovascular medical 4 months (containing cardiovascular medical outpatient 2 week and ECG room) 1. Rotary purpose master: cardiovascular system of Anatomy and physiological; heart conduction system of Anatomy and function features; rhythm disorders of occurred mechanism and classification; common cardiovascular disease of onset mechanism, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and processing; acute coronary artery integrated levy (ACS) of points type, and diagnosis and processing; cardiovascular disease common drug of clinical application; common heart x line diagnosis; Typical electrocardiogram diagnosis cardioversion technology. About: cardiac 乐意听，喜欢听，游戏是幼儿所喜爱的，符合孩子年龄特点的活动，他们在游戏时都较投入，以游戏的口吻和幼儿说话，幼儿也容易接受。如我在开展“听话传话”的游戏时，要求幼儿集中注意倾听一句话或几名话，然后将话传给别人，以培养他们理解语言内容，把握重要语言信息的能力。幼儿在游戏中都表现为喜欢听也乐意听，能积极地把话传给别人。 2、 运用生动的直观形象，让幼儿“听得懂”。 在入园初期，幼儿注意力极不稳定，易分散，有的幼儿对一些普通话听不懂，有的幼儿不理解语义，内容，对语音语调的感知能力也较差，从而影响了幼儿的倾听。所以，在刚开始，我非常注意运用生动的直观形象。首先语言生动，特别注重说话的轻、重、快、慢，并做一些适当的夸张。其次是做一些形象动作帮助幼儿理解，对小动物的一些动作，我往往是一边说，一边跳，这样幼儿就能够注意听。再次是运用教具，如听儿歌时幼儿听了几遍就会不想听，这时可让幼儿一边看木偶表演一边倾听，幼儿还是较乐意听，并容易懂得。 3、 培养幼儿善于倾听的能力 ?、在平时观察中，幼儿集中注意听别人说话的习惯较差，故在平时我要求幼儿认真倾听同伴或他人说话，做到有始有终，不随意打断别人，并能对别人的讲述作出，以检查听的任务完成的如何，在别人讲故事或朗诵诗歌时，要安静专注地听，要听明白故事或诗歌里说的事，并简述出来。要使幼儿善于倾听，作为教师要乐于听，给幼儿一种示范榜样作用，潜移默化地影响他们。每当幼儿讲述时，我Cardiovascular Medicine (with rooms) 4 kidney 2 respiratory medicine Department of Hematology, 3 2 Gastroenterology 3 of Endocrinology and metabolism section 2 Department of medical imaging (including ultrasound and nuclear medicine rooms) 3 2 Emergency Department of Neurology (intensive care unit), 4 (b) alternative Web Department Department Department Department of internal medicine outpatient infections rheumatic Psychiatry Internal Medicine Dermatology pathology Medicine Department of clinical laboratory science surgery Anesthesiology obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology (radiotherapy) Three, and training content and requirements (a) cardiovascular medical 4 months (containing cardiovascular medical outpatient 2 week and ECG room) 1. Rotary purpose master: cardiovascular system of Anatomy and physiological; heart conduction system of Anatomy and function features; rhythm disorders of occurred mechanism and classification; common cardiovascular disease of onset mechanism, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and processing; acute coronary artery integrated levy (ACS) of points type, and diagnosis and processing; cardiovascular disease common drug of clinical application; common heart x line diagnosis; Typical electrocardiogram diagnosis cardioversion technology. About: cardiac 通过手势或其他体态语言来表示浓厚的听的兴趣，以此感染幼儿。?、为了培养幼儿的善于倾听，我还经常利用有趣的童话故事，儿歌，突出让幼儿听不同的声音，听人物，动物的对话。如小兔清脆的声音，大灰狼凶狠的话语，小猫缓慢好听的声音，小狗急躁，快速的语调，老人和小孩说话的不同声音，语调，还有大自然中风声、雨声、雷鸣、闪电的声音，让幼儿分辨不同声音。教学中常向幼儿提出与内容有关的问题，促使幼儿不仅要注意听讲，而且更要注意听讲些什么。如让幼儿听故事《小羊和狼》，不仅要幼儿听各种动物不同的语调，小羊害怕的声音，大灰狼凶狠的话语，大象粗重缓慢的语调……而且要求小朋友听听故事里哪几个小动物帮助了小羊，又是如何帮助小羊的,以此让幼儿掌握听故事的内容，逐步培养幼儿善于倾听的技能。?、精心设计提问来提高幼儿善于倾听的能力。在教育中我不急于求成，而是给幼儿充分听的机会，让他们听出眉目来，如在欣赏诗《小树叶》时，我反复让幼儿听了四次，(不出现图片教师也不作任何暗示)让幼儿充分地，整体地感受诗歌中的语言美，激发听赏兴趣，然后借助探索性和启发性的提问，例如，a、假如让你听着这首诗画一幅美丽的图画，你的画里会有些什么,b、这首诗里的我是谁,c、这片小树叶长在哪里呢,为什么,d、风来告诉小树叶一件什么事,于是小树叶就怎么做了,再启发幼儿围绕诗歌来提出不懂的问题，如有的问出了“随风”是什么意思等，这样引导幼儿一步步地思考、想象、理解，让幼儿充分领会作品含义，了解听赏水平，从而提高听的水平。 4、 把“倾听”学习寓于多种活动中 Cardiovascular Medicine (with rooms) 4 kidney 2 respiratory medicine Department of Hematology, 3 2 Gastroenterology 3 of Endocrinology and metabolism section 2 Department of medical imaging (including ultrasound and nuclear medicine rooms) 3 2 Emergency Department of Neurology (intensive care unit), 4 (b) alternative Web Department Department Department Department of internal medicine outpatient infections rheumatic Psychiatry Internal Medicine Dermatology pathology Medicine Department of clinical laboratory science surgery Anesthesiology obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology (radiotherapy) Three, and training content and requirements (a) cardiovascular medical 4 months (containing cardiovascular medical outpatient 2 week and ECG room) 1. Rotary purpose master: cardiovascular system of Anatomy and physiological; heart conduction system of Anatomy and function features; rhythm disorders of occurred mechanism and classification; common cardiovascular disease of onset mechanism, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and processing; acute coronary artery integrated levy (ACS) of points type, and diagnosis and processing; cardiovascular disease common drug of clinical application; common heart x line diagnosis; Typical electrocardiogram diagnosis cardioversion technology. About: cardiac 在平时，我还把“倾听”的学习寓于学习生活常规，学习音乐，作业，游戏之中，不错过任何训练的机会。例如:学习“生活常规”中要求幼儿倾听并理解教师对生活常规操作过程的讲解，然后按规定行动;音乐活动中要求幼儿倾听教师布置的活动任务并坚持完成，分辨音的强弱变化，如《高人和矮人》等;作业中如体育课时先听指令后行动;美术作业中先听讲解后作画;常识作业中先听说明要求再操作，等等。游戏“找朋友”中(针对对语音的听辨能力)，让幼儿在同伴的姓名中，在物体名称中找相同音，进而在句子中找相同音让幼儿在游戏中提高倾听能力。又如游戏“小小录音机”，让两个幼儿互为“录音机”，一方“录音”(随意说一句话)，另一方“放音”，将对方句子一字不漏地重述出来，由于游戏中配有动作，“开”、“关”录音机，会有输赢规则(说错判为录音机坏了)，幼儿常乐此不彼，而倾听能力在反复的练习中，不知不觉地得到了不断的加强提高。 (四)、实验结果分析 经过一学期的培养，教育，我用测查的方法，又一次对本班幼儿进行了测查，结果如下: 听和谐悦耳的声音 68% 听到别人说话 43% 在集体中听老师和同伴说话 53% 听懂普通话 99% 倾听时注意说话人口形 58% 辨别语音 57% Cardiovascular Medicine (with rooms) 4 kidney 2 respiratory medicine Department of Hematology, 3 2 Gastroenterology 3 of Endocrinology and metabolism section 2 Department of medical imaging (including ultrasound and nuclear medicine rooms) 3 2 Emergency Department of Neurology (intensive care unit), 4 (b) alternative Web Department Department Department Department of internal medicine outpatient infections rheumatic Psychiatry Internal Medicine Dermatology pathology Medicine Department of clinical laboratory science surgery Anesthesiology obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology (radiotherapy) Three, and training content and requirements (a) cardiovascular medical 4 months (containing cardiovascular medical outpatient 2 week and ECG room) 1. Rotary purpose master: cardiovascular system of Anatomy and physiological; heart conduction system of Anatomy and function features; rhythm disorders of occurred mechanism and classification; common cardiovascular disease of onset mechanism, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and processing; acute coronary artery integrated levy (ACS) of points type, and diagnosis and processing; cardiovascular disease common drug of clinical application; common heart x line diagnosis; Typical electrocardiogram diagnosis cardioversion technology. About: cardiac 安静听别人说话 59% 不打断别人说话 59% 对简单指令的理解 49% 从测查结果中可看出，实验前后幼儿的倾听有明显差异，幼儿的倾听能力有明显提高较为明显的是对简单指令的理解和倾听时能注意说话人的口形正确辨别语音这方面，幼儿在听和谐悦耳的声音，听普通话，在集体中听老师和同伴说话，听别人说话时保持安静，不打断别人说话等几项中都有很大的提高。 经过一年的倾听培养，不仅激起了幼儿听的兴趣，还养成了良好的倾听习惯，教师有目的，有地培养幼儿的倾听能力对提高语言训练的质量，较快地提高幼儿的语言水平都具有一定的促进作用。这说明对新入园的幼儿进行倾听能力的培养是十分必要的，也是可行的。但对年龄较小的孩子来说，对他们“倾听”的培养不是通过某些活动就能达到的，它不仅要贯穿在专门的教育活动中，还要渗透在其它各种活动中，培养幼儿的倾听还需因人而异，个别对待，家园配合，使每一个幼儿都有不同程度的提高。 Cardiovascular Medicine (with rooms) 4 kidney 2 respiratory medicine Department of Hematology, 3 2 Gastroenterology 3 of Endocrinology and metabolism section 2 Department of medical imaging (including ultrasound and nuclear medicine rooms) 3 2 Emergency Department of Neurology (intensive care unit), 4 (b) alternative Web Department Department Department Department of internal medicine outpatient infections rheumatic Psychiatry Internal Medicine Dermatology pathology Medicine Department of clinical laboratory science surgery Anesthesiology obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology (radiotherapy) Three, and training content and requirements (a) cardiovascular medical 4 months (containing cardiovascular medical outpatient 2 week and ECG room) 1. Rotary purpose master: cardiovascular system of Anatomy and physiological; heart conduction system of Anatomy and function features; rhythm disorders of occurred mechanism and classification; common cardiovascular disease of onset mechanism, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and processing; acute coronary artery integrated levy (ACS) of points type, and diagnosis and processing; cardiovascular disease common drug of clinical application; common heart x line diagnosis; Typical electrocardiogram diagnosis cardioversion technology. About: cardiac