【精校版】2017年高考北京卷英语试题（解析版）

【精校版】2017年北京卷英语试题（解析版） 绝密?启用前 本共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分:听力理解(共三节，30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例:What is the man going to read? A(A newspaper. B(A magazine. C(A book. 答案是A。 1(When will the film start? A(At 5:00. B(At 6:00. C(At 7:00. 2(Which club will the man join? A(The film club. B(The travel club. C(The sports club. 3(What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday? A(Sunny. B(Windy. C(Snowy. 4(What does the man want to cut out of paper? A(A fish. B(A bird. C(A monkey. 5(Where does the conversation most probably take place? A(In a library. B(At a bookstore. C(In a museum. 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，15分) 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6(Why does the woman make the call? A(To make an invitation. B(To ask for information. C(To discuss a holiday plan . 7(How much does the woman need to pay for the minibus? $50. B($150. C($350. A( 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8.What are the two sperkers mainly talking about? A.Electronic waste. B.Soil pollution. C.Recyling benefits. 9.What does the woman decide to do with her cell phone in the end? A.Throw it away. B.Keep it at home. C.Sell it to be recycled. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.What is the possible relationship between the two sperkers? A.Friends. B.Wife and husband. C.Business partners. 11.Where does the woman work now? A.In a school. B.In a restaurant. C.In a travel agency. 12.What are the two sperkers going to do? A.To take a trip. B.To have a coffee. C.To attend a meeting. 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 13.What has been improved according to the speaker? A.The train station. B.The bus service. C.The parking lot. 14.How does the speaker get to her office today? A.By bus and on foot. B.By train and by bus. C.By train and on foot. 15.Who is the speaker? A.A reporter. B.A policeman. C.A photographer. 第三节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有(( 20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。 Pick-up Appointment Form Item(物品) A 16 and some magazines Overseas to 17 Destination ?Air ?Regular Delivery 5:00 18 afternoon Time to pick up A medium box Packing Customer’s information Mr. Hudson 19 89 Street,Chicago, 20 Tel:4159786 第二部分:知识运用(共两节，45 分) 第一节 单项填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，共 15 分) 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例:It’s so nice to hear from her again. ________, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need 【答案】C 考点:考查情态动词 【名师点睛】 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等 1. can 的用法: ? 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。 ? 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ? 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2.may 的用法: ?表示请求或允许 “可以，准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ? 表示可能性 “ 可能，也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 注:might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 eg: ? He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ?You might also get a headache when you work too hard. 当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 3. must的用法: ?表示义务、必要或命令 “必须, 应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow(你明天得早来。 ? 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home. The light is on. 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢。 ? must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 注意:?must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don’t have to 或needn’t ，而不用mustn’t 。 eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗, ---No, you don’t have to/ needn’t. 不，你不必。 ?can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 eg: It can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。 4. need 的用法: ? 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 eg: You needn’t come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。 ? 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。 eg: You don’t need to go now. 你不必现在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。 Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗, need的用法的助记口诀: 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。 22. —Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. A. but B. or C. for D. so 【答案】D 试题分析:A. but 但是 B. or 或者 C. for 因为 D. so因此。句意: Peter，请给我们寄明信片，这样我们就会知道你去哪游览过。根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系，故选D。 考点:考查并列连词。 【名师点睛】 并列连词的用法 1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如: Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who.有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。 2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如: The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很厉害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。 注意:for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。 3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as 等。如: He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他没去，她也没去。 The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。 23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 【答案】B 考点:考查连词。 【名师点睛】 主语从句 Subject Clauses (在主语的位置上) 1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。 That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that… Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. Who will go makes no difference. 2. wh-ever引导的从句 wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替 换 Whatever happened, he would not mind. = No matter what happened, he… 24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 【答案】A 试题分析:句意:--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样,-- 打了，他们对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去， 肯定用过去式，故选A。 考点:考查时态。 25. ______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because 【答案】C 考点:考查连词。 26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading. A. why B. where C. how D. when 【答案】B 试题分析:A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什么时候。句意:Jane 漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。根据语境可知此处是表地点的， 很容易就可选出答案B。 考点:考查连词。 27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved 【答案】C 试题分析: 句意:为了节省乘客的时间，许多航空公司现在允许他们网上打印登机牌。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。 考点:考查非谓语动词。 【名师点睛】 不定式的作状语 不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。 (1) 作目的状语，just to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)…as to…(如 此„„以便„„)如: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 (2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如: He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. He searched the room only to find nothing. (3) 作原因状语。如: We were very excited to hear the news. I’m glad to see you. (4) 作条件状语。如: 28. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. A. because B. though C. until D. since 【答案】C 考点:考查连词。 【名师点睛】 从属连词的用法 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1) 表示“当„„时候”的时间连词。主要的有when, while, as, whenever。如: Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。 (2) 表示“在„„之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如: Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 (3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如: She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。 (4) 表示“一„„就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如: I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一收到她的信就通知你。 (5) 表示“上次” “下次” “每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如: I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。 注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as /so long as, in case 等。如: Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧? 注意:在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如: If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。 3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如: He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。 29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 考点:考查时态语态。 30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 【答案】A 试题分析:句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。 考点:考查非谓语动词。 【名师点睛】 现在分词和过去分词的区别: 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义; 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 分词的作用 1、 作定语 (1) 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如: The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. (2) 分词短语作定语，分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分 词如give，left等作定语也后置。如: The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. (3) 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 如: Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 2、 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.(原因) Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. (条件) Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital. (原因) Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步) He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随) He came running to tell me the good news. (方式) 注意: (1) 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主 语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较: (Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 (2) 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主 格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语， 一般不用作定语。 3、 作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如: The film is touching. The glass is broken. 4、 作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如: I smell something burning. I heard him singing the song. I heard my name called. 5、 作插入语 generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从„„判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如: Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A 考点:考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which, as )和关系副词(when, where, why)。 1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等 成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line. 2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略(非限定性定语从句中不可省略)。 e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion. The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me. 3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于 非限定性定语从句。 4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于 指人，which用于指物，不能用that。 e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department. Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my family live used to be a garage. 32.Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students. A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【答案】D 考点:考查非谓语动词。 33.People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. A.will have B. have C.had D.had had 【答案】B 试题分析:句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在， 所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时 态，故选B。 考点:考查时态。 34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 【答案】A 考点:考查虚拟语气。 【名师点睛】 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam. 虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在，实现机会很小) If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky. if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be一律用were) would/could/might/should+动词 原形 2.与过去事实相反 had done would/could/might/should+have done 3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式(be一律用were) would/could/might/should+动词 b.should+动词原形(不能用would) 原形 c.were to+动词原形 1.与现在事实相反 if从句:动词过去式(be---were) 主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you. If I were you, I shouldn’t do that. If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay. 2.与过去事实相反 if从句:had done 主句:would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded. I could have done it better if I had been more careful. If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come. 3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句:a.动词过去式(be一律用were) b.should+动词原形(不能用would) c.were to+动词原形 主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything. If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him. 4.错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综 时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now. If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now. (有时时间会省略) 5.含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。 They would not be able to live without him.(如果没有) He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice. (要不是)=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是„„就好了) You would have done the same thing in her position. With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident. 6.虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和 真实的情况同时存在。 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition. (实------虚) =I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition. He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money. (虚------实) =He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. 7.省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把 had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。 If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. =Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it. 35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by 【答案】B 考点:考查介词。 第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very 37 .She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could 38 ,but,of course, there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解决)the problem of homelessness. Later ,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, 39 an old shopping trolley(购物车)which was piled with 40 . It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn’ t 43 as bad. Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foudation ,an She hoped to 44 organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to 45 “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 46 to the cause. She also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone’s spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 47 called National Red Scarf Day—a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada’s 48 and homeless. There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah’s Place”, something that Hannah is very 49 of. Hannah’s Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 .For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world. But 53 all this, Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people. Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world. You can,too! 36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving 37. A. annoyed B. nervous C. ashamed D. upset 38. A. behave B. manage C. help D. work 39. A. pushing B. carrying C. buying D. holding 40. A. goods B. bottles C. foods D. bags 41. A. excited B. determined C. energetic D. grateful 42. A. since B. unless C. although D. as 43. A. sound B. get C. feel D. look 44. A. exchange B. leave C. keep D. spread 45. A. sell B. deliver C. host D. pack 46. A. contribute B. lead C. apply D. agree 47. A. campaign B. trip C. procedure D. trial 48. A. elderly B. hungry C. lonely D. sick 49. A. aware B. afraid C. proud D. sure 50 A. going B. sleeping C. traveling D. playing 51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments 52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts 53. A. for B. through C. besides D. along 54. A. healthy B. public C. normal D. tough 55. A. choice B. profit C. judgement D. difference 39.考查动词。A. pushing 推B. carrying 拿C. buying买D. holding握。购物车肯定是推着 的，根据逻辑常识可推出，故选A。 40.考查名词。A. goods 货物B. bottles瓶子C. foods食物D. bags包。因为是流浪者，所以随 身的东西肯定都是用包装好的，故车上堆满了包，里面装满了东西，选D。 41.考查形容词。A. excited 激动的B. determined下决心的，坚定的C. energetic精力充沛的 D. grateful感激的。Hannah很难过，所以她更加下定决心一定要把这件事做好，故选B。 42.考查连词。A. since 自从B. unless 除非C. although尽管D. as因为。句意:自从他们第一 次看到无家可归的人，Hannah就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。 43.考查动词。A. sound 听B. get获得C. feel 感觉D. look看。她妈妈告诉她只要她付出努 力去改变那些让她难过的事情，就不会和以前一样感觉那么糟糕了，此处指的是感觉上，故 选C。 47.考查名词。A. campaign 运动B. trip 旅行C. procedure 过程D. trial实验。基金会又举办了一项运动，来筹集资金，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选A。 48.考查形容词。A. elderly 年纪大的B. hungry 饥饿的C. lonely 孤独的D. sick生病的。此处是指为那些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，前文中第一次出现的就是从垃圾桶里找东西吃的人让Hannah很难过，所以她的帮助对象肯定包含饥饿的人，选B。 49.考查形容词。A. aware 意识的B. afraid 害怕的C. proud 骄傲的 D. sure肯定的。前面提到为那些无家可归的人见建了一个名为Hannah’s Place的地方，以她的名字命名的，所以 Hannah肯定非常骄傲，自豪，故选C。 50.考查动词。A. going 去B. sleeping 睡 C. traveling 旅行D. playing玩。当天冷到在室外睡觉就意味着死的时候，这个避难所就会给那些无家可归的人，根据句意可知选B。 51.考查名词。A. praises赞美B. invitations邀请C. replies回复D. appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，给她颁奖，故答案为A。 52.考查名词。A. needs 需要 B. interests 兴趣C. dreams梦想D. efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，根据句意可知选D。 53.考查介词。A. for 为了B. through 通过C. besides 此外D. along沿着。但是经过所有这些之后，Hannah依然过着Winnipeg学校一名女生的普通的生活，根据句意可知选B。 54.考查形容词。A. healthy 健康的B. public 公共的C. normal 正常的，普通的D. tough艰难的。Hannah依然过着Winnipeg学校一名女生的普通的生活，根据句意可知答案为C。 55.考查名词。A. choice选择B. profit利润C. judgement 判断D. difference不同。此处为固定短语:make a difference起作用，有影响，选D。 考点:人物故事类短文阅读 【名师点睛】 完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法: 1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力 完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其查实词居多。比如最后一题who are making a 55 in the world. 根据选项提供的词马上就可以判断此处为固定短语:make a difference起作用，有影响，选D。 2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力 解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。 3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力 旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。例如第51空，she has received a lot of 51 .(她收到了很多的 。)这是就要考虑到下文了，因为下文有这方面的举例，是给她颁奖，由此可判断是对她的赞美，故答案为A。 4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力 目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。 5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力 此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。 第三部分:阅读理解(共两节，40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eyes rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.” It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly. Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’ t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor. Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned. “I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.” Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.” 56.What happened to Paris on a March day? A. She caught a bad cold. B. She had a sudden heart problem. C. She was knocked down by a ball. D. She shivered terribly during practice. 57.Why does Paris say she was lucky? A. She made a worthy friend. B. She recovered from shock. C. She received immediate CPR. D. She came back on the softball team. 58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor? A. Enthusiastic and kind. B. Courageous and calm. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Ambitious and professional. 58.推理判断题。Taylor根据自己所学的CPR知识及时挽救了 Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。 考点:人物故事类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】 故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略;有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧: 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如第58题，总结人物的品质，Taylor根据自己所学的CPR知识及时挽救了 Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静。 2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意 图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。 这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不 可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 B Inspiring young minds! TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. What is so special about TOKNOW magazine? What’s inside? Well, it has no ads or promotions inside— Every month the magazine introduces a instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. fresh new topic with articles, experiments TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and and creative things to make — the magazine accessible to children, who can become involved also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学)sure young readers have a balanced take on life. —and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine. Sounds too good to be true? Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends. Happy Birthday All Year! What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day. SUBSCRIBE NOW ?Annual Subscription Europe ?55 Rest of World ?65 ?Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe ?60 Rest of World ?70 Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back. 59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine? A. It entertains young parents. B. It provides serious advertisements. C. It publishes popular science fictions. D. It combines fun with complex concepts. 60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers? A. Online courses. B. Articles on new topics. C. Lectures on a balanced life. D. Reports on scientific discoveries. 61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China? A. ?55. B. ?60. C. ?65. D. ?70. 62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get . A. free birthday presents B. full refund within 28 days C. membership of the TOKNOW club D. chances to meet the experts in person 【解析】 试题分析:文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。 61.细节理解题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack所在部Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe ?60 Rest of World ?70，中国属于Rest of World，故答案为D。 62.细节理解题。根据最后一句话Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.可知订阅可在28天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。 考点:广告类文章阅读 【名师点睛】 细节理解题的类型: 1、直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。60题就是可以直接在文中找到有关信息。 2、间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。比如第61题就属于间接信息题，只需要根据题意推知中国属于Rest of World，故是?70，答案为D。3、数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 4、排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 5、图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 C Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 63(The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A(a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B(the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C(anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D(information about measles spreads quickly 64(Herd immunity works well when ____________. A(exemptions are allowed B(several vaccines are used together C(the whole neighborhood is involved in D(new regulations are added to the state laws 65(What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A(The overuse of vaccine. B(The lack of medical care. C(The features of measles itself. D(The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66(What is the purpose of the passage? A(To introduce the idea of exemption. B(To discuss methods to cure measles. C(To stress the importance of vaccination. D(To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C 65.根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对疫苗的人导致的麻疹的复发，故选D。 66.本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。 考点:医学疾病类文章阅读 【名师点睛】 作者态度及写作意图推断 每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现。此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(表 明作者对某事物的看法)。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点: 1.作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。 2.漠不关心类词语往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心。 3.要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。 4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。 5.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。 6.绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如:strong, complete, entire等。 比如66题，本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况， 最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。 D Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction. 67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician 68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to . A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B. achieve their original goals independently C. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in international chess matches 69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to . A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beings C. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots’ affecting the world 70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A. It will disappear with the development of AI. B. It will get worse with human interference. C. It will be solved but with difficulty. D. It will stay for a decade. 【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C 68.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。 69.推理判断题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。 70.推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。 【名师点睛】 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。 推理判断题的解题方法 : 推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。 任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推 理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找 并确定可推论的依据，即:已知部分,推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分,推理的结论，切 忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。 第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经 元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B 73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。 74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。 75.根据后一句提到的You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选B。 【名师点睛】 1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。 2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。 3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。比如第73题，代词的作用就体现的非常明显，如果看不到下文中的he，很难做出判断，但是只要看到了就会马上去设想前面必然会提到某个男性的人物，然后根据语境很快就可以锁定选项F，答案自然很快就可以确定。 4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。 5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等， 另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neither…nor，either…or，not only...but also，on one hand....on the other hand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。 第四部分:书面表达(共两节，35 分) 第一节 (15分) 你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择:“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括: 1.你建议的线路; 2.你的理由; 3.你的祝愿。 注意:1.词数不少于50; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China. Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice. Hope you’ll have a good time in China. Yours, Li Hua 【亮点说明】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。表语从句的使用:That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.高级词汇的使用:highly recommended。连接词的合理使用:Personally，moreover。 第二节 (20 分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。 注意:词数不少于60。 提示词:视频 video (请务必讲作文写在答题卡指定区域内) 【答案】 Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discus sion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement. 【亮点说明】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句 子。非限制性定语从句的使用:…， during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. 时间状语从句的使用:when the video was played on the graduation ceremony。