汽车交强险与第三者责任险

汽车交强险与第三者责任险 专科汽车保险与理赔论文 题目:浅析交通事故责任强制保险 与商业第三者责任险的联系和区别 姓名:张银辉 指导老师:刘华莉 专业:汽车制造与装配 学号: 完成日期:2012年5月 浅析交通事故责任强制保险与商业第三者 责任险的联系和区别 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 摘要:机动第三者责任保险包括商业第三者责任保险和机动车交通事故强制保险，但在机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例实施之前，机动车交通事故中实行的是商业第三者责任保险，而今出两种保险，许多人对此感到困惑与不解，机动车交通事故强制保险是否取代了商业第三者责任保险,两之间有什么关系, 本文从五个方面做了初步的探讨和思考。一、商业第三者责任保险与机动车交通事故责任强制保险的概念及第三者的范围。二、机动车交通事故强制保险出台的目的。三、机动车交通事故强制保险的鲜明特征。四、机动车交通事故强制保险与商业机动车第三者责任保险的区别。五、机动车交通事故强制保险与商业性机动车第三责任保险的互补性。保险公司在道路交通事故赔偿案件中的地位。 关键词;交强险 第三者险 联系 应用 1交强险概述 1.1交通事故强制保险定义 交强险是我国首个由国家法律规定实行的强制保险制度。《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》规定:交强险是由保险公司对被保险机动车发生道路交通事故造成受害人(不包括本车人员和被保险人)的人身伤亡、财产损失，在责任限额内予以赔偿的强制性责任保险。交强险与消费者熟悉的机动车第三者责任保险(以下简称三责险)在保险种类上属于同一个险种，都是保障道路交通事故中第三方受害人获得及时有效赔偿的险种。 1.2交通事故强制保险的背景与意义 1.2.1交通事故强制保险的背景 自2004年5月1日起实施的《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》首次提出 "建立机动车第三者责任强制保险制度，设立道路交通事故社会救助基金"，到2006年3月21日国务院颁布了《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》并于7月1日起实施，历经两年多的时间，交通事故强制责任保险这一项全新的保险制度正式确立，而强制第三者责任保险从此更名为交通事故强制责任保险(以下简称 []1交责险)。 1.2.2交通事故强制保险的背景与意义 交强险具有很强的公益性，建立交强险责任制度有利于道路交通事故受害人获得及时的经济赔付和医疗救治，减轻交通事故肇事者的经济负担，有利于发挥summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 保险的保障功能，维护社会安定。 1.3强制保险的主要特点 (1)“突出以人为本”:将保障受害人得到及时有效的赔偿为首要目标。 (2)体现“奖优惩劣”通过经济手段提高驾驶员的守法意识，促进交通安全。 (3)坚持社会效益原则。要求保险公司经营机动车交通事故责任强制保险不以盈利为目的，且机动车交通事故责任强制保险业务必于其他业务分开管理、实行单独核算。 (4)实行商业化运作机动车交通事故强制保险条款费率有保险公司指定保监会按照机动车交通事故强制保险业务总体上不盈利不亏损原则进行审批。 1.4事故强制保险费率 相关内容:车险费率是按照保险金额计算保险费的比例，通常是以千分率(‰)来表示。车险金额简称保额，是保险双方当事人约定的保险人在保险事故发生后应赔偿保险金的限额，它是保险人计算保险费的基础。 就汽车保险而言，保险人同样希望保费设计得更精确、更合理。在不断的统计和分析研究中，人们发现影响汽车保险索赔频率和索赔幅度的危险因素有很多，而且影响的程度也各不相同。每一辆汽车的风险程度是由其自身风险因子综合影响的结果，所以，科学的方法是通过全面综合地考虑这些风险因子后确定车险费率。 费率:保险费率，是应缴纳保险费与保险金额的比率。(费率=保险费/保险金额)保险费率是保险人按单位保险金额向投保人收取保险费的标准。保险人承保一笔保险业务，用保险金额乘以保险费率就得出该笔业务应收取的保险费。 责任限额:(1)有责的死亡伤残—11万 医疗—1万 财产—0.2万 (2) 无责的死亡伤残1.1万 医疗0.1万 财产0.01万 1.5应用案例 案例1: 胡先生为自己的新车皇冠投保交强险，第一年保费950元。期间发生一次交通事故，造成自行车骑人受伤。交警认定胡先生负责事故全部责任。伤者住院共花去医疗费15000元，误工费、护理费3000元，自行车修理费200元。保险公司赔偿胡先生医疗费10000元(医疗限额)，误工费、护理费3000元(伤残赔偿限额)，自行车修理费200元(财产赔偿限额)，合计13200元。医疗费超出的5000元有胡先生自付。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 案例2:互碰自赔。2009年2月1日，全国实行交强险“互碰自赔”，2000元以下的财产损失可以在本方交强险下赔付。因此，此种情况下，可以说交强险的保障范围扩大到了本车损失，不限于第三者。 案例3:小王驾驶起亚瑞达与老张驾驶的广州本田在深圳深南大道发生剐磳，双方损失较小，交警通过快速处理，认定双方同等责任，小王、老张的车辆都只有交强险，两人同意采用“互碰自赔”办法处理。事故处理后，两人各自到自己保险公司办理理赔。小王修车款1000元在交强险下赔付，老张修车款800元也在交强险下赔付。两人当天即完成事故和保险理赔。 “互碰自赔”方便了广大车主进行事故处理和保险理赔，但它的适用也有一定条件: (1)双方车辆都有责。如一方无责，则不适用。 (2)各自财产损失在2000元以下。 (3)双方同意采用互碰自赔处理。 (4)双方车辆都有交强险。 2第三责责任险概述 2.1第三者责任保险定义 第三者责任保险是一种商业险。汽车第三者保险是保险车辆因意外事故，致使他人遭受人身伤亡或财产的直接损失，保险人依照保险合同的规定给予赔偿保险的责任限额。 每次是负的责任限额，由投保人和保险人在签订保险合同是按照保险监管部门批准的限额档次协商确定。 主车和挂车连接一起使用时视为一体，发生保险是富士，由主车保险人和挂车保险人按照保险单上载明的机动车第三者责任保险责任限额的比例，在各自的 []2责任险内承担赔偿责任，但赔偿金总和以主车的责任限额为限。 第三者责任险的责任限额分为八个档次，即5万元、10万元、15万元、20万元、30万元、50万元、100万元以及100万元以上。 2.2第三者财产损失的定损 保险事故导致的财产损失，除了车辆本身的损失外，还可能导致第三者的财产损失。第三者财产损失包括:第三者车辆所载货物、道路、道路安全设施 、summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 房屋建筑、电力和水利设施、道路旁的树木花、道路旁的的农田庄稼等。可见， []3第三者的财产涉及范围较大。所以，对第三者财产的定损要比车辆定损难的多。第三者财产定损原则 (1)简单财产损失应会同被保险人一起根据财产价值和损失程度确定损失金额、必要时请生产厂家鉴定。 (2)对受损财产技术性强、定损较高、难度大的物品、如较难掌握赔偿赔偿标准可聘请技术监督部门和专业部门鉴定，严禁盲目鉴定。 (3)根据车险条款规定，损失残值应协商折价归保险人，并由保险人进行处理。 2.3第三者财产损失的定损方法 (1)市政和道路交通设施。如:广告牌、电灯杆、防护栏、隔离桩、绿化树等，在定损中按损坏物产的制作费用及当地市政、路政、交管部门的赔偿核定。 (2)房屋建筑。了解房屋结构、材料、损失情况，然后确定维修方法，最后请当地数家建筑单位对损坏部分及维修方案进行预算招标，确定最低修复费用。 3)农田庄稼。在青苗期按青苗费用加上一定的补贴即可，成熟期的庄嫁( 可按当地同类农作物平均产量测算定损。 (4)家畜、牲畜。牲畜受伤治疗为主，受伤后失去使用价值或死亡的，凭畜牧部门证明或协商折价赔偿。 (5)车上货物及其他物品。应根据不同的物品分别定损，对一些精密仪器、家电、高档物品等应根据具体的数量、规格、生产厂，可向市场或生产厂了解物品价格。另外，对于车上货物还取得运单、装箱单、发票，核对装载货物情况，防止虚报损失。 2.4第三者责任险案例 翁某为其所有的天籁轿车购买了交强险、第三者责任险50万元和不计免赔特约险。在一次事故中碰撞了一辆夏利轿车，造成夏利车损 和夏利车驾驶员死亡的事故。事故损失:车辆损失为四万元，驾驶员死亡赔偿为33万元。交强险支付驾驶员死亡赔偿11万元，财产损失赔偿2000元。在第三者责任险中支付死亡赔偿22万元和财产损失赔偿38000元。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 2.5商业第三者责任险的赔偿处理 ?被保险人索赔时，应当向保险人提高与确认保险事故的性质、原印、损失程度等有关证明和资料。被保险人应当提高保险单、损失清单、有关费用单据、被保险机动车行驶证和发生事故是驾驶人的驾驶证。 ?因保险事故损坏的第三者财产，应当尽早修复。修理前被保险人应当会同保险人检查，协商确定修理项目、方式和费用。 ?保险人已具备保险机动车驾驶人在事故中所附的事故责任比例，承担相应的赔偿责任。 ?保险事故发生后，保险人应按照国家有关法律、法规规定的赔偿范围、项目和标准以及保险合同的约定，在保险单载明的责任限额内核定赔偿经额。 ?被保险机动车重复保险的，保险人按照本保险合同的责任限额与各保险合同责任限额的综合比例承担保险赔偿责任的承诺。 ?保险人受理报案、现场查勘、参与诉讼、进行抗辩、向被保险人提供专业建议等行为，均不构成保险人对赔偿责任的承诺。 ?保险人支付赔偿后，对被保险人追加的索赔请求，保险人不承担赔偿责任。 []4?被保险人获得赔偿后，本合同继续有效，直至保险合同期间届满。 3通事故强制保险与商业第三者责任保险的联系与区别 3.1交通事故强制保险与商业第三者责任保险的关系 交通强制保险和商业第三者责任保险都是在为发生交通事故对造成第三者的人生伤亡，即财产损失进行赔偿。 3.2析交通事故强制保险与商业第三者责任保险区别 (1)是赔偿原则不同。商业三责险采取的是过错责任原则，即保险公司根据被保险人在交通事故中所承担的事故责任来确定其赔偿责任。而交强险实行的是"无过错责任"原则，即无论被保险人是否在交通事故中负有责任，保险公司均将在6万元责任限额内予以赔偿。 (2)出于有效控制风险的考虑，商业三责险规定了较多的责任免除事项和免赔率(额)。而交强险的保险责任几乎涵盖了所有道路交通风险，且不设免赔率和免 []5赔额，其保障范围远远大于商业三责险。 (3)强制性不一样。交强险具有法律强制性的，实际上可叫做"强制三责险"。summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 根据《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》规定，机动车的所有人或管理人都应当投保交强险,未按照规定投保交强险的，将由公安机关交通管理部门予以处罚。同时，保险公司不能拒绝承保交强险、不得拖延承保和不得随意解除合同。而过去的三责险都是商业性的。 (4)条款和基础费率不同。 交强险的责任限额全国统一定为6万元，在全国范围内执行统一保险条款和基础费率，并执行实行"奖优罚劣"的费率浮动机制。而目前各保险公司商业三责险的条款费率相互存在差异，并设有5万元、10万元、20万元乃至100万元以上等不同档次的责任限额。 (5)后赔偿的限额不一样。交强险实行分项责任限额,与商业三者险相比，限额分项是"交强险"除无责赔偿以外最大的特点。6万元"交强险"的责任被分成了三部分:5万元死亡伤残补偿，8000元医疗费用以及2000元财产损失。如果被撞的是机动车，没有人员伤亡，那么最多只能从保险中取出2000元用于修车，不足部分只能由肇事方承担。商业三者险则没有对责任限额进行划分，只要损失不 []6超过保险总限额，无论是修车还是救人都可以动用全部保费限额。 结论 本文对交通事故强制保险和商业第三者责任保险的赔偿原则不同进行了探讨，分析了两者的本质联系区别。随着汽车行业的发展，我们应该更加的去完善这两种险种尽可能的为广大群众带来方便，能及时有效的对交通事故进行处理，减少人生伤亡和财产损失。 参 考 文 献 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into [1]《机动车第三者责任强制保险制度研究》，张新宝、陈飞著，法律出版社2005年11月。 [2] 应秀良著《责任限额与保险公司的赔偿责任研究》，载《人民司法》杂志2005年第3期，第54页。 [3] 毛杰、赵永桥著《我国机动车辆第三人责任强制保险的法律问题探究》，载《中国保险管理干部学院学报》2003年第6期，第34页。 [4]中国人民财产保险股份有限公司法律部:“过渡时期交通事故侵权纠纷中的保险赔偿”，载中国保险报。 [5]李建国、曹叠云主编《保险法释义》，人民法院出版社2002年版，第199-200页。 [6]《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例释义》，刘炤、杨华柏、郭左践主编，法律出版社2006年4月第1版。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into